Full text of "National park series"

See other formats

BANCROFT
LIBRARY

THE LIBRARY

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

'7i

&&C--

CRATER LAKE

Nattionad Pa^rk

-XV

$•

I UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION

N AT IONAL PARK.

Reflections stand out distinctly in water that gleams as though glazed by the sun

Looking "Over the Top'

Page two

- , <

An Appreciation o i

("rater Lake National Park

By WINSTON CHURCHILL, Author of The Crisis," "Richard Carvel," "The Crossing," etc.

Written Especially for the United States Railroad Administration

T IS not so man> years ago that I left San Francisco with a case of
rods, bound foi Crater Lake in Oregon. What I had heard about
the place had filled me with awe and expectation, tempered by a
little skepticism. 1 was personally conducted by patriotic and hos-
pitable Oregonians who met me in sight of the fountains of Klamath,
put me in a motor car and sped me northward through great forests and across
wide prairies which once, not long since, had been an almost inaccessible
wilderness. The immensity of the extinct volcano whither we were bound,
that in prehistoric times had strewn the entire countryside with powdered
stone, was hard to grasp.

It was July. We climbed the wooded slopes to the snows, forged through
the melting drifts to the very lip of the crater and suddenly looked down upon
a scene celebrated in Indian myth, and unique in all America. Some
thousand feet below us lay a bottomless crystal lake, six miles across
dotted with black volcanic islands. My delight in the grandeur of this view,
it must be confessed, was heightened by the knowledge that the lake was in-
habited by large rainbow trout which would rise to the fly. After leaving our
bags in one of the comfortable tents which the government provides, and eat-
ing a hurried lunch in the big dining room, we took our rods and started down
the trail. It is quite safe, but new in the experience of a sportsman from the
East; and I took the snow slopes gingerly, put to shame by a twelve-year-old
daughter of Oregon who romped down ahead of me, careless of the precipice
below. And when at last we were afloat, one recalled the Indian legend that
he who attempts to swim in this water is never heard of again. The boat was
gliding — over nothing. The water was as clear as air. Leaning dizzily over
the side of the boat, we saw the walls of the crater going down and down into
the bowels of the earth, and rainbow trout gliding below us, apparently, in a
medium like air. Above us the walls seemed to reach to the sky itself. But
presently, when we had begun to fish, the clouds gathered and shut out the sky,
in the midst of the summer afternoon darkness set in, thunder rolled and lightning
played. It was a scene comparable only to something imagined by Dante in
his Inferno.

The rain pelted down, the lake grew white — but the fish rose. Trout after
trout took the flies, and when the sky cleared our arms were tired from play-
ing them. The sun was setting. I made one last cast, near a bleak island,
with a brown hackle. It was followed by that indescribable sensation of
pure joy when a great fish gurgles on the surface, when the fisherman feels
the first frantic tug and hears the singing of the reel. My rod weighed four
ounces, and the trout at least eight pounds. He leaped, and leaped again.
Twilight came on. For half an hour I played him, reeling him up to the
boat only to see him rush away again: it became a question of staying down all
night in the crater — or leaving him, since at night we could not have traced
the trail. Reluctantly I left him. For when I tried to drown him by towing
he snapped the leader and was free.

We had all the fish we cared to carry up the steep slope. But many times
since I have thought of that trout, and I have never abandoned my intention
to go back to Crater Lake some day and get him.

Page f/iree

iiiniiiiiiimiim

To the American People:

Uncle Sam asks you to be his guest. He has prepared for you the
choice places of this continent — places of grandeur, beauty and of
wonder. He has built roads through the deep-cut canyons and beside
happy streams, which will carry you into these places in comfort, and
has provided lodgings and food in the most distant and inaccessible
places that you might enjoy yourself and realize as little as possible
the rigors of the pioneer traveler's life. These are for you. They are
the playgrounds of the people. To see them is to make more hearty
your affection and admiration for America.

Secretary of the Interior

Crater Lake National Park

IRATER LAKE National

Park is in southwestern
Oregon, on the crest of the
Cascade Range, sixty miles
north of the California line,
midway between San Francisco and
Portland. It contains 249 square miles.
The elevation varies from 5,000 to
9,000 feet above sea level. The Park
is a broad and timbered plateau sur-
mounted by numerous volcanic peaks,
among them Scott Peak, Timber
Crater, Desert Cone, Red Cone, Crater
Peak and Union Peak. Crater Lake,
weird and mysterious, lies in their
midst near the center of the Park, and
is, as its name implies, a lake in the ex-
tinct crater of a volcano. It was not
discovered by white men until 1853,
and today is recognized as one of the
greatest of scenic and most striking of
geologic spectacles.

All of our great national play-
grounds have their distinctive beauties;
each is different in great measure in
the sublimity and attractiveness of its
natural grandeur, but Crater Lake
stands alone in this: that all likeness to
any familiar landscape here ceases.

Other lands have their crater lakes
— Italy, India and Hawaii — and there
are some craters in this country that
contain miniature lakes; but there is
only one really great caldera of this

kind in the world — only one immense
basin apparently formed through the
complete melting by intense heat of the
entire core of a great volcano, and the
falling in and utter disappearance
through subterranean caverns of its
massive bulk.

That perpetual desolation — the
nightmare of a Dante — should follow
such a cataclysm would be expected;
that aeons of time and the mystical
workings of Nature have transformed
the devastation to a dream-picture, will
be a continual boon to the sightseer.

The titanic convulsion that formed
this remarkable beauty-spot no human
eye witnessed. Geologists have con-
cluded that ages ago, in the great chain
of volcanic mountain peaks which to-
day extends from Washington to Cali-
fornia— among them Mt. Rainier, Mt.
Hood, Mt. Adams, Mt. Jefferson,
Three Sisters, Mt. McLoughlin, Mt.
Shasta and Lassen Peak — there tow-
ered one, which has been called Mount
Mazama, that may have topped the
tallest of its fellows. Judging from the
pitch of the remnants of its outer slopes,
scientists conclude with reasonable cer-
tainty that, if reconstructed, its snow-
clad peak would rise from seven to
eight thousand feet above its broken
rim. Mazama stands today an un-
crowned king, shorn of its diadem of

Page four

The Phantom Ship, which disappears illusively with shif tings of light and shadow

burning gold and glittering silver, yet
holding within its heart a treasure the
rarest in the world — a beautiful lake,
the deepest of all lakes, with waters
the bluest of all blue waters. And this
is Crater Lake!

Mount Mazama if reconstructed

Crater Lake is almost circular, vary-
ing from five to six miles in diameter.
Its known depth is 2,000 feet and it is
believed to be the deepest body of
fresh water in the world. Its surface is
6,177 feet above the sea. It has no
inlet or outlet, being fed by springs and
winter snows; its water escapes by un-
derground channels, reappearing as
springs in the Klamath region, a few
miles away. It is completely girdled
by precipitous cliffs and steep talus
slopes that fall sharply downward from
its rim 2,000 to 600 feet to the water's
edge. Closely encircling it rise many
high peaks, notably Llao Rock, The
Watchman, and Cloud Cap; also Gla-
cier, Garfield and Vidae Peaks.

The Discovery of Crater Lake

Surrounded by canyons, ravines and
pinnacled rocks, and belted by a wil-
derness of boulder-strewn forests, the
region for years was inaccessible, and
unexpored except by the more venture-
some who were attracted by stories of
the Indians of this mystery lake in its
fantastic setting. Yet its discovery was
accidental; it occurred in 1853 while
an exploring party was searching in the
Cascade Mountains for the famous Lost
Cabin Mine. The mine they did not
find, nor has it ever been found, but
instead they came upon this beautiful
lake in the crater.

"Suddenly we came in sight of
water," writes J. W. Hillman, the
leader of the party. "We were much
surprised, as we did not expect to see
any lakes, and did not know but that
we had come in sight of and close to
Klamath Lake. Not till my mule
stopped within a few feet of the rim
of the lake did I look down, and if I
had been riding a blind mule I firmly
believe I would have ridden over the
edge to death."

A dispute arose over the choice of a
name, the party dividing between
Mysterious Lake and Deep Blue Lake.

Page five

Motorboating and fishing in the heart of an extinct volcano is novel sport

The advocates of Deep Blue Lake won
the vote, but in 1 869 a visiting party
renamed it Crater Lake, and this by
natural right became its title.

First View of Crater Lake and Its
Brilliant Coloring

The first sight of Crater Lake is well-
nigh bewildering. Unless looked into
from the rim it is invisible. Wonder-
ment at the height and steepness of its
encircling cliffs succeeds the first as-
tonishment; admiration of the loveli-
ness of its coloring next enthralls the
beholder in the sequence of impres-
sions. Its unique beauty lies in no
small measure in its coloring, the bril-
liance of which if reproduced in paint-
ing or print would seem exaggerated
and impossible to those who have not
seen the reality. Nowhere else is
there such an azure. One feels that
a glass of its water would show blue
as if stained with cobalt, but it is clear
as crystal and as pure. The deeper
parts are a brilliant ultramarine, shad-
ing to turquoise in the shallower
reaches, and to light jade green in the
few indented coves around the shore.
A hundred feet down the glaze of a
plate is plainly discernible. The sur-

roundings help the brilliance of the
blue; the rocks are of metallic hues; the
peaks of the rim are often snow cov-
ered; the lava gray of the steep
scarred walls is mottled and splotched
with bright yellows and reds, markings
left by volcanic action long ago, and
always there is the dark green of the
pines and firs and shrubs that grow
on these declivities wherever they find
root-hold. The waters are usually
placid, gleaming as though glazed by
the sun, and in this mirror of Nature
the reflections stand out with astound-
ing distinctness.

Of this feature of Crater Lake, Joa-
quin Miller wrote: "Fancy a sea of
sapphire set about by a compact circle
of the grizzly rock of Yosemite. It is
great, great; but it takes you days to
see how great. It lies 2,000 feet under
you, and as it reflects its walls so per-
fectly that you cannot tell the wall
from the reflection, in the intensely
blue water, you have a continuous un-
broken circular wall of twenty-four
miles to contemplate at a glance, all of
which lies 2,000 feet, and seems to lie
4.000 feet, below. Yet so bright, so
intensely blue is the lake that it seems
at times, from some points of view, to
lift right in your face."

Page 8 i X

Wizard Island — A crater within a crater

The Legend of the Indians

According to the legend of the Kla-
maths and Modocs the mystic land of
Gaywas was the domain of the power-
ful demon Llao, whose throne was on
Llao Rock. His warriors were gigan-
tic crawfish which swarmed the lake,
and with their great claws seized all
who dared to appear on the cliffs
above. The spirit chieftain Skell, of the
neighboring Klamath Marshes, waged
bitter war against Llao, but Skell
eventually was captured, and his heart,
torn from his body, was given by Llao
to his minions who used it as a ball,
hurling it from cliff to cliff with their
claws.

One of Skell's watchful eagles sud-
denly swooped down and caught the
heart in mid-air, passing it to a fleet-
footed antelope, which carried it to
safety. Then miraculously the body
of Skell grew about his heart, and he
again waged war against his enemy.
He captured Llao and upon the highest
cliff cut his body into quarters, which
he cast into ths lake where they were
eaten by Llao's monsters under the be-
lief that it was Skell's body. But when
Llao's head was thrown in they recog-
nized it and would not eat it. So Llao's
head still lies in the lake and white men

call it Wizard Island, one of the small
islands that rise from its depths today.
The Indians, even today, look upon the
face of Crater Lake with uneasiness and

awe.

Wizard Island

The geological history of Wizard Island is
fully as remarkable as that ascribed to it by
the Indian legend. It was built up from the
floor of Mount Mazama's crater by expiring
volcanic forces, and is today a perfectly pre-
served cinder zone rising 800 feet above the
surface of the lake. It lies close to the cliffs
on the western shore of the lake, and its ap-
pearance, when looked down upon from the
rim, is one of the curious sights that fill the
beholder with wonder. Soundings show that
several other peaks of like nature rise from
great depths in the lake but do not come
within some hundred feet of the surface,
forming a submerged range of miniature
crater mountains. A trail has been built to
the edge of Wizard Island's crater, which is
500 feet across the top and 100 feet deep;
a trail also leads to the bottom. The western
half of Wizard Island is a rough lava bed,
and in one of its hollows is a dark pool
known as the Witch's Cauldron. Thus Wiz-
ard Island is doubly remarkable, being in
fact a crater within a crater and containing
a pool within a lake. Skell Channel sep-
arates Wizard Island from the mainland. The
lake's superb reflections are seen to fine ad-
vantage from the island.

The Phantom Ship

The picturesque Phantom Ship lies near

the southern shore of the lake a few rods

from the base of Dutton Cliff. It is a high

Page seven

a of

craggy up-thrust of curiously sculptured lava;
a mass of bronze and yellow spires and tur-
rets showing almost a goblin fantasy of con-
struction. At a distance its outline resembles
a sailing ship — hence its name. The illusion
at dusk or in the moonlight is striking. Ap-
proaching it in certain slants of light the
Phantom Ship, when seen against the cor-
rugated background of Dutton Cliff, sud-
denly disappears and is exceedingly difficult
to again "pick up" — a phantom ship indeed,
in which the Ancient Mariner might well
delight.

Trail from Crater Lake Lodge to Eagle Cove

A new trail of very easy grade has been
constructed, leading from the rim at Crater
Lake Lodge to the water at Eagle Cove, a
descent of about 1,000 feet and a little over
a mile in distance. Horses and burros can
be used if desired, but the low grading of
the trail makes the walk delightful, the acces-
sibility of the lake adding greatly to the
enjoyment of visitors. This charming walk,
zigzagging in easy stretches down the heavily
timbered slope, contrasts strangely with the
belief expressed by the party of explorers
who discovered the lake, that "its shore-line
would never be touched by the foot of man."
But when you consider that an eighteen-foot
launch crossing the lake is harder to "spot"
than an aeroplane flying 3,000 feet over-
head, and that a rowboat is undiscernible.
some idea may be had of the beliefs and
disbeliefs that Crater Lake readily suggests.
Unusual Fishing; Motorboats and Rowboat*
The cold and crystal-clear water of Crater
Lake originally contained no fish of any kind
except a species of small crawfish.

In 1888, Mr. William G. Steel, now U. S.
Commissioner for the Park, was the first to

stock the waters with trout, but no fish were
seen in the lake for twelve years; then a few
were taken, one measuring 30 inches. Since
then trout of the gamiest have been caught in
ever-increasing numbers; preferably by fly-
casting from vantage points along the shore,
and also by trolling with spoon from row-
boats. Fish weighing five and ten pounds
are frequently caught.

In Crater Lake, five fish per person a day,
and in all other waters in the park twenty
fish per person, is the limit. There is good
fishing in Anna Creek below Dewie Falls, as
well as in neighboring streams. The fishing
season is from July 1st to September 30th,
unless otherwise ordered by the Superintend-
ent of the Park. No license is required.

Launch Trips — A Cruise Around the Lake
At Eagle Cove, motorboats and rowloats are
provided for boating or fishing parties; guides
are also available for those who desire them.

Trips to Wizard Island are made by launch
on regular schedules daily, and special trips
can be arranged for, by the hour, skirting
the Phantom Ship and nearby cliffs.

The striking features of the crater's rim
can best be seen by making a circuit of the
lake along its edge. It reveals in a thousand
changes the twisted and contorted lava for-
mations, and is a moving picture of twenty-
five miles of nature's wierdest film. This
close-up view of the aftermath of Mazama
will never be forgotten.

From Eagle Cove the launch heads east,
rounding Eagle Point, with Garfield Peak
towering high overhead; then crosses Chaski
Bay, where Vidae Cliff rises 2,000 feet above,
lust beyond, Dutton Cliff looks from its dizzv
height on the Phantom Ship, the launch

P a 69 eight

IPLi

ircling shores

skirting its sculptured sides \vith its maze of
lava rigging. Kerr Notch, just beyond Dut-
ton Cliff, on Danger Bay, is the lowest point
on the crater rim, 600 feet above the water.
Sentinel Rock is the next peak outstanding
on the wall above, and then follows Cloud
Cap, 2,070 feet above the shore. Skell Head,
suggesting Indian legends, appears on the
southern point of Grotto Cove, where is seen
The Wineglass, high on its northern cliff, a
strange rock-slide shaped like a huge goblet
and tinted as with winestain. Round Top, the
Palisades and Rugged Crest are passed along
the northeast shore, and below Rugged Crest
is Cleetwood Cove, where the last great lava
flow occurred.

But what strange sights have been un-
folded in this half-circuit of the lake! Where
can their like be seen? Contorted, twisted

shapes the deformity of nature in its every

phase. Dark caverns piercing flame-
scorched walls that over-hang in jagged
masses streaked with charred reds and sul-
phur-yellows; gorges packed with winter
snows that gleam like diamonds in jet set-
tings snows unmelted since their fall, with

solid ice foundations, for sunshine has never
reached their rock-bound depths. And all
around them is the bright green glaze of
needled pine boughs, drooping and waving
in the breeze from trunks that slant at every

angle the growth of centuries. Surely

Nature, to sooth Mazama's wrath, has beauti-
fied its scars with dressings most sublime.

Rounding Pumice Point the launch glides
into Steel Bay and then skirts Llao Rock, one
of the most striking summits on the rim. Just
north of Llao Rock is a mile of desolation,
The Devil's Backbone, carved and ridged and
lacerated as though by the whips of demons.

Eagles soar and pelicans flap from rock to
rock, and over all shines the brilliant sum-
mer sunshine from an azure sky that is re-
flected and thrown back from Crater Lake's
profound depths in an ultra-blue that chal-
lenges the heavens. Approaching Skell
Channel, Glacier Peak looms high above the
rim and The Watchman rears over Wizard
Island's cinder cone surrounded by its arm-
shaped lava flows and rising like an octopus
from the waters. The high-pitched roofs and
gray walls of Crater Lake Lodge appear as a
dot above, as the launch heads for Eagle
Cove, and one of the most singular and spec-
tacular of boat trips is ended.

The Rim Road — A Skyline Boulevard
The Rim Road entirely encircles Crater
Lake a distance of 35 miles, winding around
the base of the chain of peaks and crags that
hedge its outer slopes; it is unique among
skyline drives. From Cloud Cap on the east-
ern shore to The Watchman on the western
side of the lake, a distance of 2 I miles, it is
in good condition. The remaining 1 4 miles
connecting Cloud Cap with The Watchman,
around the northern end of the lake, is being
improved and surfaced. This work is pro-
gressing rapidly and the expectation is that
the road will be open, except possibly for
short periods, the present year. In this cir-
cular tour the vistas of the lake are every-
where superb and the surrounding mountain
views are seen to excellent advantage.

The Pinnacles — Sand Creek Canyon
The Pinnacles are reached by following
the Rim Road from Crater Lake Lodge for
about ten miles, thence three miles down
Sand Creek Canycn. Here stand a jumble of
giant monoliths crowding the canyon sides, carved
by the winds and the rains of centuries into fan-

P a g e nine

Crater Lake Lodge stands near the rim and overlooking the Lake.

tastic forms. There are hundreds of these sharp
pointed figures, some of them over 100 feet in
height, rising like the wraiths of a forest turned to
stone. By moonlight their gray ghost-like
appearance borders on the uncanny.

Dewie Canyon and Garden of the Gods
From Anna Spring Camp, five miles south
of Crater Lake Lodge, the road leads east-
ward a few miles along the northern wall of
Dewie Canyon, a timbered gorge cut out of
the solid rock, its sides a silent testimony of
its violent formation. At the head of the
canyon are Dewie Falls, foaming cataracts
which give the canyon its name, Dewie being
an Indian word signifying falling waters.
And here lies another Garden of the Gods,
with its picturesque crags and towering
pines, and meadows set about with paint
brush, lupines and anemones.

Anna Creek Canyon

From twelve to fifteen miles south of The
Lodge, on the Fort Klamath Road, the drive
for eight miles overlooks Anna Creek Can-
yon, with many fine views three or four hun-
dred feet into its depths. The canyon dis-
plays the curious columns and other gro-
tesque forms characteristic of this entire
volcanic region, though each of these picture-
gorges is distinctive in some new shuffling of
Ma/ama's magic deck.

Easy Mountaineering

Crater Lake National Park offers the
mountain climber a novel field and many
heights, some of which can be reached with-
out great exertion; good horse trails and
roads available for autos lead to several
prominent summits. Union Peak and Scott
Peak are perhaps the most remarkable.

Union Peak, 7,698 feet above sea level, is
about ten miles southwest of Crater Lake
Lodge, and can be reached by saddle animals
to within a quarter of a mile of its conical
top. The last 700 feet is very steep, but the
footing is secure. Unlike most of the
mountains in this region, Union Peak is not
a cinder cone, but the solid core of an ancient
volcano. The view embraces the entire park.
The trail to Bald Top extends beyond Union
Peak three miles, but it is very rough and
steep. Scott Peak, 8,938 feet, is to the east,
twenty-two miles from Crater Lake Lodge,
and rises 700 feet above any other point in
the vicinity of Crater Lake It is reached by
auto to Cloud Cap, thence two miles by foot
trail. There is an excellent trail to the top
of Garfield Peak, 8,060 feet, one and a
quarter miles east of The Lodge. It can be
made by foot or saddle animal. From its
summit, which overlooks the lake, can be
seen the Klamath Lake region to the south
and the green valley of the Wood River. The
lofty snow-capped peaks of Mt. McLoughlin
and Mt. Shasta loom beyond. Mount Thiel-
son, 9, I 78 feet, and Diamond Lake are seen
to the north of Crater Lake, a region which
it is proposed to include in a Greater Crater
Lake National Park.

The Watchman, five miles north of The
Lodge, and Glacier Peak, 8,156 feet, six miles
north and the highest peak on the rim, are
on the east side of the lake, and each is
reached by auto and easy foot trails. Vidae
Cliff, on the rim, rises three miles east of
The Lodge, and has a good horse trail to the
top, distance seven miles.

A complete list of the principal points of
interest, with heights and distances, is shown
on another page.

Page ten

Horse trails lead to mountain heights and to many vantage points upon the rim.

Wild Animals and Game

The Park abounds in black and brown
bear, blacktail deer, pine marten, porcupine;
also grouse, pheasants and numerous varie-
ties of birds. Deer and bear are more plenti-
ful each year and are becoming quite tame.
Firearms in the Park afe not permitted.
Cougar, lynx, timber wolves and coyotes are
seen occasionally and are being exterminated
by the ranger force.

Scenic Approaches to Crater Lake by Medford
and by Klamath Falls

The approaches to Crater Lake National
Park are from the railroad stations of Med-
ford, Ore., and Klamath Falls, Ore. The dis-
tance from Medford by auto is 81 miles;
from Klamath Falls 62 miles, and these ap-
proaches constitute no little charm of the
Crater Lake trip, for each drive traverses a
country of much diversity in scenic attrac-
tiveness.

Crater Lake affords a most interesting side
trip for tourists to or from California.

THE MEDFORD APPROACH: From

Medford, the chief city of the Rogue River
Valley, the auto road leads northeastward
through miles of orchard country. Gradu-
ally the highway climbs out of the valley into
the wooded foothills and as it leads up the
gorge of the Rogue River the scenery takes
on a wilder aspect. Among anglers the fast-
flowing Rogue is noted for its hard-fighting
steelhead and rainbow trout. The river
here runs like a thief and twists like a rogue,
but its waters are white with rapids, the name
being derived from its ruddy bed and given
it by those French Canadian voyageurs — the
Riviere Rouge, or red river.

Higher up the canyon, in the deepest wil-
derness, thunder the great Falls of the Rogue

a'nd farther up its course the river is spanned
by a natural bridge of lava, a hundred feet
across. At Rogue-Elk, thirty-six miles from
Medford, lunch is served, and the drive is
resumed, passing through the greatest forest
of yellow pine in the world, with many firs,
yews, larches and cedars. Climbing into the
Cascades the view covers far-reaching vistas
of densely wooded heights. As the road
leaves the Rogue River it turns eastward up
the canyon of Castle Creek and crosses the
western boundary of the Park. Ahead is a
cluster of sloping peaks, rising 1,000 feet
above the general level of the range, and as
the road winds upward to the crest below —
like a glittering jewel in a sunken setting —
lies Crater Lake.

THE KLAMATH FALLS APPROACH:

Klamath Falls is the center of the "Klamath
Country" and is situated on the banks of the
Link River, about a mile from Upper Klam-
ath Lake. It is in a region full of the charm
of mountain and forest, much of it still a

wilderness a fitting gateway for Crater

Lake National Park. Its marshes are breed-
ing-grounds for wild fowl; its clear streams
are full of fighting trout; in its forests roam
deer, bear and cougars. Crystal River,
Cherry Creek, Wood River, Odessa Creek,
Williamson River, Spring Creek and Sprague
River are a few of the trout streams, well
known to anglers, that enter the upper lake.
Pelican Bay is a favorite trolling ground.

The auto road leads for eigtheen miles
along the shores of Upper Klamath Lake,
the home of the white pelican. The lake is
twenty-five miles in length and ten miles at
its greatest width. The snow-capped peak
of Mount McLoughlin rises 6,000 feet above
its western shore, which shows tier upon tier

Page eleven

Mount McLaughlin rears to the west on the Medford road,, and rises above the shore of

Upper Klamath Lake on the Klamath Falls road.
The Falls of the Rogue River on the Medford road. Mount Shasta looms to the south on the Klamath Falls road.

of heavily timbered ridges that hem the hori-
zon. Passing through the Klamath Indian
Agency at the head of the lake, the road five
miles further runs through Fort Klamath,
both lying in a broad valley, surrounded by
wooded foothills. As the grade ascends, the
view looking back is a revelation in land-
scape loveliness. Winding upward through
heavier timber it follows Anna Creek Canyon
to Anna Springs Camp at the Park head-
quarters, thence five miles to Crater Lake
Lodge on the rim.

Accommodations Within the Park

CRATER LAKE LODGE: This attractive
hotel constructed mainly of gray stone stands
in the pines directly on the southeastern rim
overlooking the lake, 1,000 feet above the
water. It contains sixty-four rooms and af-
fords comfortable accommodations and good
service. It has ample bathing facilities and
fire protection. Around the large open fire-
place in its lobby visitors each evening re-
count their day's experiences, and anglers
unreel their tales of the fish they caught, and
of the fish that got away.

Tents are provided, on request, for those
who prefer them, meals being taken at The
Lodge. There are many inviting spots on
flower dotted meadows around the lodge, where
beneath the pines on shaded slopes are snow-
banks, with bright snow-flowers peeping
through their melting edges.

ANNA SPRING CAMP: At the park head-
quarters, at Anna Spring, five miles south of
Crater Lake Lodge, a good camp is main-
tained. The spring gushes from the moun-
tainside at the head of Anna Creek. There
is a general store here (with branch at The
Lodge) where necessary supplies are obtainable.

Season

The 1919 season of Crater Lake National Pai
extends from July 1st to September 30th.

Park Administration

Crater Lake National Park is under the juris-
diction of the Director, Na'ional Park Service,
Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.
The Park Superintendent is located at Cra
Lake, Ore.

How to Reach Crater Lake National Park

Crater Lake National Park is connected
automobile stages of the Crater Lake Company
with the railroad stations at Medford, Ore., a
Klamath Falls, Ore.

During the Park season, round-trip excursi
tickets at reduced fares are sold at many stations
in California and Oregon to Crater Lake National
Park as a destination. Passengers wishing to
visit the Park as a side-trip in connection with
journeys to other destinations will find stop-over
privileges available on through round-trip and
one-way tickets, and may, if they choose, enter
the Park via Medford and leave via Klama
Falls, or the reverse.

Storage charges on baggage will be waived at
railroad statiors at Medford, Klamath Falls or
Weed, or at Portland, or at Sacramento, Oak-
land Pier, San Francisco or Los Angeles, for
actual length of time consumed by passengers
in making the Crater Lake trip.

Automobile-Stage Rates

The Crater Lake Co. will operate regular daily auto-
mobile service from Medford, and Klamath Falls. Oregon,
to and from Crater Lake National Park at the following
rates: One Round

Way Trip

Medford to Crater Lake $ 8.50 $15.00

Klamath Falls to Crater Lake 8.00 12.50

Medford to Klamath Falls, via Crater Lake. 15.00

Klamath Falls to Medford. via Crater Lake. 15.00 .

my
ion

Page twelve

Rates at Crater Lake Lodge

Board and lodging (lodging in tents), one person:

Per day ................................... $ 3.50

Per week ................................... 20.00

Board and lodging, two or more persons in one tent
Per day ............................... each

Per week .............................. each

3.00
17.50
1.00
.75

Lodging in tents: One person, per night.

Two or more persons in one tent, per night, each

Board and lodging (lodging in hotel), one person:

Per day 4.00

Per week 22.50

Board and lodging, two or more persons in one room:

Per day each 3.50

Per week each 20.00

Lodging in hotel: One person, per night 1.50

Two or more persons in one room, per night, each 1 .25

In hotel rooms, with hot and cold water:

Board and lodging, one person: Per day 4.50

Per week 25.00

Board and lodging, two or more persons in room:

Per day each 4.00

Per week each 22.50

Lodging: One person, per night 2.00

Two or more persons in one room, per

night each 1.75

Baths (extra) — to house guests. 25 cents; others. .50

Fires in rooms (extra) 25

Single meals 1 .00

Rates at Anna Spring Tent Camp

Board and lodging, each person: Per day $ 2.50

Per week 15.00

Meals: Breakfast, lunch or dinner 75

Lodging: One person, per night 1 .00

Children under 10 years, half rates at lodge or camp.

Automobile Rates

Fare between Anna Spring Camp and Crater Lake

Lodge: One way $ .50

Round Trip 1 .00

Special trips will be made when parties of four or
more are made up, as follows:

Transportation, per mile, within the park 10

To Anna Creek Canyon, including Dewie Canyon
and Garden of the Gods. 24-mile trip, for each
person 2.00

Trip around the Lake on rim road, side-trip to the

Pinnacles, and picnic lunch, for each person. . . 5.00

The Sunset Drive, from Crater Lake Lodge to sum-
mit of road at Watchman, at sunset. 10-mile

trip, for each person 1 .00

Rates for Horses, Burros and Pack Animals

Saddle horses, pack animals and burros (when fur-
nished): Per hour $ .50

Per day 3.00

Service of guide, with horse: Per hour 1 .00

Per day 6.00

Launches and Rowboats
Launch Trips:

Wizard Island and return, on regular schedule,
launches leaving lake shore at 9 a. m.. I 1 a. m..

2 p. m., and 5 p. m., per person $ .50

Wizard Island and return, special trip, per person 1 .00
Around Wizard Island and Phantom Ship and

return (about 15 miles), per person 2.00

Around the Lake, per person 2.50

Rowboats: Per hour 50

Per day 2.50

With boat puller, per hour 50

With detachable motor, per hour 50

Per day 5.00

U. S. Government Publications

The following publications may be obtained
from the Superintendent of Documents, Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. at
prices given. Remittances should be made by
money order or in cash:
Geological History of Crater Lake, by J. S. Diller, 32

pages. 28 illustrations. 10 cents.
Forests of Crater Lake National Park, by J. F. Pernot.

40 pages. 26 illustrations. 20 cents.
Panoramic view of Crater Lake National Park; I6H by

18 inches. 25 cents.
National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard. 260

pages. 270 illustrations, descriptive of nine National

Parks. Pamphlet edition. 35 cents; book edition, 55 cents.

The following may be obtained from the
Director of the United States Geological Survey,
Washington, D. C. at price given.
Map of Crater Lake National Park; 1 9 by 22 ins.. 10 cents.

The following publications may be obtained
free on written application to the Director of the

National Park Service. Washington, D. C.. or by
personal application to the office of the superin
tendent of the park.

Circular of General Information Regarding Crater Lake

National Park.
Map showing location of National Parks and National

Monuments and railroad routes them..

U. S. R. R. Administration Publications
The following publications may be obtained

free on application to any consolidated ticket

office ; or apply to the Bureau of Service. National

Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau — West-
ern Lines 646 Transportation Bldg , Chicago. 111. :

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies

California for the Tourist

Colorado and Utah Rockies

Crater Lake National Park. Oregon

Glacier National Park. Montana

Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona

Hawaii National Park. Hawaiian Islands

Hot Springs National Park. Arkansas

Mesa Verde National Park. Colorado

Mount Rainier National Park. Washington

Northern Lakes — Wisconsin. Minnesota. Upper Michigan.
Iowa and Illinois

Pacific Northwest and Alaska

Petrified Forest National Monument. Arizona

Rocky Mountain National Park. Colorado

Sequoia and General Grant National Par' s, California

Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming. Montana. Idaho

Yosemite National Park. California

Zion National Monument, Utah

Distances from Crater Lake Lodge by road or trail to
principal points of Interest

Distance
and
Name General
Direction

Above
Sra
Le>el

Be»t Mean,
of Reaching

Remark.

Miles

Feet

LlaoRock. 8 north....

8.046

Auto, horse-

Point from which the

back, and

legendary Llao't

foot

body wa. thrown

into lake. All-day

Diamond

trip.

Lake 18 north..

Horseback..

Good fishing. Near

view of Mt. Theil-

Devil'.

.on.

Backbone 6.5 north

Auto

Fine view of forma-

tion and coloring of

Glacier

Glacier Peak.

Peak 6 north...
TheWatch-

8.156

Auto and foot

Highest point on rim
of lake: fine view.

man 5 north. ..

8,025

.do

Easy climb.

Garfield

Foot or hor.e-

Peak 1.25 ea.t...

8.060

back

Ea.y climb.

Vidae Cliff. 3 ea.t

8,135

Fine view. E*»y trip

by horse: 7 mile..

Sun Notch. 7ea»t

7.115

Auto and foot

Fine view of Phan-

tom Ship. W.Ik

1 mile. Ea.y trail.

Dutton

Cliff 9.5ea.t...

8.150

...do

Fine view; 7.5 miles

by auto. 2 on foot.

Sentinel

Rock.... I8ea.t...

Auto

Most comprehensive

view from rim.

Cloud Cap. 20 ea.t

...do

Fine drive and view.

Scott'.

Peak 22ea.t

8.839

Auto and fool

2 mile, by trail from

Cloud Cap. High-

Pinnacle.. 15.5 south-

est point in park.

east

A.ito

Grotesque forrha-

Garden of

tion*.

the God.

Dewey

Fall. 5 wuth

Ann*

Waterfalkmeadows.

Anna
Creek

pretty canyon..

Canyon. 10 to 13.5

south....

.do

Beautiful canyon.

MX) to 400 feet

Union Peak 10.5 wuth-

deep.

we»t

7.698

Auto and fool

Fine view of entire

Wizard
I.land.... 3.5 north

6.940

Boat and foot

park.
Extinct volcano.

crater in summit.

Trail to top and

Phantom

into crater.

Ship 3ea«t...

Grotesque lava- pin-
nacled island.

Page thirteen

Springs

Desert \\

j *:<

Crescent ** Bald Crater
R.dge 6" 74 it.

Desert Cone 0
eesi it.

O / /-
- / 0:

Timber Crater

7360 It.

O Oasis Butte

6685 II.

^"Grouse Hill
7401 It.

vation 6177 feet in 1908
Depth over 2000 feet
.•er 1000 feet high

The Watchm
8025 It.

j ^ CRATER LAKE LODGE
r"^" * -».

Ctttlt Pomt

OJOO It.

^S\ R. R. STA

I I k I \KI.

INATIONAI

PARK

I1, kirk

Shasta

CRATER LAKE
NATIONAL PARK

OREGON

Scale

__.__ Boundary
_^_ Automobile Roads
.. Trails

Page fourteen

The National Parks at a Glance

ted

States Railroad Administration

Director General of Railroads

For particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc., apply to any Railroad Ticket Agent, or to any
of the following Consolidated Ticket Offices:

West

Austin, Tex 521 Congress Ave.

Beaumont. Tex., Orleans and Pearl Sts.

Bremerton, Wash 224 Front St.

Butte, Mont 2 N. Main St.

Chicago, 111 179 W. Jackson St.

Colorado Springs, Colo.,

119 E. Pike's Peak Ave.

Dallas. Tex I 12-1 14 Field St.

Denver. Colo 601 17th St.

Des Moines. Iowa 403 Walnut St.

Duluth. Minn 334 W. Superior St.

El Paso. Tex. . .Mills and Oregon Sts.

Ft. Worth. Tex 702 Houston St.

Fresno, Cal J and Fresno Sts.

Galveston. Tex. 2 1st and Market Sts.

Helena. Mont 58 S. Main St.

Houston. Tex 904 Texas Ave.

Kansas City, Mo.,

Ry. Ex. Bldg.. 7th and Walnut Sts.

Lincoln. Neb. . . .
Little Rock. Ark
Long Beach, Ca' . .
Los Angeles, Ca..
Milwaukee. Wis . .

...104 N. 13th St.

202 W. 2d St.

L.A. & S.L. Station

.221 S. Broadway
. .99 Wisconsin St.

202 Sixth St.South

Annapolis. Md

54 Maryland Ave.

Atlantic City, N. J.. 1301 Pacific Ave.
Baltimore. Md. . . B. & O. R. R. Bldg.

Boston. Mass 67 Franklin St.

Brooklyn. N. Y 336 Fulton St.

Buffalo. N. Y.. Main and Division Sts.
Cincinnati, Ohio. .6th and Main Sts.
Cleveland. Ohio. .1004 Prospect Ave.

Columbus, Ohio 70 East Gay St.

Dayton. Ohio 19 S. Ludlow St

Minneapolis, Minn.. **,*. ^.A>... ^..._uu,...
Oakland. Cal. . . 13th St. and Broadway
Ocean Park. Cal. .Pacific Elec. Depot
Oklahoma City. Okla.,

131 W. Grand Ave

Omaha. Neb 1416 Dodge St.

Peoria. HI. .Jefferson and Liberty Sts.
Phoenix, Ariz..

Adams St. and Central Ave.
Portland, Ore., 3d and Washington Sts.

Pueblo. Colo 401-3 N. Union Ave.

St. Joseph. Mo 505 Francis St.

St. Louis, Mo.,

318-328 N. Broadway

East

Detroit, Mich. . 13 W. LaFayette Ave.
Evansville. Ind . L. Sc N. R. R. Bldg.
Grand Rapids. Mich . . . . 125 Pearl St.
Indianapolis. Ind.. 112-14 English Block

Montreal. Que 238 St. James St.

Newark. N. J.. Clinton and Beaver Sts.
New York. N. Y . . . . 64 Broadway
New York. N. Y . .57 Chambers St.

New York, N. Y 31 W. 32d St.

New York. N. Y I 14 W. 42d St.

South

St. Paul. Minn. .4th and Jackson Sts.
Sacramento, Cal .. ...80 IK Si.

Salt Lake City. Utah.

Main and S. Temple Sta.
San Antonio, Tex..

315-17 N. St. Mary's St.

San Diego. Cal 300 Broadway

San Franciso, Cal 50 Post St.

San Jose. Cal. .1st andSan FernandoSla.

Seattle. Wash 714-16 2d Ave.

Shreveport. La.,Milam and Market Sts.

Sioux City. Iowa 510 4th St.

Spokane. Wash..

Davenport Hotel. 815 Sprague Ave.
Tacoma. Wash .. I I I 7-19 Pacific Ave.

Waco. Tex 6th and Franklin Sts.

Whittier. Cal .. . .L. A. fit S. L. Station
Winnipeg. Man 226 Portage Ave.

Philadelphia. Pa..
Pittsburgh. Pa . . . .

Reading. Pa

Rochester. N. Y .
Syracuse. N. Y

Toledo, Ohio

Washington. D. C
Williamsport. Pa . .
Wilmington. Del. .

.1539 Chestnut St.
. . .Arcade Building
. ...16 N. Fifth St.
20 State St.

.335S. Warren St.
.320 Madison Ave.

. 1229 F St. N. W.

.4th and Pine Sts.
...905 Market St.

Asheville. N. C 14 S. Polk Square Lexington. Ky Union Station
Atlanta. Ga 74 Peachtree St. Louisville. Ky. . .4th and Market Sta.
Augusta Ga 81 1 Broad St. Lynchburg. Va 722 Main St.
tiirmineham Ala J 1st Ave KM i_- T* t-n HI \* • c*.

Paducah. Ky 430 Broadway
Pensacola Fla San Carlos Hotel

Raleigh. N. C 305 LaFayette St.
Richmond. Va 830 E. Main St
Savannah. Ga 37 Bull St.
Sheffield. Ala Sheffield Hotel
Tampa. Fla Hillsboro Hotel
Vicksburg. Miss. 13 19 Washington St.
Winslon-Salem. N. C.. 236 N. Main St.

nents address Bureau of Service,
,ines, 646 Transportation Bldg ,

c r- ' V^iL i tj i Memphis, lenn 60 N. Main bt.
(Charleston, b. (-....Charleston Hotel ** ,-| *i <; i Q a I Q»
Charlotte. N. C 22 S. Tryon St. JJobile. Ala ' ', R°ytl St;
Chattanooga. Tenn. .817 Market St. Montgomery. Ala. . .. Exchange Hotel
Columbia. S. C Arcade Building Nashville Tenn.. Independent Life Bldg.
Jacksonville. Fla 38 W. Bay St. New Orleans. La Si. Charles Hotel
Knoxville. Tenn 600 Gay St Norfolk Va Monticello Hotel

For detailed information regarding National Parks and Monu
National Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau — Western L
Chicago.

P a £ e fifteen

SEASON 1919

The «?ho*t-lik^ pinnacles in Sand Creek Canyon.
A forest of these giant monolith* crowd the canyon walls.

ill

GLACIER

Nationa.1 Park

O N A L

E Rl E S

DAWSON PASS
An intimate view from the summit of the Pass is obtained of the massive walls surrounding th= Two Medicine Valley

An Appreciation of

Glacier National Park

By Mary Roberts Rinehart

Author of "Tenting To-nigbt," "Through Glacier Park, " K", and Other Stories.

Written expressly for the United States Railroad Administration

F you are normal and philosophical, if you love your country, if you are
willing to learn how little you count in the eternal scheme of things, go
ride in the Rocky Mountains and save your soul.

There are no "Keep off the Grass" signs in Glacier National Park.
It is the wildest part of America. If the Government had not preserved it, it would
have preserved itself but you and I would not have seen it. It is perhaps the most
unique of all our parks, as it is undoubtedly the most magnificent. Seen from an
automobile or a horse, Glacier National Park is a good place to visit.

Here the Rocky Mountains run northwest and southeast, and in their glacier-
carved basins are great spaces; cool shadowy depths in which lie blue lakes; moun-
tain-sides threaded with white, where, from some hidden lake or glacier far above,
the overflow falls a thousand feet or more, and over all the great silence of the Rockies
Here nerves that have been tightened for years slowly relax.

Here is the last home of a vanishing race — the Blackfeet Indians. Here is the
last stand of the Rocky Mountain sheep and the Rocky Mountain goat; here are
elk, deer, black and grizzly bears, and mountain lions. Here are trails that follow
the old game trails along the mountain side; here are meadows of June roses, forget-
me-not, larkspur, and Indian paintbrush growing beside glaciers, snowfields and
trails of a beauty to make you gasp.

Here and there a trail leads through a snowfield; the hot sun seems to make no
impression on these glacier-like patches. Flowers grow at their very borders, striped
squirrels and whistling marmots run about, quite fearless, or sit up and watch the
passing of horses and riders so close they can almost be touched.

The call of the mountains is a real call. Throw off the impedimenta of civiliza-
tion. Go out to the West and ride the mountain trails. Throw out your chest and
breathe — look across green valleys to wild peaks where mountain sheep stand im-
passive on the edge of space. Then the mountains will get you. You will go back.
The call is a real call.

I have tr veled a great deal of Europe. The Alps have never held this lure for me.
Perhaps it is because these mountains are my own — in my own country. Cities
call — I have heard them. But there is no voice in all the world so insistent to me
as the wordless call of these mountains. I shall go back. Those who go once always
hope to go back. The lure of the great free spaces is in their blood.

Page t bree

To the American People:

Secretary of the Interior

Glacier National Park

]EYOND the golden grain fields
of the Dakotas, past the big
ranches of the cattle country
and adjoining the Blackfeet
Indian Reservation in north-
western Montana, is a segment of the
Rocky Mountains abutting the inter-
national boundary for thirty-five miles
and extending fifty miles south to the
railroad. The bold, grey perpendicular
peak with the oblong summit is Chief
Mountain — sacred to the Indians, because
according to the legend of the old Medi-
cine Men, this was "where the Great
Spirit lived when he made the world."

Within this area of fifteen hundred
square miles are more rugged mountain
peaks, more glaciers, more picturesque
lakes, more streams and waterfalls than
exist anywhere else in America in so con-
densed an area.

This is Glacier National Park.

Longer than the Red Man's legends or
memory serve, this tract of eroded, snow-
capped peaks, icy ravines, blue lakes,
trout-inhabited streams and alpine mead-
ows was the playground of the Blackfeet
and Piegan Indians. Here they found
elk, moose, deer, antelope, buffalo, bear,
big-horn sheep and the long-haired moun-
tain goat. The lakes and streams sup-

plied all the fish they required, while the
sarvisberries and huckleberries were
abundant on the sunny mountain slopes.

Today this is your playground. The
United States Government purchased it
from the Indians so that you might enjoy
its attractions. It became a National
Park May II, 1910.

National Parks have been created by
Congress for various reasons: To reserve
for the people the wonders of natural
phenomena; to provide free access to
the waters of medicinal springs; to pre-
serve the interesting architecture of a
prehistoric race, or to furnish vacation
playgrounds located where Nature has
been unusually generous in assembling
her scenic gems.

Glacier National Park is in the last
category. Above everything else it is a
summer playground for the people, ap-
pealing to that human emotion so aptly
expressed by Jack London in the title of
his interesting book, "The Call of the
Wild."

Of course the glaciers are the head-
liners for Glacier National Park. They
are a great attraction for the average
tourist, who knows that glaciers are un-
common things and reminiscent of the
earlier mighty earth processes. Here one

Page J our

©F.H.Kiter ICEBERG LAKE

Huge chunk* of ice break off the glacier, and in July and August Iceberg Lake is a miniature Polar Sea

K. E. Marble

Walking and hoi

TOURISTS "HIT THE TRAIL"
ie trails radiate in every direction from Many Glacier

not only sees them in action, but also
sees what they have done in ages past.

Contains Three-Score Glaciers

In Glacier Park may be seen, in all
the majesty of their rock- bound settings,
the remnants of the massive ice sheets
that played a big part in shaping the
surface of the earth millions of years ago.

Not one or two, but dozens of them are
clinging to the sides of the scarred and
serrated ridges of the Continental Divide,
where they spread out like a string of
pearls glistening in the sun.

On summer days these glaciers are fur-
rowed with thousands of threads of
water — innumerable little rills — which
run and sparkle over their surfaces like
fine threads of quicksilver. Finally they
join the larger streams which go plunging
over the moisture-laden, flower-strewn,
grassy slopes into the milky-blue waters
of the lakes hundreds of feet below.

A glacier has three characteristics: It
is ice, the ice must be moving, and it
must have moved sufficiently to have
formed a moraine, consisting of rocks,
earth and debris which the glacier has
pushed ahead of it or thrown to each
side in its forward movement. The im-
mobility of a glacier is only apparent. It
is living. It moves and advances with-

Page six

ted

out ceasing. Winter is the season of re-
pose for the glaciers. In the spring, all
their life and activity return. The warm-
er the weather, the more activity they
develop.

Interest in the glaciers soon leads
enthusiasm over the scenic effects create
as a result of the prehistoric glacial ac-
tion, and nowhere in America is this so
strikingly displayed. In fact, it is the
result of this glacial action of the past
combined with one other unusual geologi-
cal formation, known as the Lewis Over-
thrust Fault, that makes Glacier National
Park the beauty spot it is today.

The Great Uplift of the Lewis
Overthrust

Geologists teach that an overthrust
fault is a displacement of earth strata
whereby one layer of rock overlaps an-
other. It is the result of pressures far
below the surface of the earth.

As the earth's crust contracted during
the long ages of the past, pressures from
within caused a bulging in places, very
much as the sides of an orange will bulge
when squeezed. This terrific pressure
gradually pushed up the rocks and earth
and formed the mountain ranges. In a
few places the pressure was sufficient to
break through the crust. This is what

TWO MEDICINE LAKES
The exquisite grouping of mountains around the lakes give this basin a marked individuality

happened in what is now Glacier Na-
tional Park. When the earth's crust
could stand the pressure no longer, one
edge was thrust upward and tumbled for-
ward over the other edge; when it settled,
the western edge of this break overlapped
the eastern edge ten to fifteen miles, and
was thousands of feet high, extending
along a front of forty miles.

As a result of this upheaval, there are
several places in the Park, notably at
Chief Mountain, where the oldest stratum
of rock is found on top of the mountain
and the newest stratum at the bottom.
This has been named the Lewis Over-
thrust. 1 1 is one of the largest in the world
and is of great interest to scientists.

It is interesting to trace the course of
the Lewis Overthrust. It practically
forms the eastern edge of the Park, and is
plainly outlined on the topographic maps
issued by the United States Geological
Survey. Starting at a point on the rail-
road just south of Fielding, it extends in
a northerly direction almost to the in-
ternational boundary, and in a general
way follows a line parallel to the Con-
tinental Divide.

The Carving of the Rocks

Later came the glacial period, and the
moving out of the great ice sheets which

covered this part of the earth for untold
ages. As the vast ice masses moved down
the slopes of this precipitous wall, they
gouged deep furrows that formed valleys,
and cut and chiseled the highly-colored
rocks, tearing away the softer parts, and
swerving from their courses when they
encountered resistance of the harder rock
masses.

The Lewis Overthrust Fault gave the
glaciers a wonderful opportunity. The
grinding and carving by the huge ice
masses, followed by erosion during thou-
sands of years of exposure to the ele-
ments, have created fantastic effects.
Much of the exposed rock is very highly
colored, red and green mixed with blue-
grey. In due course of the slow centu-
ries came the change of climate, which
brought with it grass, trees, flowers and
other vegetation, so that today this re-
gion is a veritable symphony of water,
rock and foliage. It is in the marvelous
grouping and massing of these colorful
effects that Glacier Park makes such a
strong appeal.

It will be seen, therefore, that this ti-
tanic Overthrust fault, which occurred
millions of years ago, is the primary rea-
son for Glacier National Park today. It
is the distinguishing feature that differen-
tiates this part of the Rockies from all

Page seven

®F.H.Kisfr TRAIL OVER SWIFTCURRENT PASS

From Swiftcurrent Pass marvelous views are obtained of stupendous granite walls and turquoise blue lake

Page eight

other mountain regions in North America.
The result is that the visitor entering
Glacier Park finds a land of enormous
hollowed basins or cirques, separated from
each other by saw-tooth edged walls. In
many cases these walls are nearly per-
pendicular and rise two to four thousand
feet above the floor of the basin. Espe-
cially fine examples are to be seen at
Cracker Lake, Iceberg Lake, and Ava-
lanche Basin.

These glacial cirques are a striking
feature of Glacier National Park. They
are huge pockets or U-shaped basins that
are actually carved out of the rock by the
constant grinding of the moving glaciers.

A Mass of Majestic Mountain
Peaks

The main range of the Rockies extends
north and south through the Park, the
Continental Divide being almost in its
center, and forming a natural wall which
divides the Park into halves.

It is the east side that presents the
most stupendous scenic effects. Some
idea of the magnitude of this mountain
realm is indicated by the number of peaks
within its narrow confines. There are 83
named mountains having an altitude of
from 7,000 to 10,000 feet, and four ex-
ceeding 10,000 feet — the highest being
Mt. Cleveland, 10,438 feet. They are
huddled together as though they tried to
crowd each other out of the way in their
effort to reach the clouds. From the
summit of Swiftcurrent Mountain over
forty of these peaks can be counted from
one viewpoint.

Irregular in outline, fantastic in shape,
and always spectacular, they have one
characteristic in common — the abruptness
with which they rise from the shore of
lake or floor of valley. No need here to
walk over rolling foothills several miles
to reach a mountain. There are no foot-
hills; one is close to the mountains all
the time. There is opportunity here to
get acquainted with these mountains —
intimately acquainted — from the com-
fortable cushions of an automobile or the
sunny decks of a smooth-running launch.
Their lure is as elusive as it is fascinating.
Never does one see them twice the same.
Under constantly changing atmospheric
conditions they vary their tones from
light blue to deep purple, from brilliant

red to faint rose, softened by the rich
green foliage on the (ower levels.

The upper slopes are above timber line;
the lower slopes, and the valleys not oc-
cupied by lakes and streams, are crowded
with forests, green and inviting. From
the front porches of the hotels and chalets
magnificent pictures are presented of
mountain peaks, snowfields, glaciers,
lakes, canyons and forests, grouped and
massed in delicate yet bewildering com-
binations.

An Amazing Array of Mountain
Lakes

The lakes perhaps are the one feature
that appeals to more persons than any
other phase of Glacier Park's varied at-
tractions. Lakes everywhere -long and
narrow lakes — round and irregular lakes
—little blue ponds in mountain pockets,
and long silvery ribbons in narrow valleys.

Lake St. Mary, with its stately, cres-
cent-shaped mountain frame, almost a
mile above the surface, is fed by melting
ice and snow from Blackfeet Glacier. 1 1
is the largest lake on the east side, while
Lake McDonald is the gem of the west
side of the Park. Both lakes are long,
narrow and very deep, with mountains
rising from their shores. It is on these
lakes that one can cruise in comfortable
launches, or from a rowboat try his luck
with a fly casting rod in the shadows of
the pines.

Two Medicine Lake is somewhat
smaller, and has both symmetry and dig-
nity. The surrounding peaks bathe their
red granite summits in the azure sky and
their green bases in the soft blue waters.

Grinnell, Josephine, McDermott,
Gunsight, Ellen Wilson and Cracker
Lakes each has its individual charm, but
Iceberg Lake is the most interesting. The
warmer the weather the more ice there is
in the lake. Iceberg Glacier projects its
face into the lake, and day after day dur-
ing the summer this ice field crumbles
along the front, great chunks breaking
off and sliding into the water to float
around on the bosom of the lake — hun-
dreds of them, oftentimes. Flowers and
foliage growing along the shores add to
the charm of this unique place, where
summer and winter meet.

There are many other lakes. The United
States Geological Survey has mapped two

P c g t nine

This cone shaped peak stands like

GRINNELL MOUNTAIN
sentinel at the entrance to the S\

'iftcurrent and Cataract Valleys

hundred and fifty. From trail and road
they peer at one from all sides. They are
low in the canyons and high on the moun-
tains. They reflect the peaks, trees and
rocks in their blue waters during the day,
and at evening time absorb the glow of
the setting sun, as though trying to dis-
pel the night chill from the waters.

\ Million-

(»arden

For profusion and variety: the wild
flowers of Glacier Park must share honors
with the lakes. In the valleys, along the
shores of lakes and streams, on the moun-
tain passes, oftentimes on the very edge
of snowfields and glaciers, wild flowers
add their variegated hues to the green
foliage and the harsher colors in the rocks.
More than one hundred varieties of wild
flowers are native to the Park. Canyon
Creek, Cracker Lake, Piegan Pines, Grin-
nell Lake, Logan Pass and Granite Park
are a few of the places especially noted
for plant life.

Below are some of the prominent varie-
ties of wild flowers, berries, and grasses
seen along the roads and trails:

Indian paint brush, mountain lilies,
asters, walking cane, yellow dog-tooth
violet, wild hollyhock, clematis, syringa,
queen's cup, bluebell, twin flower, star of
the morning, lupin, yellow columbine,

blue larkspur and false forget-me-not;
huckleberry, pigeonberry and thimble-
berry; beargrass, sweetgrass and bearweed.

The Oldest Inhabitants

Creatures of the wild are in evidence
at every turn of the road or trail. Black
and brown bears are often seen, generally
near the chalets and hotels, and occasion-
ally will pose for the photographer. There
are also "silvertips" or grizzly bears.

The Rocky Mountain goat is perhaps
the most interesting of the large wild
animals. This sure-footed climber pre-
fers the higher altitudes on the mountain
slopes, and seldom descends low enough
to give the tourist a "close-up." They
can be seen moving along the narrow
rock ledges and are easily distinguished
by their coats of long white hair, which
sharply contrast with the rocks.

The big-horn, or Rocky Mountain
sheep, is more friendly, also more inquisi-
tive. He will occasionally pause in his
feeding to gaze at a passing party of tour-
ists, apparently quite unafraid, and
exhibiting a curious interest in his dis-
turbers.

Elk and deer may be seen trotting
along the trail, or on the shore of some
lake or stream where they come down
to drink.

Pane ten

i.ser UPPER ST. MARY LAKE

From the porches of the chalet, a marvelous view is obtained of Going-to-the-Sun Mountain and the
embattled peaks at the head of the valley

The small animals, such as porcupines,
whistling marmots and mountain or pack
rats, are interesting and harmless. The
whistling marmot is invariably encoun-
tered above timber line, especially on the
passes. Large families live in tunnels and
caves in rocks. They always have a sen-
tinel on watch, and when disturbed by
passing tourists, they warn each other by
their whistle, which is a splendid imita-
tion of a small boy signaling his chum to
come out to play.

Where the Fighting Trout Leap
High

Several species of mountain trout in-
habit most of the lakes and streams. The
principal varieties are the cut-throat
(otherwise known as the native or black-
spotted trout), rainbow, Dolly Varden,
eastern brook and Mackinaw trout. The
cut-throat and eastern brook are the favor-
ites of trout fishermen. They are both
very game, very shy, and at times require
considerable coaxing, but they strike
quickly and are hard fighters. These fish
sometimes attain a weight of six pounds.

Mackinaw trout are found only in St.
Mary Lake. They have been taken weigh-
ing thirty-five pounds; ten to fifteen pound
Mackinaw trout are quite common. They
are not as good fighters as the smaller vari-

eties, but for excitement make up in weight
what they lack in fighting qualities.

The Dolly Varden and rainbow trout
are confined to a few lakes and the larger
streams, and are not caught as frequently
as the other varieties.

Practically all fishing is done by cast-
ing with a fly rod, using artificial flies or
sometimes salmon eggs for bait.

Home of Blackfeet Indians

The Blackfeet and Piegan Indians have
left a lasting impress of their occupation
of this region, as the names of many of the
mountains, lakes and waterfalls still bear
the original Indian names, such as Rising
Wolf, Going-to-the-Sun and Almost-a-
Dog mountains, Morning Eagle Falls,
and Two Medicine Lakes. They also con-
tributed to the mysticism and romance of
the country by the tales of their early day
ceremonies in the walled-in valleys, their
hunting exploits on the prairies, and the
religious significance they attach to sev-
eral of the high peaks.

From the days when the Indians
roamed the vast prairies to the east, and
their hunting ground extended from the
Missouri River on the south to the Sask-
atchewan River in Canada this region was
known to them as the "Land of Shining
Mountains."

Page eleven

MANY GLACIER HOTEL
At the end of the auto road is Many Glacier Hotel, the focal point for trips over miles of mountain trails

The Lure of Glacier Park

Glacier National Park has no frivolous
sideshows for garrulous trippers, no
Coney Island attractions. There are
other canyons as deep and other moun-
tains as high; but those who have roamed
the world with eyes open sincerely say
that in no other place they have seen has
Nature so condensed her wonders and
run riot with such utter abandon; in no
other place has she carved and hewn with
such unrestrained fancy, and scattered
her jewels with so reckless a hand.

Here the Rocky Mountains tumble and
froth like a wind-whipped tide, as they
careen off to the northwest. This is the
fountain head of the Continent, with its
triple watershed — the beginning of little
and big things. Huddled close together
are tiny streams, the span of a hand in
width, that miles and miles away to the
north, south and west, flow as mighty
rivers into Hudson Bay, the Gulf of
Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

Two hundred and fifty lakes in valley,
glacial cirque and mountain pocket flash
back to the sky the blue and green hues

they borrowed from it. Hundreds of
waterfalls cascade from their sources on
glacial field or everlasting snow in mighty
torrents or milky -white traceries; rain-
bows flicker and vanish in the ever-
changing play of the waters, while the
bright Montana sun does tricks of light
and shade on tree and rock.

High up on some gale-swept crag the
mountain goat pauses for a moment and
plunges from view. Lower down the big-
horn sheep treads his sure-footed way;
the clownish bear shuffles to his huckle-
berry patch; and in the blue of the heav-
ens, between mountain peak and sun, the
bald eagle sails his rounded course, peer-
ing down for the timid creature beneath
the leaves or in the shadow of the rocks.
And all is as it was thousands of years
ago, except for some man-tracks here and
there, where the road winds around the
base of mountain and over ridge; where
the mark of a trail leaves its faint trace
on the surface, or the blue smoke curling
up from the stone chimney of chalet or
hotel indicates that man has appropri-
ated it to his uses.

Page t ii> e It t

GLACIER PARK HOTEL
The hotel at the Eastern gateway is of unique architecture The Indians call if the "Big Trees Lodge"

Entering at Glacier Park Station

Eastern Gateway

LACIER PARK station, Montana,
is the eastern and principal en-
trance to the Park. Adjacent to
the railroad station is Glacier Park
Hotel, the gateway hostelry and
starting point for trips farther
north. It is a short walk along wide poppy-
bordered paths, through the gateway arch to the
hotel office. The architecture of this mammoth
structure is what might be called the "forestry"
type — the striking feature being the immense
logs of Douglas fir and cedar used as supporting
pillars, inside and out. Many of these logs are
forty-two feet high and several measure five
feet in diameter; they extend from basement
to roof.

The building, containing nearly two hundred
rooms, is in two large units connected by a long,
roofed-over observation room, with large plate
glass windows facing the mountains. On one
side is Midvale Creek, a pretty little trout stream,
and on the other side, within a few hundred
yards, is Two Medicine River. From the
porches of the hotel can be seen a dozen moun-
tains guarding the entrance to the Two Medicine
Valley— Mt. Henry, Papoose, Bearhead, Squaw
and Basin Mountains being the principal ones.
To the east are the broad open plains of the
Blackfeet Indian Reservation.

From Glacier Park Hotel four attractive auto
trips may be made, as the automobile highway
starts here. The one-day trip to Going-to-the-Sun
Chalets on St. Mary Lake is always popular.
This ten-hour ride presents over 100 miles of the
main range of the Rockies, a panorama from

Divide Mountain south to Heart Butte. There
is an afternoon trip to Two Medicine Lakes and
Chalets, and the Cut Bank Canyon trip to Cut
Bank Chalets. The five-hour auto tour to Many
Glacier brings within the tourist's vision a com-
bination of more mountain peaks, lakes, glaciers,
and snow-capped summits than can be seen
in the same length of time anywhere in this
country.

A good trail to Two Medicine Lake goes over
Mt. Henry. From the top of this mountain a
dozen peaks can be seen and a splendid view ob-
tained of the entire Two Medicine Valley, half a
mile below.

The Two Medicine Valley

"The-river-where-the-two-medicine-lodges-
were-built" is the way the Indians designated the
stream that drains the three lakes of the Two
Medicine Valley. There are several versions of
this legend of the Two Medicine Lodges, but all
agree that many years ago there was factional
strife in the Blackfeet Tribe and the two con-
tending parties each built a medicine lodge on
the banks of this river.

Nothing in the Park excels the Two Medicine
Valley in beauty of mountain grouping. Three
fair-sized lakes in a chain, all at different alti-
tudes, form the central stage, while grouped
around them are a dozen splendid mountains of
which Rising Wolf, with its red granite top 95 1 0
feet in the air, easily is monarch.

The middle lake is reached by the automobile
road, ending at the Two Medicine Chalets, artis-
tically grouped on the lake shore in the shadow

Page thirteen

of Rising Wolf. At the head of the lake is Mt.
Rockwell (9505 feet), flanked on one side by Mt.
Helen and Pumpelly's Pillar, and on the other
by Mt. Grizzly.

Two Medicine Lake affords fine trout fishing.
the favorite spot being at the outlet just below
the chalets. Cut-throat and eastern brook trout
are abundant in this lake and in Two Medicine
River below Trick Falls.

Trick Falls is located two miles from the
chalets and the automobiles stop long enough to
give passengers an opportunity to walk up the
trail a few hundred feet, where a good view is
obtainable. Dawson Pass, the summit of Mt.
Henry, upper Two Medicine Lake, and the Dry
Fork Trail over Mt. Morgan and Cut Bank Pass
to the Cut Bank Chalets, are the principal trail
trips from Two Medicine Chalets.

In the Cut Bank Canyon

Whichever way one enters the Cut Bank Can-
yon. whether down the valley from the summit
of Cut Bank Pass, or following the winding auto
road up the river, one is impressed by the quiet
restfulness of the place. The Cut Bank River
has its source in a small glacier near the summit
of the Pass. A series of three wide plateaux has
enabled the trail-builders to make the descent to
the floor of the valley by easy stages. On the
upper plateau two tiny blue lakes are seen — the
first well-defined headwaters of the river.

It is only a few miles from the summit down
to the Chalets, the trail passing through many
open parks, and crossing the stream several times.
There are numerous pools in the bends of the
river and the beavers have built dams here and
there, making fine hiding places for the wary cut-
throat trout, that is a native of this stream.

Cut Bank Chalets are an over-night stop for
trail parties moving between Two Medicine and
St. Mary. 1 1 is also reached by automobile from
Glacier Park 1 lotel.

Above the Chalets a trail forks to the right, and
following this will bring one to the Triple Divide,
the most interesting peak in the Park.

The Triple Divide

} lere is perhaps the most interesting geological
formation in America a three-sided mount, itti
from whose summit the waters flow north to
Hudson Bay. south to the Gulf of Mexico and
west to the Pacific Ocean. It is not imaginary.
A walk of about a mile from the place where the
trail crosses the pass will bring one to the top of
the Triple Divide, and from here the courses of
the three tiny streams can be traced from their
source for miles and miles down the valley, on
their way to three different oceans.

It is literally true that if a person standing on
the summit of this three-sided mountain spills a
cup of water it wr \ild find its way to three corners
of the continent.

Th* St. M.ir> 1 aki's ami the

I merging from the dense timber along the
automobile road, one gets the first comprehensive
idea of Glacier National Park as the mountains
massed at the head of St. Mary Valley suddenly
are exposed to view

Here are two narrow, ribbon-like bodies of
water — the St. Mary Lakes. The upper lake is
ten miles long, with the mountains rising ab-
ruptly from the shores; at the lower end of this
lake are the St. Mary Chalets — the fourth group
in the chain of places operated by the Hotel
Company.

On the south shore of the lake. Red Eagle and
Little Chief Mountains project their ship-like
prows into the water. On the north shore Single-
shot. Goat and Whitefish Mountains expose their
red. green and purple hues to the mirror-like
surface of the lake. Far up the valley the tilted
cone of Fusilade Mountain disputes the right of
way to Gunsight Pass, and Reynolds Peak, with
its green slopes, is strongly contrasted against
the frosted summit of the Continental Divide.

A day's journey from St. Mary Chalets is Red
Eagle Lake, celebrated among fishermen for its
large cut-throat trout.

At St. Mary Chalets a sturdy launch, capable
of carrying one hundred passengers, is waiting.
and transfer from the automobiles is made by
passengers taking the side trip to Going-to-the-
Sun Chalets at the head of the lake. Here, per-
haps, the loveliest, single picture in the park — in
fact, many who are competent to judge, say. in
the world — is to be seen from the chalet porches.

The Region of Going-to-the-Sun
Mountain

If there is one mountain above all others in
Glacier National Park whose overpowering per-
sonality impresses itself on the memory of the
sightseer, it is Going-to-the-Sun. This is partly
due to the fact that an excellent view of its classic
outlines may be had from all sides.

If one were standing on its summit. 9584 feet
above sea level, he would look almost straight
down nearly one mile into St. Mary Lake. The
unusual name has no connection with the height
of the mountain or its imposing cathedral-type
architecture. It is an inaccurate translation of
an Indian name.

Many years ago. according to the Indian
legend, the Sun Father sent his representative.
Sour Spirit, to the Piegans and Blackfeet to
teach them all the useful arts — how to make a
tepee, tan the hides of the wolf and elk. from
which to manufacture moccasins and clothing,
and other useful things. He showed them how
to make bows and arrows that would kill the elk.
deer and buffalo, and assure them plenty to eat.

Sour Spirit lived with them a long time, but
was finally called back to the lodge of his father
in the sun. In order that his good work and
teachings would not be forgotten, he caused the
likeness of his face to be placed on the side of
this mountain. It may be seen there today in
the form of a great snow field, the outline of
which strongly resembles an Indian face with the
head dressed in a war bonnet. Ever since that
time the Indians have called it "Mah-tah-pee-o-
stook-sis-meh-stuk." which means "The moun-
tain-with- the-face-of -Sour-Spirit-who-has-gone-
back-to-the-sun."

A stop of a few days must be made if one takes
the trail trips described below.

Sexton Glacier, hanging high on the mountain
side, is in plain view from the deck of the launch.
It is a popular side trip from Going-to-the Sun

©F.H.Kiser GOING-TO-THE-SUN MOUNTAIN

The classic outlines of this mountain are revealed from every side. The summit is nearly one mile above the water

P age fifteen

t:? "

IN THE MAI
Grinnell Glacier. The Garden Wall. Gould Mountain and Josephine Lake — «

Page s i x t e e

REGION
water, rock and foliage it has taken Nature millions of years to compose

The water discharges from a subterranean passage, but during the flood stage it also comes over the top

Pant rifhtren

Chalets to Sexton Glacier. A very pretty trail
follows Baring Creek, and horses may be ridden
to the very edge of the ice. West of the chalets
is Gunsight Lake. From the foot of this lake it
is a short climb to Blackfeet Glacier, the largest,
and in many respects the most interesting, of all
the glaciers in the Park to explore.

Over Gunsight Pass to Sperry
Glacier

At Gunsight Lake the trail starts up the steep
slopes of Mt. Jackson toward Gunsight Pass,
from the summit of which an expansive view both
east and west is unfolded; two thousand feet
below is Gunsight Lake, on the east side, and
Lake Ellen Wilson, on the west side. Swinging
along the shale-rock slopes above Lake Ellen
Wilson, and over the Lincoln Divide, the trail
descends suddenly into a circular basin to the
Sperry Glacier Chalets. Continuing, it again
drops down the side of Mt. Edwards to Lake
McDonald. It is practically a day's journey
from Going-to-the-Sun Chalets to Sperry Glacier
Chalets, either on foot or with horses, and about
a three-hour trip from Sperry to Lake McDonald.

If a trip up to the glacier is planned, it will be
necessary to stop at the chalets over night.

Over Piegan Pass to Many Glacier

Another well traveled route from Going-to-the-
Sun Chalets is over Piegan Pass trail, which starts
directly west, following the lake shore to the
north fork of the St. Mary River. Here it swings
to the right, and by means of many turns around
the forest-covered benches, ascends the west
side of Going-to-the-Sun Mountain, finally reach-
ing the depression in the connecting wall between
Cataract and Siyeh mountains, known as Piegan
Pass. Here is one of those matchless, incom-
parable scenes which words fail to portray.
Blackfeet Glacier to the south, its five square
miles of snow and ice in line of vision, displays
a glistening array of blue, green and pinkish
hues, as the sun penetrates crevasse and fissure.
This is the trail route to the Many Glacier
region.

Lunch boxes are unpacked at Piegan Pines, at
the edge of the timber line, below the summit of
the pass. In this tiny mountain park of a few
acres can at certain seasons be found more than
two dozen varieties of flowers.

Descending the north side of the mountain,
the trail winds down and around Morning Eagle
Falls to Cataract Creek. From here on it is very
picturesque, circling along the base of Gould
Mountain to Grinnell Lake, and thence along the
shore of Josephine Lake and Lake McDermott
to Many Glacier Hotel.

The New Logan Pass Trail

During the summer of 1918 a new trail was
completed across the Continental Divide, known
as Logan Pass Trail. It is intensely scenic, and
easy to travel either afoot or on horseback.

Leaving Going-to-the-Sun Chalets, this trail
branches to the left four miles out on the Piegan
Pass trail and strikes up Reynolds Creek, past
the shelf glacier which sprinkles its waters on a
narrow fertile bench called the Hanging Gardens,
on the east side of Mt. Reynolds, to a little
plateau between Pollock and Oberlin Mountains.
The summit of the pass and the approaches to

it are literally covered with wild flowers. From
the western slope the trail continues along the
Garden Wall — a high, thin, saw-tooth ridge — to
Granite Park Chalets.

The Many Glacier Region

Returning now to the automobile highway at
St. Mary Chalets, the journey continues along
the shores of lower St. Mary Lake and up the
Swiftcurrent valley to Many Glacier Hotel.

From the automobile the tourist gets a com-
prehensive view of Chief Mountain, Yellow.
Appekunny and Altyn Mountains on the right
of the road as the Swiftcurrent Valley is entered,
while at the left Boulder Ridge, Point Mountain,
and Mt. Al'en keep changing their outlines as
the auto progresses along the winding road.

The mountains become more spectacular, and
their height is magnified, as the valley gradually
contracts. The road apparently is approaching
a solid stone wall thousands of feet high, and it
would appear that no other exit from this narrow
valley could possibly be made except by the same
route that one enters.

It is, however, due to the number and variety
of side trips from this scenic center that the
Many Glacier Region has become the principal
focal point for trail trips.

Ahead of the tourist are the massive, impen-
etrable-looking walls of the Continental Divide.
The mountain commanding the center of the
picture is Grinnell; to the left of that is Gould
Mountain, easily recognized by the wide band of
colored rock near the top, and its roof-like for-
mation.

High up on the Garden Wall, the thin ridge
connecting the two, is Grinnell Glacier. It is a
shapely glacier — not forbidding and repellant —
but inviting and friendly. The music of its
cataracts calls to the tourists to come and play
in its front yard among the flowers, rocks and
moss on the terminal moraine.

To the right of Grinnell Mountain is Swift-
current Mountain, and in a depression or saddle
between these two is Swiftcurrent Pass.

The little Swiss-type log buildings on the right
of the road are the Many Glacier Chalets, and
crossing the rustic bridge below McDermott
Falls, the road swings around a shoulder of rock
— an offshoot of Mt. Allen — ending on the shores
of Lake McDermott at Many Glacier Hotel.

From the front porches of this hotel, an in-
spiring mountain panorama is spread before the
tourist, and those who find the walking and
horseback tours too strenuous take a deep de-
light in the ever-changing picture to be seen from
the hotel itself.

From here trails radiate in several directions
and the question for the tourist to decide is
which trip to make first. A comparatively short
and easy side jaunt is that to Iceberg Lake, a
two-hour journey from the hotel.

A Miniature Polar Sea

Iceberg Lake is a miniature Polar sea. This
unique body of water makes a vivid impression.
The little turquoise lake, covering perhaps 100
acres, is backed up with a head wall 3,000 feet
above the surface of the water. It is never free
from ice. During the warm days of July and
August, huge chunks of ice break off the face of

Page nineteen

the glacier at the head of the lake and these
icebergs float around for days before they melt
or become sufficiently small to find their way over
the falls at the outlet. This is a good place to
get a view of mountain goats and big-horn sheep.
They are frequently seen working their way along
the ledges, feeding on the grass and moss.

Up Canyon Creek to Cracker Lake

In the opposite direction from the hotel is
another favorite trip. The Cracker Lake trail
follows Canyon Creek to its source in Cracker
Lake at the head of the canyon formed by the
high walls of Mt. Allen and Siyeh Mountain.
The trail is a fascinating one, crossing and re-
crossing the turbulent twistings of Canyon
Creek. It is well for the tourist to take a fish
rod along and try matching his skill against the
mountain trout in the stream and lake. The
canyon ends abruptly, further progress being
blocked by the highly colored perpendicular wall
of Siyeh Mountain.

Grinnell Lake and Glacier

Grinnell. Josephine and McDermott form a
chain of glacier-fed lakes, the water source being
the melted snow and ice of Grinnell Glacier.
The trail skirts the edges of the lakes and it is a
trip of but a few hours to the upper, or Grinnell
Lake. Discharging from the face of Grinnell
Glacier, three large cataracts tumble their waters
down the steep slope into the lake. The milky
appearance of the water indicates it is of glacial
origin. The color is due to the fine silt and
pulverized rock, the result of movement of the
glacier.

Piegan Pass and Morning Eagle Falls

Piegan Pass trail is built along the west side of
Mt. Allen, following the contour of the valley, to
Grinnell Lake, and crossing a small wooded
ridge, continues along Cataract Creek to Morn-
ing Eagle Falls. The trip from Many Glacier
Hotel to Morning Eagle Falls and return is rec-
ommended to those who do not care for the
higher altitudes. The trail, by means of switch-
backs, makes its way above the falls to the sum-
mit of the Pass. From here it follows the shale-
rock slopes down to the timber line on Going-to-
the-Sun mountain and continues on to St. Mary
Lake and Going-to-the-Sun Chalets. This is a
trip of many marvelous miles of stupendous
mountain scenery. From the summit of the
Pass. Blackfeet Glacier is seen sparkling in the
sunlight backed by the irregular peaks of Jack-
son. Almost-a-dog. Citadel and Blackfeet moun-
tains.

Over Swiftcurrent Pass

John Muir says: "Few places in the world are
more dangerous than home. Fear not, therefore,
to try the mountain passes. They kill care, save
you from deadly apathy, set you free and call
forth every faculty into vigorous, enthusiastic
action."

No one should fail to go over Swif tcurrent Pass.
A splendid trail from Many Glacier Hotel wan-
ders along the Swiftcurrent River, between Grin-
nell and Wilbur Mountains to the foot of Swift-

current Mountain. Here it zig-zags up to Rocky
Point, a sharp, projecting shoulder ot the moun-
tain. From the summit of thia point, about two-
thirds of the distance to the pass, an impressive
view is obtained. Looking east down the Swift-
current valley, nine lakes can be counted, the last
one — Duck Lake — being twenty miles to the east
on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation. Another
mile brings one to the summit of the pass, and
after crossing several large snow patches that re-
fuse to submit to the rays of Old Sol, a signboard
indicates that an altitude of 7 1 56 feet above
level has been attained — the top of the pass.

Several shelf glaciers have been seen onthewa
clinging to the east side of the mountain. De-
scending the west side, a few minutes' ride, an
two small stone chalets come into view,
are the Granite Park chalets.

Granite Park and Vicinity

The trip to Granite Park chalets and back
be made in one day, but to appreciate the beauty
of the region no less than two days should be de-
voted to it, as there are some short walking trips
radiating from the Granite Park chalets.

Another longer trip is the three-day triangle
trip — leaving Many Glacier Hotel the first day
and going over Swiftcurrent Pass to Granite
Park; on the second day going over Logan Pass
to Going-to-the-Sun Chalets; and on the third
day returning via Piegan Pass to Many Glac
Hotel.

Granite Park is a wide plateau bulging from
the west side of the Continental wall, 6500 feet
above sea level, at the edge of the timber line.
Ahead of it is the wide, heavily-timbered Mc-
Donald Valley. Directly across the deep green
valley is Heaven's Peak, whose stately outlines
are enhanced by the snow clinging to its sides like
fine lint. A trail to the south takes one over Lo-
gan Pass to Going-to-the-Sun Chalets; a foot
trail leads to the Garden Wall, where one can see
over the top of the wall, and look far down the
Swiftcurrent and Cataract valleys, and onto
Grinnell Glacier below.

A Tumbled Mass of Peaks

rea

ay,

ana

utte.

Another foot trail, requiring a walk of about an
hour to the top of Swiftcurrent Mountain, will
spread before the tourist one of the broadest, and
most inspiring views in any land. To the sout
beyond the goat-haunted ledges of the Ga
Wall, the embattled summits of Haystack But
Mt. Pollock, Mt. Brown, Oberlin and Cannon
Mountains appear as a jumbled collection of
discarded fortresses. To the north there is the
same extravagant piling-up of resplendent, lofty
ridges, the same unequal line of spires and peaks,
of points and crags — their deep sun-protected
recesses, vast receptacles for the inevitable masses
of eternal snow.

Another fifteen-minute walk takes one to
Rosenwald Ridge, just north of the chalets. Here
an excellent view of Mt. Cleveland is obtained, as
well as Trapper Peak. Vulture Peak, and other
mountains to the north and west. Trails also
lead from here to Lake McDonald on the South,
and north to Waterton Lake.

Page twenty

The mountain framing of the upper end of the lake is of distinctively Alpine character

Page t w en ty -one

LEWIS' (GLACIER) HOTEL
Located on beautifully wooded slopes at the upper end of Lake McDonald are modern resort facilities

Entering the Park at Belton

Western Gateway

Belton, Montana, is the railroad station at the
western entrance to the Park. The Belton Cha-
lets near the station provide accommodations for
tourists waiting for trains or stage connections.
An auto stage makes regular trips to the foot of
Lake McDonald, connecting with launch service
for resorts at the head of the lake. A wide ma-
cadam road, built through a forest of heavy cedar
and spruce, leads to the foot of Lake McDonald,
three miles north of Belton.

At the lower end of the lake the road swings to
the left and continues up the valley of the North
Fork of the Flathead River, to Bowman and
Kintla Lakes. This road is not suitable for
automobile travel, except for a few miles beyond
Lake McDonald.

On and Around Lake McDonald

Lake McDonald is a mountain-framed body of
water occupying the lower end of the McDonald
Valley. It has an irregular shore line, heavily
timbered, with a splendid grouping of mountains
at the upper end. the principal ones being Mt.
Vaught. 8.840 feet; Mt. Brown. 8.541 feet; and
Cannon Mountain. 8.000 feet. The highest peak
in this region is Edwards Mountain. 9,055 feet.

McDonald Creek, heading on the Continental
Divide near Trappers Peak, twenty-five miles
north, comes rollicking down the valley between
the mountains as though it was happy in its end-
less task of keeping the lake well supplied with its
matchless blue water.

There is very good fishing in Lake McDonald
as well as in the tributary streams. Two miles
above the outlet of McDonald creek is Paradise

Canyon, a rocky gorge very narrow and deep,
with some attractive waterfalls in it.

Avalanche Basin and Lake are a day's trip to
the north. Avalanche Basin is one of the finest
examples of a glacial cirque in the Park. The
walls at the back of the basin are over three thou-
sand feet high. At the top of this wall is Sperry
Glacier and the melting ice of the glacier spills
over the precipice in a half-dozen torrential
streams. Most of the water reaches the lake, but
a great quantity is blown away in mist as it
dashes against the rocks in its downward plunge.

From Lewis' Hotel a good trail is built around
the south side of Edwards Mountain and up
Sprague Creek to Sperry Glacier. This glacier
covers about a square mile in area, and the sum-
mit is comparatively flat. It is a four -hour
trip from Lake McDonald, and the last mile of
the journey must be made on foot up the almost
perpendicular wall of the mountain. Those in-
terested in studying glaciers will find Sperry
easily accessible; the chalet close at hand will en-
able one to spend several days, if he chooses, in
examining it. One may look down into Ava-
lanche Basin from its terminal moraine.

Trout Lake, about eight miles west of Lake
McDonald, is a favorite fishing place, and Snyder
Lake four miles east is another angler's delight.

Sperry Glacier Chalets are passed on the way
to Sperry Glacier. Continuing east from the cha-
lets, the trail finds its way out of the basin over
Lincoln Divide and Gunsight Pass to Going-to-
the-Sun chalets.

Lake McDonald is also the starting point for
camping trips up the North Fork of the Flathead

Page t w e n t \

River, taking in Bowman and Kintla Lakes,
crossing the Divide at Brown's Pass to Water-
ton Lake, and either returning down McDonald
Valley or crossing Swiftcurrent Pass and contin-
uing the trip on the east side of the Park.

Camping Trips in the North Country

North of the Many Glacier region, there is a big
area which but few people have seen. There be-
ing no hotel accommodations, a camp outfit is re-
quired in order to explore it.

The first valley north of the Swiftcurrent is
Kennedy. Continuing across Kennedy Valley
and over the hump of Chief Mountain, the trail
brings one into the Belly River Valley. Near the
boundary of the Park, this river forks; one branch
leads to Elizabeth and 1 I el en Lakes, fed by Ahern
Glacier, the other leads to Glenns Lake whose
source is Chancy Glacier on the Continental Di-
vide. From the Belly River one can go by trail
to Waterton Lake. The return trip is made
down the Kootenai Valley to Granite Park and
continued over Swiftcurrent Pass to Many Gla-
cier Hotel, or on to Lake McDonald.

Camping trips of short or long duration can be
arranged for by giving the Park Saddle-Horse
Company reasonable notice. A trip of a week or
ten days is a pleasant diversion from the hotel
and chalet life for those who like to do a little ex-
ploring and wander off the beaten paths. The
equipment used on these trips is designed to con-
tribute to one's comfort as much as possible, con-
sidering the limitations of pack-horse transporta-
tion. Individual tents are used which accommo-
date either one or two persons. Mattress pads are
provided, cotton sheets may be had if desired.

The charge for this service is based on the
number of people in the party and includes horses,
guides, tents, provisions, bedding, etc. Many
interesting points in the park can be reached
only by this means. A thirty-day camping trip
will enable one to cover practically every trail in
the park by moving camp every day. This is a
delightful and, though somewhat strenuous, is a
healthful and interesting form of outing.

Personally-Conducted Saddle and
Pack Trips Off the Beaten Paths

A most enjoyable way of seeing Glacier
National Park is to join an all-expense horseback
camping party conducted by experienced guides
authorized by the Government to personally es-
cort such excursions.

For the names and addresses of the licensees and
other information concerning these "Roughing-
it-in-comfort" trips, apply to National Park Ser-
vice, Department of the Interior, Washington,
D. C. ; or Manager of the Bureau of Service, Na-
tional Parks and Monuments; or Travel Bureau,
Western Lines, 646 Transportation Building,
Chicago, 111.

Ideal for Walking Tours

Walking as a recreation has become a popular
pastime. Glacier National Park is unusually
adapted to this kind of an outing. Its varied
scenery and convenient facilities contribute to
the comfort and pleasure of the hiker For those
who follow the trails afoot, the hotels and chalets,
located at reasonable intervals, provide shelter

and food, so that a night need not be spent in the
open, nor need heavy packs be carried.

For those who would combine walking and rid-
ing, excellent automobile and launch service is
available, thus enabling one to proceed easily and
quickly to the various centers of scenic interest,
and from these points to penetrate the interior of
the Park afoot. As an interesting diversion, one
can make some of the longer trips over the trails
on horseback.

The mountain paths are so charming; they
wander about so capriciously; they run so mer-
rily over the moss in the woods and beside the
babbling brooks; they climb so cheerfully up the
s opes and hillsides, and lead you through so
much freshness and perfume and varied scenery,
that the pleasures of sight soon make one obliv-
ious of bodily fatigue.

Park Administration

Glacier National Park is under the jurisdiction
of the Director, National Park Service, Washing-
ton, D. C., Department of the Interior. The
headquarters of the superintendent are located at
Belton, Montana.

Open Season

The tourist season is from June 1 5 to Septem-
ber 15. Hotel and transportation facilities are
available during this period.

How to Reach the Park

Glacier Park station, Mont., the principal and
eastern entrance, is 1 ,081 miles west of St. Paul, a
ride of thirty-four hours. Belton, Mont., the
western entrance, is 637 miles east of Seattle, a
ride of twenty-two hours. Good train service is
available from Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis,
St. Louis, Kansas City, Omaha, Denver, Port-
land, Tacoma, Seattle and Spokane, connecting
with trains from all other sections.

Excursion Fares

During the summer season, round-trip excursion
tickets at reduced fares are sold at practically all
stations in the United States and Canada to Gla-
cier Park as a destination. Tickets reading to
Glacier Park station will be honored to or from
Belton, and tickets reading to Belton will be hon-
ored to or from Glacier Park station, at option of
passengers and without additional charge. From
same sections excursion tickets are also sold to
Glacier Park which permit opportunity to visit
Yellowstone National Park, enabling passengers
to make circuit tours of these two parks and, if
journeying through Colorado, side-trips to Rocky
Mountain and Mesa Verde National Parks if
desired.

Passengers wishing to visit Glacier National
Park en route to other destinations, may stop
over at Glacier Park station or at Belton on
round-trip or one-way tickets.

Baggage

Passengers should be careful to make sure their
baggage is checked to the point they intend to
enter the Park — either Glacier Park station or
Belton.

Storage charges on baggage at Glacier Park
station and at Belton will be waived for actual
length of time consumed by passengers in making
Park tours.

Page twenty -three

UMITtD STATCS-DOHINlON Of CANADA COUNDARr UHl

• • -- !»• _"^" ••T"| ..«—....— «—*».^—f •

^:^P^ ^^^^^ 1 ^««»- m, j: !

— cr-r?^ \^P v/g6/«. d'

-*'H^—r ,1 ,> Gun,,,h, M.'«S5'1

fetf^ar-cw^

cat L»ndmg5

NOTE

Di:Unct btlwt to Glacltr Park SI*.
B«Hor Sli b, railroad •» SB

GLACIER
NATIONAL PARK

MONTANA

Scale

Railroads

Automobile Roads
*ya/n Trails
Other Trails

Park Transportation Facilities

Automobile stages on the roads, launches on the
lakes, and saddle horses over the trails, are the
means of transportation. Glacier Park Hotel.
Two Medicine Chalets. Cut Bank and St. Mary
Chalets and Many Glacier 1 lotel are all on the
automobile highway. Going-to-the-Sun Chalets
are reached by launch from St. Mary chalets.
Lake McDonald is reached by auto stages from
Belton connecting with launches for resorts up the
lake. There are so many trips available that few

people can stay long enough to enjoy them all.
For this reason several combination tours are
shown in this book.

Five hundred saddle horses are required to
meet the demand for trail trips. These sure-
footed ponies are trained for mountain trails and
will carry one up the steepest places and over the
summits. It is this diversity of transportation
facilities and variety of tours that have been
prominent factors in the popularity of Glacier
National Park.

Page twenty-four

Hotel and Chalet Rates and Accommodations

Glacier Park Hotel:

Located at Glacier Park Station, eastern entrance to the
Park. 200 rooms, accommodations for over 400 people —
electric lighted, steam heat, room telephones, running
water, laundry, rooms with private bath, cuisine and
service of high order, plunge pool, shower baths, sun par-
lor, open camp fire in lobby, lounging and music room, a
la carte grill room.

New Many Glacier Motel:

Located 55 miles north of Glacier Park Hotel, on scenic
automobile highway. Automobile stage service to and
from Glacier Park Hotel daily. This new hotel contains
accommodations for 500 guests — electric lighted, steam
heated, room telephones, laundry, rooms with private
bath- — plunge pool — open camp fires in lobby — In-
dian room cafe. Starting point for trail trips.
Rates at Glacier Park Hotel and Many Glacier Hotel
$4.50 and $5.00 without bath, dependent on location.
$5.50. $6.00. $7.00 and $8.00 per day with bath, depend-
ent on location. Ametican plan, operated by the Glacier
Park Hotel Company. Glacier Park. Mont, or 1 030 Rail-
road Building. St. Paul. Minn.

Glacier Park Hotel Company's Chalet Groups:

Throughout Glacier National Park, distant from ten to
sixteen miles from each other, the Glacier Park Hotel
Company maintains and operates the following perma-
nent chalets, or small hotels. Rates at all chalets $4.00
per day. American plan, viz.: $1.00 for meals and $1.00
for lodging.

Two Medicine Chalets:

Command a view of the mountains and lakes of the Two
Medicine Country, reached by automobile, horseback, or
afoot. 12 miles from Glacier Park Hotel. Electric
lighted, detached shower or tub baths. 5G cents. Capac-
ity 100 guests.

Cut Bank Chalets:

Located in the Cut Bank Valley. 22 miles from Glacier
Park Hotel, a popular rendezvous for fishermen. From
this camp it is a day's side trip to Triple Divide Mountain,
where the water flows three ways. Capacity 45 guests.

St. Mary Chalets:

Located on lower end of upper St. Mary Lake. 32 miles
from Glacier Park Hotel. The going-in point for tourists
visiting the Going-to-the-Sun Chalet. Side trip is made
from here to Red Eagle Lake, a popular fishing trip.
Electric lighted, detached shower or tub baths. 50 cents.
Capacity 125 guests.

Going-to-the-Sun Chalets:

Located on the northwest shore of St. Mary Lake, nine
miles up lake from St. Mary Chalets, commanding a view
of the Continental Divide. Reached by boat from St.
Mary Chalets, or afoot or horseback from interior points.
Detached shower or tub baths. 50 cents, electric lighted.
Capacity 150 guests.

Many Glacier Chalets:

Located one-eighth of a mile from the new Many Glacier
Hotel. Side trips from this point same as from Many
Glacier Hotel. Detached shower or tub baths at hotel,
50 cents. Capacity 100 guests. Electric lighted. Cha-
let guests take meals in main dining room of Many Gla-
cier Hotel.

Granite Park Chalets:

Located on the west side of the Continental Divide in
Granite Park. Reached by horseback or afoot from
Many Glacier Hotel via Swiftcurrent Pass. Capacity
60 guests.

Sperry Glacier Chalets:

Located on the west side of the Continental Divide, near
Sperry Glacier. Reached by horseback or afoot from
Going-to-the-Sun Chalets or Lake McDonald. Capac-
ity 75 guests.

Belton Chalets:

Located on the railroad at Belton station, the western
entrance to the Park, three miles from Lake McDonald,
fifty-eight miles west of Glacier Park station. Detached
•hower or tub baths. 50 cents. Capacity 125 guests.

Furnished Chalets For Rent:

At Many Glacier there are three chalets which are fur-
nished and equipped for housekeeping, and which are for
rent by the month or season. Each of these contains bed-
rooms, kitchenette and shower bath, and has accommoda-
tions for 6 to 1 2 people. Linen and firewood are included
in the furnishings; supplies may be purchased at the
Many Glacier Store. Rates for rental of these chalets
may be obtained upon application.

Medical Service:

A physician is located at the Glacier Park Hotel. A
trained nurse is stationed at Glacier Park Hotel, another
at Many Glacier Hotel. Their services are available at
all times at standard professional rates. A line of medical
and surgical supplies is carried in the dispensary at each
hotel.

Rates for Children:

The following rates are authorized for children at the
above hotels and chalets when accompanied by parents
or guardians:

Children five years of age and over, full rate.
Children under five years of age, one-half rate.

Lake McDonald Resorts:

There is one large hotel and two cottage resorts on Lake
McDonald on west side of park, reached from Belton via
auto road and launch.

Lewis' (Glacier) Hotel:

At upper end of Lake; accommodations for 225 guests;
electric lighted; steam heat; laundry; rooms with private
bath. Starting point for trail trips. Rates: $4.00 and
$5.00 per day; with bath $6.00 per day. American plan.
J E. Lewis, Proprietor, Lake McDonald. Mont.

Park Cabin Resort:

At head of Lake McDonald. Several log cottages and
central dining room. Rates $2.50 to $3.00 per day.
James Conlon (trustee). Proprietor. Belton. Mont.

National Park Cabin Resort:

At foot of Lake McDonald. Log cabins for rent. No
dining room. Rates on application. H. D. Apgar.
Proprietor. Belton. Mont.

Open Season:

The season is June 15th to September 15th, and the
hotels are open at that time. Some years on account of
heavy snowfall, Sperry Chalets and Granite Park Chalets
are not opened until a week or two later. Lewis' Hotel
opens June 1st.

Telegraph and Telephone Service:

Glacier Park Station and Belton are Western Union Tele-
graph offices and service is available from all hotels and
chalets in connection with the Park Telephone System.

Mail:

Guests stopping at hotels and chalets on the east side
should have mail addressed care of Glacier Park Hotel,
Glacier Park, Mont. — this is the post office for Glacier
Park and Many Glacier Hotels, and the Chalets. Mail
for Lake McDonald resorts should be addressed to Lake
McDonald P. O.. Mont., or to Belton.

Clothing Suggestions:

Light-weight woolen underwear or heavy cotton under-
wear is recommended; wool is preferable as the weather
may be quite warm on the lower levels but cool on the
summits of the passes. If one contemplates buying
special outing clothing, the brown khaki is most econom-
ical and serviceable. It is light in weight, and as it is
tightly woven, keeps out the wind and to a limited ex-
tent, will shed water. For either horseback riding or
walking, the khaki riding breeches are recommended for
both men and women.

Stout shoes or outing boots, canvas leggings or leather
puttees, a pair of gloves and a comfortable old soft hat.
complete the outfit. A heavy outer wrap should be pro-
vided, such as a sweater or mackinaw. A very complete
line of suitable clothing is for sale at the stores in the
hotels at reasonable prices.

Page twenty-jive

A BLACKFEET INDIAN CAMP
I he Blackfeet Indians have left a lasting impress of their occupation on this region, many mountains and lakes bearing

their original Indian na

Page twenty-six

ST. MARY LAKE
At St. Mary Chalets— Transfer is made from autos to a sturdy launch for the trip up the lake

Automobile and Launch Service

The Glacier Park Transportation Company is
licensed by the United States Government to
operate automobile stages within the Park.
Comfortable ten-passenger auto stages are used.
These stages run on regular schedules as follows:

Between Glacier Park Hotel, St. Mary, and
Many Glacier Hotel.

Northbound Daily

Leave Glacier Park ... 8:00 a. m.

Arrive St. Mary Chalets 10:45 a. m.

Leave St. Mary Chalets 1 1 :00 a. m.

Arrive Many Glacier Hotel 12:45 p. m.

Southbound Daily

Leave Many Glacier Hotel 1 :30 p. m.

Arrive St. Mary Chalets 3:15 p. m.

Leave St. Mary Chalets 3:30 p. m.

Arrive Glacier Park Hotel 6:15 p. m.

As soon as traffic warrants additional service
is provided, leaving Glacier Park Hotel at 1 :30
5. M., arriving at Many Glacier Hotel at 6:15
P. M., and leaving Many Glacier Hotel at
8:00 A. M., arriving at Glacier Park Hotel at
12:45 P. M.

Between Glacier Park Hotel and Two Medi-
cine Chalets:

Leave Glacier Park Hotel 2:00 p. m.

Arrive Two Medicine Chalets 3:00 p. m.

Leave Two Medicine Chalets 4:00 p. m.

Arrive Glacier Park Hotel 5.00 p. m.

Passenger Fares

One Round

Glacier Park Hotel and St. Mary Chalets . $3.50 $7.00
Glacier Park Hotel and Many Glacier Hotel . 6.50 1 3.00
St. Mary Chalets and Many Glacier Hotel . . 3.00 6.00
Glacier Park Hotel and Two Medicine Cha-
lets 1 50 3.00

*Glacier Park Hotel and Cut Bank Chalets ' 5.00

Bel ton and Lake McDonald 50 1.00

*Rate applies only for minimum of 4 fare*.

Baggage Transportation :

The following rates apply for the transportation of bag-
gage between points in Glacier National Park, via auto
express service. Auto stages are not equipped to handle
heavy baggage and same must go on first auto truck fol-
lowing.

Passengers touring Park will be permitted to carry with
them free on automobiles, stages or launches, one piece of
hand baggage weighing not to exceed 20 pounds.

BETWEEN Baggage Rate

I runk Grip

Glacier Park Hotel and Two Medicine Cha-
lets . ..$1.00 $ .50

Glacier Park Hotel and St. Mary Chalets . 2.00 .50

Glacier Park Hotel and Many-Glacier Cha- 4 00 I 00

lets 4.00 1.00

Glacier Park Hotel and Going-to-the-Sun

Chalets 2 50 I 00

St. Mary Chalets and Going-to-the-Sun Cha-
lets 50 .25

St. Mary Chalets and Many Glacier Chalets 2 00 .50

Belton Chalets and Lewis' Hotel . .1.00 .50

Belton Chalets and Foot of Lake McDonald .50 .25
Foot of Lake McDonald and Head of Lake

McDonald 50 .25

Freight Rates on Automobiles Between Glacier
Park Station and Belton:

An automobile highway has been perfected through from
Duluth. St. Paul, Minneapolis and Grand Forks. N. D.. to
Glacier Park Station. From here to Belton there is no
road. From Belton, Mont., the automobile highway
continues west to Spokane and the Pacific Coast For
the convenience of automobilists making the overland
trip in their cars the Railroad will have in effect during
the Park season a rate of $12.50 for transporting auto-
mobiles between Glacier Park Station and Belton in
either direction.

Launch Service:

Between St. Mary Chalets and Going-to-the-Sun Chalets
on St. Mary Lake, and between the foot of Lake Mc-
Donald and head of lake, launches are operated, connect-
ing with auto stages.
Launch fare — each way $ .75

P a %e twenty-seven

Saddle Horse, Pack Horse and Guide Rates

The Park Saddle Horse Company furnishes
saddle horses, pack horses and guides under con-
cession from the United States Government.

Scheduled Trips

Minimum
Rate number
per required
n party

From Glacier Park Hotel:

*To Mt. Henry and return— 1 -day trip . .$4.00
*To Two Medicine and return — 2-day trip

via Mt. Henry in one direction 8.00 3

Inside Trail Trip — via Two Medicine.
Mt. Morgan. Cut Bank Chalet*. Triple
Divide. Red Eagle Lake. St. Mary Cha-
lets. Going-to-the-Sun Chalets. Piegan
Pass to Many Glacier Hotel— A 5-day

scenic trip 18.00 5

Same trip as far as St. Mary Chalets only

—3-day trip 13.25 5

From Many Glacier Hotel:

*Iceberg Lake and return — I -day trip. . . . 3.50
Granite Park and return — 2-day trip. . . . 8.00
Granite Park and return— 1-day trip 5.00

*Cracker Lake and return — 1-day trip . . . 3.50 I
Morning Eagle Falls, Piegan Pass and re-
turn— I -day trip 4.00 I

Going-to-the-Sun Chalets via Piegan Pass

one way — I -day trip 4.00 I

tLogan Pass Triangle Trip — via Granite
Park. Logan Pass. Going-to-the-Sun and
Piegan Pass and vice versa — 3-day trip. 12. 50

*Ptarmigan Lake and return — 1-day trip 4 00

*Grinnell Lake and return — ^i-d&y trip . 3.50
Grinnell Glacier and return — 1-day trip . 4.00 3

From Going-to-the-Sun Chalets:

Many Glacier Hotel via Piegan Pass .... 4.00
tTriangle Trip: via Logan Pass, Granite
Park. Swiftcurrent Pass. Many Glacier
and Piegan Pass or vice versa — 3-day

trip 12.50

*Sexton Glacier and return — %-<l*y trip . . 3.50

*Gunsight Lake and return— 1 -day trip . .$4.00

*Roea Basin and return — I -day trip 4.00 3

Lake McDonald via Sperry Chalets and
Gunsight Pass — 2-day trip, stopping over
night at Sperry Chalets 8.00 5

From St. Mary Chalets:

*Red Eagle Lake and return— 1 -day trip $ 4.00 3

Glacier Park Hotel via Red Eagle. Triple Di-
vide, Cut Bank Chalets, and Two Medicine
Chalets (Inside Trail Trip)— 3-day trip 13.25 5

From Lake McDonald (Lewis' Hotel) :

*Sperry Glacier and return — 1-day trip 4.00 3

Lincoln Peak and return — 1 -day trip 4.00 3

*Avalanche Basin and return — I -day trip 4.00 3

Snyder Lake and return — 1-day trip 4.00 3

Going-to-the-Sun Chalets via Sperry Chalets

and Gunsight Pass — 2-day trip 8.00 5

For Special or Non-Scheduled Trips:

Saddle and Pack Horses, per day $ 3.

Guides, including Guides' Horse and board per

day 8.00

NOTE — Trips marked (*) made daily during season;

other trips available July 1st to Sept. 1st.

CM Parties once started on "Triangle Trip" will not

be allowed refund in case of withdrawal before trip is

completed.

All Expense Camping Trips

Licensed outfitters in Glacier Park are pre-
pared to furnish complete camp outfits at the
following prices for trips of ten or more days.

Cost per

day per

Person

For party of 1 $25.00

For party of 2 15.75

For party of 3 12.65

For party of 4 12.40

For party of 5 1 1 .30

For party of 6 10.60

For party of 7 or more 1 0.00

amples of Combination Tours via Auto, Launch
and Saddle Horse

The rates quoted cover transportation only and
do not include meals and lodging at hotels and
chalets.

Round

FROM GLACIER PARK HOTEL Trip

Per

One-Day Tour: Person

A delightful ride by auto to Two Medicine Lake
and Return: Twelve miles to Two Medicine Cha-
lets—afternoon trip. . . $ 3.00

One-Day Tour:

By saddle horse to summit of Mt. Henry and re-
turn wonderful view of Two Medicine Valley
from Summit. Party of three or more 4.00

One-Day Tour:

To St. Mary Chalets and Going-to-the-Sun Cha-
lets by auto and launch, leaving Glacier Park
Hotel at 8 a. m. and returning at 6: 1 5 p. m. Round
trip 85 miles of wonderful scenery . . 8.50

Two-Day Tour:

Glacier Park Hotel to Many Glacier Hotel first
day. returning second day and making side trip
to Going-to-the-Sun Chalets, thence via St. Mary
to Glacier Park Hotel. Automobile and launch 14.50

Three-Day Tour:

First day to Many Glacier Hotel via auto; second
day to Iceberg Lake by saddle horse; third day to
Going-to-the-Sun Chalets via auto and launch,
thence via St. Mary and auto to Glacier Park
Hotel 18.00

Four-Day Tour:

First day via auto to Many Glacier Hotel; second
day saddle horse to Iceberg Lake; third day saddle
horse to Cracker Lake; fourth day to Going-to-the-
Sun Chalets via auto and launch, returning same
day to Glacier Park Hotel $21 50

Five-Day Tour:

First day auto to Many Glacier Hotel; second day
saddle horse to Iceberg Lake; third day saddle
horse to Granite Park; fourth day return to Many-
Glacier Hotel; fifth day return to Glacier Park
Hotel via St Mary and Going-to-the-Sun Chalets. 26.00

Six-Day Tour:

First day auto to Many Glacier Hotel; second day
saddle horse to Iceberg Lake; third day saddle
horse to Cracker Lake; fourth day saddle horse to
Granite Park; fifth day return to Many Glacier
Hotel; sixth day to Going-to-the-Sun Chalets via
auto and launch, thence to Glacier Park Hotel 29.50

Seven-Day Tour:

l-'irst day auto to Many Glacier Hotel; second day
saddle horse to Iceberg Lake; third day saddle
horse to Cracker Lake; fourth day saddle horse to
Granite Park; fifth day Granite Park via Logan
Pass to Going-to-the-Sun: sixth day saddle horse
over Piegan Pass to Many Glacier Hotel; seventh
day Many Glacier Hotel via auto and launch to
Going-to-the-Sun and St. Mary, thence to Glacier
Park Hotel . . . 34.00

Page twenty-eight

WILD FLOWERS EVERYWHERE
n Glacier Park the wild flowers often contrast their colors with a background of pure white snow

Distances Between Points of Interest in Glacier Park

From Glacier Park Hotel: Mile*

Two Medicine Chalet* 12

Summit of Mt. Henry 8

Two Medicine Falls I

Cut Bank Chalets 22

St. Mary Chalets 32

Going-to-the-Sun Chalets 41

Many Glacier Hotel 55

Sperry Chalets 58

Granite Park 64

From Two Medicine Chalets:

Trick Falls 2

Mt. Henry 4

Dawson Pass 8

Appistoki Falls 2

Cut Bank Pass 10

Cut Bank Chalets 18

From Cut Bank Chalets:

Cut Bank Pass 8

Triple Divide 8

Red Eagle Lake 15

St. Mary Chalets 23

From Going-to-the-Sun Chalets:

Sexton Glacier. . . .
Gunsight Lake. . . .
Blackfeet Glacier.
Gunsight Pass ...
Sperry Chalets. . . .

Piegan Pass

Many Glacier Hotel (by trail) . .

Many Glacier Hotel (by road) 32

Logan Pass 8

Granite Park . . ,.16

Miles
.. 32
.. 23

. 9
.. 26

. 33

From St. Mary Chalets:

Glacier Park Hotel

Many Glacier Hotel

Going-to-the-Sun Chalets

Sperry Chalets

Lake McDonald . .

Red Eagle Lake

Triple Divide 15

Cut Bank Chalets 22

From Many Glacier Hotel:

Iceberg Lake 6

Cracker Lake 7

Grinnell Lake 5

Josephine Lake 2

Ptarmigan Lake 7

Swiftcurrent Pass 8

Granite Park Chalets 9

Piegan Pass 9

Morning Eagle Falls 8

Going-to-the-Sun Chalets (by trail) 18

Going-to-the-Sun Chalets (by road) 32

Grinnell Glacier 7

Appekunny Falls 2

From Granite Park Chalets:

Rosenwald Ridge

Summit of Swiftcurrent Mt . .

" i

The Garden Wall

Logan Pass

Going-to-the-Sun Chalets

Lake McDonald
Waterton Lake. . .

20
. 18

From Head of Lake McDonald:

Belton Station

Sperry Chalets

Avalanche Basin .
Granite Park ....
Trout Lake. . .

United States Government Publications

The following publications may be obtained
from the Superintendent of Documents, Govern-
ment Printing Office. Washington. D. C., at
prices given. Remittances should be made by
money order or in cash:

Origin of the Scenic Features of Glacier National Park,
by M. R. Campbell. 42 pages. 25 illustrations, 15 cents.
Glaciers of Glacier National Park, by W. C. Alden. 48
pages, 30 illustrations. I 5 cents.

Some Lakes of Glacier National Park, by M. J. Elrod. 32
pages. 19 illustrations. 10 cents.

Glacier National Park— a Popular Guide to its Geology
and Scenery, by M. R. Campbell, 54 pages, 13 plates, in-
cluding map. 30 cents.

Panoramic View of Glacier National Park, !8Hx2l inches*
25 cents.
National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard. 260

Kges. 270 illustrations descriptive of nine National Parks,
imphlet edition. 35 cents; book edition. 55 cents.

The following may be obtained from Director
of the United States Geological Survey, Wash-
ington, D. C., at price given.

Map of Glacier National Park. 31x35 inches. 25 cents.

The following publications may be obtained
free on written application to the Director of the
National Park Service, Washington, D. C., or by
personal application at the registration offices of
the Park.

Circular of general information regarding Glacier National
Park.

Glimpses of our National Parks, 48 pages, illustrated.

Map showing location of National Parks and National
Monuments, and railroad routes thereto.

United States Railroad Administration Publications

The following publications may be
Office, or Bureau of Service, National
646 Transportation Building. Chicago,

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies.
California for the Tourist.
Colorado and Utah Rockies.
Crater Lake National Park. Oregon.
Glacier National Park. Montana.
Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
Hawaii National Park. Hawaiian Islands.
Hot Springs National Paik. Arkansas.
Me»a Verde National Park. Colorado.

obtained free on application to any Consolidated Ticket
Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau — Western Lines.
Illinois:

Mount Rainier National Park. Washington.

Northern Lakes —Wisconsin. Minnesota. Iowa. Illinois and

Upper Michigan.

Pacific Northwest and Alaska.

Petrified Forest National Monument. Arizona.

Rocky Mountain National Park. Colorado.

Sequoia and General Grant National Parks. California.

Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming. Montana. Idaho.

Yosemite National Park. California.

Zion National Monument. Utah.

Page thirty

"" Nw0*0'- ^"-"y

V7^fe^._ /C 0,,,/p^

0 £ *SI —*- •^^z^z i
msf*y«.- *-•——£?"*>/

1 HE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE

For particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc., apply to any Railroad Ticket Agent, or to any
of the following United States Railroad Administration Consolidated Ticket Offices.

Beaumont, Tex. .Orleans and Pearl Sts.

Bremerton, Wash 224 Front St.

Butte, Mont 2 N. Main St.

Chicago. Ill \75 W. Jackson Blvd.

Colorado Springs. Colo.

119 E. Pike's Peak Ave.
Dallas. Tex 112-114 Field St.

601 \7th St.

a 403 Walnut St.

..334 W. Superior St.

. Mills and Oregon Sts.

702 Houston St.

. . . . J and Fresno Sts.

.21st and Market Sts.

58 S. Main St.

. . .904 Texas Ave.

Denver. Colo . .
Des Moines, lo
Duluth, Minn. . .
El Paso. Tex ....
Ft. Worth. Tex . .

Fresno, Cal

Galveston, Tex . .
Helena, Mont. . .
Houston, Tex . . .
Kansas City, Mo.

Ry. Ex. Bldg. 7th and Walnut Sts.

Annapolis, Md 54 Maryland Ave.

Atlantic City. N. J. . . 1301 Pacific Ave.
Baltimore. Md . . .B. & O. R. R. Bldg.

Boston, Mass 67 Franklin St.

Brooklyn. N. Y 336 Fulton St.

Buffalo. N. Y., Main and Division Sts.
Cincinnati. Ohio.. .6th and Main Sts.
Cleveland, Ohio . . . 1004 Prospect Ave.

Columbus, Ohio 70 East Gay St

Dayton, Ohio 19 S. Ludlow St.

WEST

Lincoln, Neb 104 N. 13th St.

Little Rock. Ark 202 W. 2d St.

Long Beach, Cal. .L. A. & S. L. Station
Los Angeles, Cal.. ..215 S. Broadway

Milwaukee, Wis 99 Wisconsin St

Minneapolis, Minn. 202 Sixth St. South
Oakland, Cal. .13th St. and Broadway

Ocean Park, Cal 160 Pier Ave.

Oklahoma City, Okla.

1 3 I W. Grand Ave.

Omaha. Neb 1416 Dodge St

Peoria. 111. . .Jefferson and Liberty Sts.
Phoenix, Ariz.

Adams St. and Central Ave.
Portland. Ore.. 3d and Washington Sts.
Pueblo. Colo.. ..401-3 N. Union Ave.

St. Joseph. Mo 505 Francis St.

St. Louis. Mo.. 3 18-3 28 North Broadway

EAST

Detroit. Mich ... I 3 W. LaFayette Ave.
Evansville. Ind. . L. & N. R. R. Bldg.

Grand Rapids. Mich 1 25 Pearl St.

Indianapolis. Ind.. 112-14 English Block
Newark, N. J.. Clinton and Beaver Sts.

New York. N. Y 64 Broadway

New York. N. Y 57 Chambers St.

New York. N. Y 31 W. 32d St.

New York. N. Y I 1 4 W. 42d St.

SOUTH

Asheville. N. C
Atlanta, Ga
Augusta. Ga
Birmingham. Ala

14 S. Polk Square] Knoxville. Tenn

74 Peachtree St.
811 Broad St.
2010 1st Ave.

....... .

Charleston, S. C ...... Charleston Hotel

Charlotte. N. C ........ 22 S. Tryon St.

Chattanooga. Tenn...8l7 Market St.
Columbia. S. C ....... Arcade Building

Jacksonville. Fla ....... 38 W. Bay St.

Lexington, Ky .
Louisville. Ky . .
Lynchburg. Va .
Memphis. Tenn
Mobile. Ala ....
Montgomery, Ala

600 Gay St.

Union Station

4th and Market Sts.

722 Main St.

60 N. Main St.

5 1 S. Royal St.

Exchange Hotel

Nashville.Tenn., Independent Life Bldg.
New Orleans. La . . . .St. Charles Hotel

St. Paul. Minn . .4th and Jackson Sta.
Sacramento. Cal.. . . 801 K St.

Salt Lake. Utah

Main and S. Temple Sts.
San Antonio. Texas

315-17 N. St. Mary's St.

San Diego. Cal 300 Broadway

San Francisco. Cal.

Lick Bldg., Post St. and Lick Place
San Jose, Cal., I stand San Fernando Sts.

Seattle, Wash 714-16 2d Ave.

Shreveport, La..Milam and Market Sts.

Sioux City, Iowa 510 4th St.

Spokane. Wash.

Davenport Hotel, 815 Sprague Ave.
Tacoma. Wash ... I I 17-19 Pacific Ave.
Waco. Texas . . . .6th and Franklin Sts.
Whittier. Cal . . . .L. A. & S. L. Station
Winnipeg, Man 226 Portage Ave.

Philadelphia. Pa..
Pittsburgh. Pa ...

Reading. Pa

Rochester. N. Y. . .
Syracuse. N. Y. . . ,

Toledo, Ohio

Washington. D. C.
Williamsport. Pa . .
Wilmington. Del . .

.1539 Chestnut St.

. .Arcade Building
.. ..16 N. Fifth St.
20 State St.

..University Block

.320 Madison Ave
..1229 FSt. N. W.

4th and Pine Sts.
. ..905 Market St.

Paducah. Ky 430 Broadway

Pensacola. Fla San Carlos Hotel

Raleigh. N. C 305 LaFayette St.

Richmond. Va 830 E. Main St.

Savannah. Ga .. ..37 Bull St.

Sheffield. Ala Sheffield Hotel

Tampa. Fla . ..Hillsboro Hotel

Vicksburg. Miss. 1319 Washington St.
Winston-Salem. N. C.. 236 N. Main St.

For detailed information regarding National Parks and Monuments address Bureau of Service,
National Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau — Western lines, 646 Transportation Bldg.. Chicago,
or any Railroad Ticket Agent.

McGill-Warner Co., Printers
St. Paul, Minn.

Page thirty-one

if.

ii i

CANYON AND FALLS IN SWIFTCURRENT VALLEY

GRAND CANYON

National

• UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION

NAL PAR.K. SF

The Titan of Chasm* — inexpressible — you must see it to understai

P a & e two

A Cosmic Intaglio

An Appreciation of

Grand Canyon National Park

By Charles F. Lummis

Author of "The Land of Poco Tiempo," "Some Strange
Corners of Our Country," "Pueblo Indian Folk Stoiies," etc.

]N the very cradle of recorded Time, the Grand Canyon was
waiting, under the Slow Smile of God, for Man to come to it
and know His chiefest Wonder-vision on earth ; this vast
chameleon, unearthly, attainable, Mirage in Immortal Rock.
Through milleniums it has been worshipful and awe-full to the bronzed
First Americans, whose swallow-nesting homes still crumble along that
amethystine "Rim/' Caucasians were late of coming — though to us
parvenus it seems long ago, in years and world-change. When Coro-
nado's lieutenant, Garcia Lopez de Cardenas, first of Europeans, stood upon
this Brink (September 14, 1540), Luther was walking the floor with his
fretful Reformation, just cutting its teeth. Henry VIII. was still adding new
reels to his kinema of wives. His seven-year-old daughter Bess was
learning never to lose her head (as Mamma had done), and to have no
heart to lose. She staid unmarried as many times as Papa didn't. It was
forty years before Raleigh spread his cape for her. It was a generation
before Shakespeare, and two before Milton; seventy years before English
was spoken in any home in all the New World. There was not a printed
Bible, except in Latin; and the King James version was nigh seventy
years to the future. It was three centuries before the first friction match;
over two hundred years before Ben Franklin invented the first cook-stove;
twenty-five years before the first forks and steel needles. It was a world
without kerosene, wire cigars, potatoes, corn, whisky, side-saddles, public
schools and libraries, quinine, rifles, tin cans, turkeys, newspapers, novels,
vaccination — without even the sacred symbol, $.

As to the Franciscan missionaries — it was a week before our Declaration
of Independence that Fray Francisco Garces (first of Europeans) saw the
Canyon from the West. In the same month that General Howe defeated
Washington's forces at White Plains, Fray Sylvestre Velez de Escalante

P a & e three

was first white man to cross (October 7, 1776) the chasm and its head-
long river.

Major Powell's heroic threadings of that fearsome Labyrinth (1869-70)
marked the first serious attention of "Americans" to the most wondrous
thing in America; but his notable volumes precipitated no pilgrimage.
Thirty-five years ago, when I began my 'prenticeship to the Canyon, not
a hundred people a year saw it — and ten Englishmen to one American.
Today (most thanks to the builders of the steel highway), it is famous
and luxuriously accessible — yet 95 per cent of the travelers passing within
sixty miles never visit it!

As it was I who first raised (a third of a century ago) the slogan, "See
America First!" it now falls my privilege to extend this official invitation
to the opening of the Grand Canyon, at last a National Park, guarded by
Government; a heritage unto our children's children forever. I doubt not
it has the very humility of its transcendent greatness, and patiently enjoys
our little "Recognition" and "Honor."

The Grand Canyon Bids You! Come, all ye Peoples of the Earth, to
witness God's boldest and most flaming Signature across Earth's face!
Come — and penitent — ye of the United States, to marvel upon this
chiefest Miracle of our own land!

Ten thousand pens have "described at" this Indescribable, in vain,
is alone in the world. The only Mountain Range in Captivity — a hundred
miles of unearthly peaks, taller from their gnawing river than Mt. Wash-
ington above the distant sea; all countersunk in a prodigious serpentine
gulf of living rock; a Cosmic Intaglio carved in the bosom of the great
Arizona Plateau. Nowhere else can you look up hundreds of 7,000-foot
cliffs whose tops are but three miles from a plummet to your feet. And
from their Rim, look down upon such leagues of inverted and captive
sk:es of rainbows in solution, and snow and thunder tempests far below
you; -and brimming fogs that flow with the moon, and with dawn ebb
and ebb — till one by one the white, voiceless tide reveals the glorified
"islands" of its countless archipelago of glowing peaks.

It is a matchless cross-section of Earth's anatomy, to the geologist.
To all, it is a Poem ; History ; an imperishable Inspiration. Words cannot
over-tell it nor half tell. See it, and you will know why !

It has waited long to give you welcome and benediction and a deathless
Memory. Come !

P a £ c f o u

To the American People:

Secretary of the Interior

Grand Canyon National Park

Grand Canyon National Park, in north-
ern Arizona, is the newest of bur national
playgrounds, having been brought into
the National Park family by Act of Con-
gress, February 26, 1919. One comes
upon it suddenly, only a short distance
from the railroad terminus — a titanic gash
in the earth's crust, an unexpected step-
off in the wooded mesa country.

Imagine a stupendous chasm, in places
ten to thirteen miles wide from rim to
rim, more than two hundred miles long
in the total of its meanderings, and more
than a mile deep. A mighty river, the
Colorado, has chiseled out the inner
granite gorge, which is flanked on each
side by tier upon tier of huge architect-
ural forms — veritable mountains — carved
by erosion from the solid rock strata
which lie exposed in great layers to the
desert sun. And all painted in colors
of the rainbow.

That's the Grand Canyon.

Other scenic wonders are viewed either
on the level or looking up. The Grand
Canyon, from the rim, is looked down
upon. The sensation is novel — abso-
lutely unique, in fact. Not every visitor
can at once adjust untrained eyes to
this sudden shift from the usual outlook.
Gradually one must become accustomed
to the change from the ordinary range of
vision. It is like seeing a landscape from
a low-flying aeroplane.

Descend by trail, and, one after
another, the Canyon forms seem to creep
upward, until soon they take their place
in familiar fashion along the horizon.
Not until then do they assume a natural
aspect.

As first glimpsed from the very edge of
the abyss, the Canyon is a geologic
marvel and a spiritual emotion. Below
is a primeval void, hemmed in every-
where, except skyward, by the solid
framework of our earth — rocks, and
rocks, and yet more rocks, millions of
years old.

At high noon the enclosing walls seem
to flatten out and are strangely unim-
pressive. They lack life and luster and
form. They are wholly material and
make scant appeal to the emotions.
One is aware of bigness and deepness
and stillness, but not of any mystery.

Come back to the edge of the abyss in
the late afternoon, or early in the morn-
ing. How marvelous the transformation!
Immense forms have pushed out from
the sheer walls. They float in a purple
sea of mysterious shadows. It is a
symphony of mass and color, of body
and soul. Almost a new heaven is born
and, with it, a new inferno, swathed in
soft celestial fires; a whole chaotic
underworld, just emptied of primeval
floods and waiting for a new creative
word; eluding all sense of perspective or

Pa & e five

El Tovar Hotel on the brink of the Canyon.

The Lookout it a quaint rough atone observatory and re«t houce on the rim near head of Bright Angel Trail.
e six

dimension, outstretching the faculty of
measurement, overlapping the confines of
definite apprehension; a boding, terrible
thing, unflinchingly real, yet spectral as a
dream. Never was picture more har-
monious, never flower more exquisitely
beautiful. It flashes instant communi-
cation of all that architecture and paint-
ing and music for a thousand years have
gropingly striven to express.

Thus speaks the Grand Canyon to
almost every person who comes within
the magic circle of its perpetual allure-
ment. Joaquin Miller affirms that at the
Canyon color is king. William Winter
calls it "this surpassing wonder," and
Hamlin Garland is most impressed by its
thousand differing moods. John Muir
sums it up in a striking phrase — "wildness
so Godful, cosmic, primeval." Possibly a
little girl expressed the inexpressible
most simply when she remarked that it
is so beautiful she would like to live here
always.

A Canyon Within a System of
Canyons

A canyon, truly, but not after the
accepted type. An intricate system of
canyons, rather, each subordinate to the
river channel in the center, which in its
turn is subordinate to the whole effect.
That river channel, the profoundest
depth, and actually more than six
thousand feet below the point of view,
is in seeming a rather insignificant trench,
attracting the eye more by reason of its
somber tone and mysterious suggestion
than by any appreciable characteristic of
a chasm. It is perhaps five miles distant
in a straight line, and its uppermost rims
are nearly four thousand feet beneath the
observer. One cannot believe the dis-
tance to be more than a mile as the crow
flies, before descending the wall.

Yet the immediate chasm itself is only
the first step of a long terrace that leads
down to the innermost gorge and the
river. Roll a heavy stone to the rim and
let it go. It falls the height of the Eiffel
tower, and explodes like a bomb on a
projecting ledge. If any considerable
fragments remain they bound onward,
snapping trees like straws; bursting,
crashing down the declivities until they
make a last plunge over the brink of a
void; and then there comes languidly up
the cliff-sides a faint, distant roar, and

your boulder lies scattered as wide as
Wycliffe's ashes, although the final frag-
ment has lodged only a little way, so to
speak, below the rim.

The spectacle is so symmetrical, and so
completely excludes the outside world and
its accustomed standards, it is with
difficulty one can acquire any notion of
its immensity. Were it half as deep,
half as broad, it would be no less be-
wildering, so utterly does it baffle human
grasp.

The terrific deeps that part the walls
of hundreds of castles and turrets of
mountainous bulk may be approximately
located in barely discernible penstrokes
of detail. The comparative insignificance
of what are termed grand sights in other
parts of the world is now clearly revealed.

Overmastering Charm of the
Panorama

Still, such particulars cannot long hold
the attention, for the panorama is the
real overmastering charm. It is never
twice the same. The scene incessantly
changes, flushing and fading, advancing
into crystalline clearness, retiring into
slumberous haze.

Should it chance to have rained
heavily in the night, next morning the
Canyon may be completely filled with
fog. As the sun mounts, the curtain of
mist suddenly breaks into cloud fleeces,
and while you gaze these fleeces rise and
dissipate, leaving the Canyon bare. At
once around the bases of the lowest cliffs
white puffs begin to appear and their
number multiplies until once more they
rise and overflow the rim, and it is as if
you stood on some land's end looking
down upon a formless void. Then
quickly comes the complete dissipation,
and again the marshaling in the depths,
the upward advance, the total suffusion
and the speedy vanishing, repeated over
and over until the warm walls have ex-
pelled their saturation.

It is, indeed, a place created by some
magician's wand.

Long may the visitor loiter upon the
verge, powerless to shake loose from the
charm, until the sun is low in the West.
Then the Canyon sinks into mysterious
purple shadow, the far Shinumo Altar is
tipped with a golden ray, and against a
leaden horizon the long line of the Echo
Cliffs reflects a soft brilliance of inde-

P a A f- seven

Opposite Ell Tovar Hotel is a replica of a Hopi Indian house.

scribable beauty, a light that, elsewhere,
surely never was on sea or land. Then
darkness falls, and should there be a
moon, the scene in part revives in silver
light, a thousand spectral forms pro-
jected from inscrutable gloom; dreams
of mountains, as in their sleep they
brood on things eternal.

The River as Viewed From Foot of
the Trails

The traveler stands upon a sandy rift,
confronted by nearly vertical walls many
hundred feet high, at whose base a tawny
torrent pitches in a giddying, onward
slide, that gives him momentarily the
sensation of slipping into an abyss.

Dwarfed by such prodigious mountain
shores, which rise immediately from the
water at an angle that would deny footing
to a mountain sheep, it is not easy to
estimate confidently the width and vol-
ume of the river. Choked by the stub-
born granite, its width is probably
between 250 and 300 feet, its velocity
fifteen miles an hour, and its volume and
turmoil equal to the Whirlpool Rapids
of Niagara. Its rise in time of heavy rain
is rapid and appalling, for the walls shed
almost instantly all the water that falls
upon them. Drift is lodged in the
crevices thirty feet overhead.

For only a few hundred yards is the
tortuous stream visible, but its effect
upon the senses is perhaps the greater
for that reason. Issuing as from a
mountain side, it slides with oily smooth-
ness for a space and suddenly breaks into
violent waves that comb back against
the current and shoot unexpectedly here
and there, while the volume sways, tide-
like, from side to side, and long curling
breakers form and hold their outline
lengthwise of the shore, despite the seem-
ingly irresistible velocity of the water.
The river is laden with drift (huge tree
trunks), which it tosses like chips in its
terrible play.

As it is Written in the Archives

The Colorado is one of the great rivers
of North America. Formed in Southern
Utah by the confluence of the Green and
the Grand, it intersects the northwestern
corner of Arizona, and flows southward
until it reaches tidewater in the Gulf of
California. It drains a territory of
300,000 square miles. At three points,
Needles, Parker and Yuma on the Cali-
fornia boundary, it is crossed by a rail-
road. Elsewhere its course lies far from
the routes of common travel.

The early Spanish explorers at first
reported it in 1 540. Again in 1 776, a
Spanish priest found a crossing at a

Fade e i & h t

The Grand Canyon is the most instructive example of one of the chief factors of earth-building — erosion.

Pa A e nine

place that still bears the name "Vado de
los Padres."

For more than eighty years thereafter
the Big Canyon remained unvisited
except by the Indian, the Mormon
herdsman, and the trapper, although the
Sitgreaves expedition of 1851, journeying
westward, struck the river about one
hundred and fifty miles above Yuma, and
Lieutenant Whipple in 1854 made a
survey for a practicable railroad route
along the thirty-fifth parallel, where a
railroad afterwards was constructed.

In 1857 the War Department dis-
patched an expedition in charge of
Lieutenant Ives to explore the Colorado
upstream to the head of navigation. Ives
ascended to the head of Black Canyon;
then returning to the Needles, he set
off northeast across country. He reached
the Canyon at Diamond and Cataract
Creeks in the spring of 1858, and made a
wide southward detour around the San
Francisco Peaks, thence to the Hopi
Pueblos, to Fort Defiance, and back to
civilization.

It remained for a geologist and a
school-teacher, a one-armed veteran of
the Civil War, John Wesley Powell,
afterward director of the United States
Geological Survey, to dare and to ac-
complish the exploration of the mighty
river.

In 1869 Major Powell started with nine

men and four boats from Green River
City, in Utah. Powell launched his
flotilla on May 24th, and on August
30th landed at the mouth of the Virgin
River, more than one thousand miles
by river channel from starting place,
minus two boats and four men. There
proved to be no impassable whirlpools
in the Grand Canyon, no underground
passages and no cataracts. But the trip
was hazardous in the extreme. The
adventurers faced the unknown at every
bend, daily, often several times daily,
embarking upon swift rapids without
guessing upon what rocks or in what
great falls they might terminate. Con-
tinually they upset.

Again, in 1871, he started down river
with three boats and went as far as the
Crossing of the Fathers. In the summer
of 1872 he returned to the row boats at
Lee's Ferry, and descended as far as the
mouth of Kanab Wash, where the river
journey was abandoned.

Powell's journal of the initial trip is a
most fascinating tale, written in a com-
pact and modest style, which, in spite of
its reticence, tells an epic story of purest
heroism. It definitely established the
scene of his exploration as the most
wonderful geological and spectacular
phenomenon known to mankind, and
justified the name which had been
bestowed upon it — the Grand Canyon.

F Jrrrnit Rim F

ilevard on the very brink of the Grand Canyon.

P a % e te

El Tovar Hotel and Bright Angel Cottages from Maricopa Point.

Since that day several expeditions have
traversed the same route, each experienc-
ing thrills enough for a lifetime. Powell
easily ranks at the top of the list. Not
only was he a pioneer, but his daring was
for the sake of scientific knowledge.

Canyon Geology

The average man measures long per-
iods of time by centuries. The geologist
reckons otherwise. To him a hundred

years are but the tick of a clock, the
passing of a summer cloud. He deals
in aeons as others do in minutes, and thus
is able to measure, after a fashion,
almost inconceivable time.

Searching for a convenient yardstick,
the building of our earth is first thought of
as divided into four eras. Periods are
lesser divisions of the eras. In the pro-
terozoic era there are two periods —
archaean and algonkian. The "paleozoic

P a

eleven

era has six periods — the cambrian, ordo-
vician, silurian, devonian, carboniferous
and permian. The mesozoic era divides
into the triassic, Jurassic and cretaceous
periods. The cenozoic era has five periods
— eocene, oligocene, miocene, pliocene
and pleistocene.

These four periods particularly must be
borne in mind, because they are the primer
of Canyon geology, viz., the archaean,
algonkian, cambrian and carboniferous
rocks, which are among the very oldest
of earth's strata. The later rocks un-
doubtedly were here once — nearly 12,000
feet of them — on top of what today is
top, but in some remote age they were
shaved off.

Yet the Canyon itself is accounted
geologically modern. It happened, so
scientists say, only yesterday.

Stand almost anywhere on the south
rim and look at the north wall, which is
the southern limit of the Kaibab plateau.
That north rim is three times as far from
the Colorado River as is the south rim,
and is 1,000 to 1,500 feet higher, viz.,
5,500 to 6,000 feet above the river,
compared with 4,500 feet. It is like a
section of layer cake, each layer of
different material and color — or like
gigantic beds of titanic masonry.

Begin at the top and go down. For
the first 3,000 feet or more, the wall
descends by cliffs, steep slopes and

narrow ledges. Next comes a wide
terrace, the Tonto platform. Lastly
appears the inner granite gorge, V-shaped
and 1,000 to 1,200 feet deep, with the
river flowing at the bottom in a trench
250 to 300 feet wide.

The light buff formation at the top is
the Kaibab limestone.

Beneath this is another light-colored
formation, the crossbedded Coconino
gray sandstone, presenting a sheer face.

The next is of bright red color, due to
oxide of iron; it consists of alternating
beds of hard sandstone cliff and soft shale
slopes, about 1,100 feet thick, and known
as the Supai formation.

Farther down is the Red wall or "blue"
limestone, 550 feet thick and very hard,
so finely grained it seems to be a single
bed; its precipitous cliffs are stained red
by wash from the strata above; in this
formation occurs Jacob's Ladder, on
Bright Angel Trail, and Cathedral Stairs,
on Hermit Trail.

These were laid down during the car-
boniferous period.

The horizontal formations below the red
wall form the Tonto group, of the Cambrian
period. In order, from top to bottom,
they are — Muav limestone, thin-banded
and grayish green; Bright Angel shale,
325 feet; and the basic rocks — Tapeats
sandstone, hard and brown, forming the
floor of the Tonto platform.

Where Hermit Road ends and Hermit Trail begin* is a unique rest house called Hermit's Rest.

P a A e twelve

The '.'Devil's Corkscrew" it a spiral pathway down an almost perpendicular wall on the Bright Angel Trail.

P a & e thirteen

You may notice that these strata are
not at the same height everywhere. This
is due to fractures or "faults," along
which the rocks on one side are much
lower than on the other.

All these nearly horizontal strata rest
on a level surface of archaean and
algonkian rocks, through which the river
has cut a lower inner gorge.

That, in brief, is what you see today.

Geologists agree that the rocks of each
period represent an uplift and subsidence
of the upper crust, extending over in-
calculable time, each subsidence being
followed by sedimentary deposits on the
sea bottom, ultimately forming a new
series of rocks.

Imagine this huge mass, say three and
a half miles thick, gradually lifted up,
and forming a plateau with an area of
13,000 to 15,000 square miles. The top
two-thirds, except an isolated butte here
and there, was next eliminated by erosion,
and then the Colorado River began to
cut the Grand Canyon through the lower
third.

Nobody knows to what extent, if any,
earthquake disturbances originally may
have helped to make the Grand Canyon,
but the masterful influence of erosion
is plainly to be seen. The Canyon has
not stopped changing. Every decade it
gets a fraction deeper and wider, by
erosion only.

Roadside erosion is familiar to us all.
A hundred times we have idly noted the
fantastic water-carved walls and minar-
etted slopes of ordinary ditches. But
seldom, perhaps, have we realized that
the muddy roadside ditch and the world-
famous Grand Canyon of the Colorado
River are, from Nature's standpoint,
identical; that they differ only in soil
and size.

An All-The-Year Resort

The Grand Canyon is more than some-
thing stupendous to look at. It is a
place for rest and recreation. It may be
visited any day in the year. When most
other mountain resorts are frozen up,
the titan of chasms is easily accessible.
During the winter snow falls in the pine
forest along the rim, and the upper sec-
tions of the trails to the river are covered
with a white blanket. Nevertheless one
may venture muleback down any of the
principal trails, confident that spring soon

will begin to peek out timidly and early
summer appear just around the turn.
For, going down, the climate changes
perceptibly every few hundred feet, so
that when on the rim a nipping frost is in
the air there are fragile desert flowers
blooming along the river gulches.

The weather in July or August is not
torrid, except at the very bottom of the
giant cleft. Up above, the rim is almost a
mile and a half above sea-level. That
means cool mornings, evenings and nights
Only at noon in the summer months does
the thermometer register a high figure
yet because of absence of moisture, in
midsummer one moves about in perfect
comfort during the day and sleeps under
a blanket at night.

Go down in summer and the tempera
ture comes up; come up in winter and the
temperature goes down. The difference
of nearly a mile in altitude between the
Colorado River and Canyon rim is like
traveling hundreds of miles north 01
south on the level.

Also high altitude means cool summers
while southerly latitude means warm
winters, as a rule — which explains wh>
the Grand Canyon is an ideal resort the
year 'round.

As a rule, too, this part of Arizona is a
land of sunshine; the air is dry and th
wind velocity is under the average. Eas>
drives, in the stimulating atmosphere oi
Arizona, a mile and a half up in the sky
soothe tired brain and nerves. Mon
vigorous is the horseback exercise, taker
through the parklike glades and reaches
of Tusayan Forest.

While spring and fall perhaps are more
attractive than midsummer or midwinter
each season has its special lure. Camp-
ing, during the December - to - March
period, is restricted to the inner canyon
region. The boulevard rim drives, and
the south wall trails are open from
January to January. So are the hotels.

Most persons make the mistake of
trying to see the Canyon in too short a
time. They rush in, rush around, and
rush out. That's the wrong way. The
right way is to take it leisurely.

A Pullman brings one to the very rim.
While it is possible to get a hasty glimpse
in a day, this hurried day must be spent
either on the rim or in a rush down the
trail to the river's edge; it is not possible
to do both between sunrise and sunset,

P a J>, e fourteen

•T- ' ?$&

A noted feature of Bright Angel Trail is Jacob's Ladder.
The Tonto Trail follows the inner gorge, thousands of feet below fhe rim.

Pa A e fifteen

c*y;*

4^^\^-
iv-z j.f

KAIBAB

THE

GRAND CANYON
NATIONAL PARK

ARIZONA

Scale
QS1 a ?4 ? ? ^ 8,M'LI

• - — ^ Boundary of Park
—=^«=— Wagon Road

r Automobile Road
_ _ _ ^ A/a/n Trails

Other Trails

Railroad

Pal

( i

TUSAYAN NATIONAL FOREST

MAfS

TO FLAGSTAFF CoDTrkbt bT Rtnd Mc.NallT i Co.

Pa & e

and both rim and river are well worth a
day for each.

It is much better to plan to stay at
least two full days, allowing one of them
for the trail to the river and the other for
rim drives. Or, combine both in the
Hermit Rim drive and Hermit Trail trip,
with a night in the Canyon.

Four or five days will enable you to
really see this sublime spectacle. Viewed
from above, it is an emotional experience.
Descend mule-back over trails which
zigzag steeply but safely down the cliffs,
and the experience is altogether different.

Accommodations for Travelers

On arrival at the Canyon the traveler finds
ample hotel accommodations, suitable enter-
tainment for leisure hours, and complete facili-
ties for outing trips. The saddle horses, mules
and coach animals are specially trained for
Western roads and trails. The vehicles are
comparable to those found at Eastern resorts.
Drivers and guides are experienced. The ex-
cellent hotels cater to all classes of visitors.

El Tovar — One of the most unique resort
hotels in the Southwest is located at the rail-
road terminus, near head of Bright Angel Trail,
at an elevation of 6,866 feet above sea-level.
It is named El Tovar, and is under management
of Fred Harvey.

It is a long, low structure, built of native
boulders and pine logs. There are ninety-three

sleeping-rooms, accommodating 1 75 guests.
Forty-six of these rooms are connected with
private bath.

There is a music-room, and rendezvous. In
the main dining-room 165 persons can be seated
at one time.

Hot and cold water, steam heat and electric
light are supplied. El Tovar also has a steam
laundry.

El Tovar Hotel is conducted on the American
plan, i. e., room and meals both included.
Rooms without bath, $5 a day for one person
and $9 a day for two persons occupying same
room; rooms with bath, $7 to $8 and upward
for one person, and $12 to $15 a day and up-
ward for two persons occupying same room.
Meals only: breakfast and luncheon, $1 each;
dinner, $1.50.

Bright Angel Cottages — Cozy lodgings in
cottages or tents at Bright Angel Cottages,
adjacent to El Tovar, cost $1.00 to $1.50 a
day, each person; meals are furnished a la carte
at the cafe. The accommodations are clean
and comfortable. There are four cottages, open
the year round and several large tents for sum-
mer only. All of the cottages have steam heat
and electric light; one cottage also has baths.
About 1 50 persons can be accommodated here.
Kitchen facilities are ample for quick, a la carte
service.

Grand View Hotel — This hotel, located at
Grand View, thirteen miles east of the railroad
station, is under management of Mr. P. D.

From the plateau there are many fine views of the inner canyon formi

P a & e eighteen

Camping in the Tusayan Forest on the rim.

Berry. It is a large frame edifice, with log
cabin annex, and can accommodate about fifty
guests in season. Not open for regular traffic
in winter.

The Lookout — The Lookout is a quaint
observatory and resthouse, built on the edge of
the rim near head of Bright Angel Trail.

It is equipped with a large binocular telescope
in the tower, for observing the most distant
reaches of the Canyon by day and for viewing
the heavens by night. There is a small library
for the layman and scientist. Canyon maps
and photos are displayed. The reception-room
has spacious windows, a fireplace, Navajo rugs
and easy chairs; it is electric lighted and steam
heated.

Hopi House — Opposite El Tovar is a repro-
duction of the dwellings of the Hopi Indians and
several Navajo hogans.

In the Hopi House are installed collections of
Indian handiwork. Here also live a small band
of Hopis. These are the most primitive In-
dians in our country. Their ceremonies are
hundreds of years old, the most famous being
that of the snake dance. The men weave
blankets and the women make pottery. The
Navajos weave fine blankets which find a ready
market and the silversmiths fashion their arti-
cles, mostly bracelets and rings, from Mexican
coin silver. Supai Indians from Cataract Can-
yon frequently visit El Tovar.

Hermit's Rest— Where Hermit Rim Road
ends and Hermit Trail begins is a unique rest-

house, built into the hill, with a roofed-in porch
and parapet wall. As the name implies, it is
intended to provide rest and shelter for parties
who take the Rim Road drive, or the Hermit
Trail trip. Guests may sit at the tables outside
or sheltered by the glass front inside, according
to weather, and enjoy a light lunch in unusual
surroundings. Admission is by ticket.

The Trails Down to the River — There are
but four points from which a descent may be
made of the south wall of the Grand Canyon
in the vicinity of the granite gorge:

1. At Grand View, down Grand View Trail.

2. At El Tovar, down Bright Angel Trail.

3. At Hermit Basin, down Hermit Trail.

4. West of Havasupai Point, down Bass
Trail.

Hermit and Bright Angel trails are regularly
used and are kept in excellent condition. Grand
View and Bass Trails are used infrequently.

The Canyon is accessible over trails at other
places outside of the district named, such as
Lee's Ferry Trail, by wagon from Winslow, and
Hopi Indian Trail, by way of Little Colorado
Canyon; but tourists take the El Tovar and
Hermit routes because of the superior facilities
there offered.

It is near Grand View that Marble Canyon
ends and the Grand Canyon proper begins.
Northward, eighteen miles away, is the mouth
of the Little Colorado Canyon. From Grand
View the beginning of the granite gorge is seen.

P a g e nineteen

P a A e twenty

Overlooking the Colorado River from Plateau Point.
Th« Coloardo River at foot of Bright Angel Trail.

El Tovar is approximately in the center,
Hermit a little west of center, and Bass Trail
at the western end of the granite gorge. By
auto road it is about thirteen miles from El
Tovar east to Grand View, eight miles west to
Hermit, and twenty-four miles west to Bass
Trail.

Hermit Rim Road

A scenic roadway, Hermit Rim Road, has been
built from El Tovar westward to the head of Her-
mit Basin, seven and a half miles. It is like a city
boulevard in the wilderness. 1 1 closely follows the
rim, by way of Hopi and Mohave Points, to
Pima Point, and thence along the east side of
Hermit Basin to top of Hermit Trail. In many
places there is a sheer drop of 2,000 feet within
a rod of the rim.

Along the entire route the gigantic panorama
of the Grand Canyon unfolds itself for miles
and miles, with views of Tusayan Forest, the
Cataract country, and, far to the west, the
purple peaks of the Uinkarets.

Powell Monument, on Sentinel Point, was
erected by the U. S. Government as a memorial to
Major John W. Powell, the first Canyon explorer.
This massive monument is constructed of native
rock and represents an Aztec sacrificial altar.

Regular Trip Drives by Coach — There
are several interesting "regular trip" drives by
coach. They are popular with everybody, the
expense being moderate. A list follows:

Hopi Point — El Tovar to Hopi Point, two
miles west, and back; first trip starts at 10 a. m. ;
rate, $1.00. Second trip leaves at 2 p. m.;
rate, $1.00. Third trip leaves at an hour timed
to reach the point before sunset; rate, $1.50.

Mohave Point — Three miles west; leaves
9 a. m. and 2 p. m.; rate, $2.

Hermit Rim Road — Fifteen miles round
trip — once in the forenoon and once in the
afternoon. The first starts at 9 a. m. and
reaches El Tovar, returning, at 1 p. m.; rate, $3.
The second starts at 2 p. m., and reaches El
Tovar, returning, about 5:30 p. m. ; rate, $3.
Stops are made en route at Hopi, Mohave and
Pima points. Rates named also include use
of facilities and light refreshments at Hermit's
Rest.

Yavapai and Grandeur Points — This
drive extends two miles east of El Tovar; start
10:15 a. m.; rate, $1.

Private Conveyance Rates — Where private
carriages or coaches are desired, an extra charge
of $2 is made for entire party, besides the
individual rate for regular service.

As an example — the rate for regular trip to
end of rim road is $3 each person. If one person
desires to make this trip in a special convey-
ance, that person would pay $5; if two persons
go, the entire expense would be $8; for three
persons, $11; and so on up to six. The $2
extra is collected for the party as a whole, and
not individually.

Rates for special autos vary with service
performed.

Note — If the demand for regular trip driven is no heavy
as to require use of all conveyances available, private
carriages or coaches will be discontinued temporarily.

Regular Trip Drives by Auto — With th<-

rapid development of good roads in Northern
Arizona, the use of the auto for seeing this sec-
tion enables visitors to get around quickly and
with comfort. One easily can make the detour
to the Canyon from either Flagstaff or Williams
over good natural roads, which for two-thirds of
the way, run over a rolling plain. To care for
increasing auto travel, a large stone garage has
been built at the Canyon, with ample facilities
for parking, repairing and supplying cars.

Some of the "regular" auto trips are mentioned
below. Autos are not permitted on Hermit
Rim Road, nor on the road to Yavapai Point,
nor on road from Rowe Well to Hopi Point.
This is a regulation of the United States Govern-
ment to safeguard travel by coach along the rim.
There are no such restrictions elsewhere in this
vicinity.

Special rates are made for special auto service.

Grand View — The round trip to Grand
View Point, thirteen miles each way, is made by
automobile in about three and a half hours,
allowing sufficient time to visit the nearby
outlooks. Leave El Tovar 9:30 a. m. and 2
p. m. daily; rate, $3. The ride is through the
tallest pines of the Tusayan Forest, via Long
Jim Canyon and Thor's Hammer.

From Grand View may be seen that section of
the Canyon from Bright Angel Creek to Marble
Canyon, including the great bend of the Col-
orado. On the eastern wall are Moran, Zuni,
Papago, Pinal, Navaho (Desert View) and
Comanche points; and the mouth of the Little
Colorado River. Still further beyond is the
Painted Desert and Navaho Mountain — the
latter plainly seen, though one hundred and
twenty miles away. The rim trail to Moran
Point is interesting. Grand View Trail enters
the Canyon near Grand View Point.

Desert View — At this point there is a far
outlook not only into the Canyon above the
granite gorge, where the river valley widens,
but also across the Painted Desert, toward Hopi-

P a f>, e twenty-one

Motoring through pine forest on way to Grand View.
Grand View Hotel.

Detroit Publishing Co.

land, and along the Desert Palisades to the
mouth of the Little Colorado. At sunset and
sunrise it is a glorious sight. For that reason
one preferably should arrange to stay over-
night — a camping trip, elsewhere referred to.
Where time is an object the run may be made
by auto there and back in a day, as soon as
the necessary road improvements have been
finished.

The distance is thirty-two miles each way, via
Grand View, Hull Tank, Trash Dam, Tanner
Tank, old Aztec ruin, and head of Tanner Trail.
Two round trips a day, leaving El Tovar 9 a. m.
and return by I :30 p. m. Rate for one person,
$20; for two persons, $10 each; for three or more
persons up to capacity of car, $8 each. Special
auto for parties of six persons or less, $48; lunch
extra, except for El Tovar room guests.

Flagstaff — It is about eighty-five miles, El
Tovar to Flagstaff, via Grand View, Lockett's
Lake. Skinner's Wash, Moki Wash and San
Francisco Peaks, over a main traveled road, on
which a good run is possible most of the year.
The round trip requires about two days.

This is a very enjoyable drive through pine
forests and across green mesas along the old-
time stage route to the Canyon. The town of
Flagstaff is located in the heart of the San
Francisco uplift. In this vicinity are pre-
historic cliff dwellings, extinct craters, volcanic
cones, lava beds and ice caves. The summit of

Humphrey's Peak, one of the peaks forming the
San Francisco Mountains, is 12,750 feet high.

Hermit Trail — A pathway down the south
wall of the Grand Canyon, named Hermit Trail,
has been built from end of Hermit Rim Road
to the Colorado River. One can take carriage
from El Tovar to head of Hermit Trail, and go
as far down as the plateau, muleback — a two-
days' round trip, spending the night at Hermit
Camp. Hermit-Tonto-Bright Angel Loop camp-
ing trip, requiring two to three days, includes
the rim road and three trails, Hermit, Tonto and
Bright Angel.

Hermit Trail is four feet wide. The descent
is accomplished by a series of easy grades. A
southern exposure for the first thousand feet at
top, renders it comparatively free in winter.
The lower section opens into the main Canyon
along Hermit Creek.

On the plateau, at the foot of a lofty peak,
Hermit Camp has been built — a central dining-
hall and eleven tents with accommodations for
thirty persons. Excellent camp meals are pro-
vided. The tents have pine floors and sides,
beds, rugs, and other conveniences.

The upper part of Hermit Trail leads down
into Hermit Basin, on the western slope, to
where the red wall begins. From Red Top to
the head of Cathedral Stairs the way leads along
the steep east wall of Hermit Gorge, almost on
a level.

P a A e twenty-two

At Cathedral Stairs there is an abrupt descent
through the blue limestone by a succession of
short zigzags. From camp to Colorado River
there is a new trail. The river view at Hermit
Rapids is one of the finest along the Colorado.
These rapids are narrow, long, and very rough.

Hermit Trail is distinguished from all the
others by its wide views of the big Canyon
nearly every rod of the way.

Hermit Camp Overnight — This trip takes
two days and one night. Hermit Rim Road to
head Hermit Trail; down Hermit Trail; stay
overnight at Hermit Camp; go to River foot of
Hermit Creek; return up Hermit Trail to rim;
thence Rim Road.

Start from El Tovar or Bright Angel Cottages
at 9 a. m., and return next afternoon. Round-
trip charge is $16 for each person; private guide,
$5 a day extra, rate quoted includes regular
guide, overnight accommodations and meals en
route.

Hermit-Tonto-Bright Angel Loop — This
trip takes two days and one night. Hermit
Rim Road to head Hermit Trail; down Hermit
Trail; stay over night at Hermit Camp; go to
River foot of Hermit Creek; return along Ton to
Trail to Indian Garden ; thence up Bright
Angel Trail.

Start from El Tovar or Bright Angel Cottages
at 9 a. m., and return next afternoon. Round-
trip charge is $23 for each person; private guide
$5 a day extra; rate quoted includes regular

guide, over-night accommodations and meals en
route.

Note — This trip can be lengthened to three days and
two nights by spending an extra night in the Canyon, also
going to River at foot of Bright Angel Trail — a 34-mile
journey. Rate. $14 a day. one person: $8 a day extra each
additional person; provisions extra; includes guide.

Bright Angel Trail — The trail here ia gen-
erally open the year 'round. In midwinter it is
liable to be closed for a day or two at the top
by snow, but such blockade is not frequent.
The trail reaches from the hotel seven miles to
Colorado River, with a branch terminating at
the top of the granite wall immediately over-
looking the river. At this latter point the
stream is 1 ,272 feet below, while El Tovar hotel
on the rim is 3,158 feet above. The trip is made
on muleback, accompanied by a guide.

Those wishing to reach the river leave the
main trail at Indian Garden and follow the
downward course of Indian Garden and Pipe
creeks. A feature of this section is a spiral
pathway up an almost perpendicular wall.

Another noted feature is Jacob's Ladder, cut
across the face of hard blue limestone rock.

For the first two miles it is indeed a sort of
Jacob's ladder, zigzagging at an unrelenting
pitch. At the end of two miles the blue lime-
stone level is reached some 2,500 feet below the
rim, that is to say — for such figures have to be
impressed objectively upon the mind — five
times the height of St. Peter's, the Pyramid of
Cheops, or the Strasburg Cathedral; eight times
the height of the Bartholdi Statue of Liberty;

At Desert View there is a far outlook into the Canyon and across the Painted Desert toward Hopiland.

P a & e twenty-three

and eleven times the height of Bunker Hill
Monument. Looking back from this level the
huge towers that border the rim shrink to pig-
mies and seem to crown a perpendicular wall,
unattainably far in the sky. Yet less than one-
half of the descent has been made.

Leave at 8:30 a. m. for the river trip, seven
miles; return to rim 5:30 p. m.; rate, $5 each
person. Leave 10:30 a. m. for trip to plateau
five miles; rate, $4 each. To plateau and river
same day, rate $6 for each person; start at
8 a. m. Rates quoted above are for each person
in parties of three or more. For special trips
with less than three persons there is a party
charge of $5 extra for guide. Lunch extra,
except for El Tovar room guests.

It is necessary that visitors who walk down
Bright Angel Trail and desire that guide and
mules be sent to meet them, be charged full
price and special guide fee of $5. This is un-
avoidable, as the mules and guides are not
available for any other trip, and in addition a
toll fee of $1 must be paid by the management
for each animal, whether the entire trail trip is
made or not.

Camping Trips — Camping trips with pack
and saddle animals, or with wagon and saddle
animals, are organized, completely equipped,
and placed in charge of experienced guides.

For climatic reasons it is well to arrange so
that camping trips during the season from
October to April are mainly confined to the
inner Canyon. For the remainder of the year,
i. e., April to October, they may be planned to
include both the Canyon itself and the rim
country.

The rates vary from $10 to $15 a day for one
person; $6 to $8 a day each additional person.
Such rates specially include services of guide
and camp equipment; provisions extra; figures
quoted are approximate only, varying with
different outings.

Dripping Spring — This trip is made on
horseback all the way, or carriage to rim and
saddle horses down trail; ten miles west, start
at 8:30 a. m. ; rate, $4 each for three or more
persons; for less than three persons, $5 extra for
guide. Private parties of three or more persons,
$5 extra for guide.

Cataract Canyon and Havasupai Village

- The best time to visit this place is from
May to October. A journey of about fifty
miles, first by wagon or auto, thirty-five miles,
across a timbered plateau, then on horseback
down Topocobya Trail, along Topocobya and
Cataract canyons, to the home of the Havasupai
Indians.

The home of this little band ofJ/200 Indians
is in Cataract Canyon, a tributary of the Grand
Canyon, deep down in the earth two-fifths of a
mile. The situation is romantic, and the sur-
roundings are beautified by falls of water over
precipices several hundred feet high, backed by
grottoes of stalactites and stalagmites. This
water all comes from springs that gush forth in
surprising volume near the Havasupai village.

The baskets made by the Havasupai women
consist of the burden basket, a shallow tray and
a water bottle of willow. Those made by the
older weavers are of fine mesh, with attractive
designs and bring good prices. No other
Indians know so well how to cook meat, seeds
and mush in coiled willow trays lined with clay.

This tribe is allied to the Wallapai, their near
neighbors on the west, and both speak the same
language, with slight variation of dialect.
Havasupai means people of the blue water.
Padre Garces was the first white man to visit
their canyon home. In early days the Havasu-
pais undoubtedly were cliff dwellers. They
built nearly all the Grand Canyon trails, or
rather their rude pathways were the advance
guard of the present trails. Their summer
homes resemble those of the Apaches. The
winter homes afford more protection against the
weather.

The round trip from El Tovar is made in
three days, at an expense of $15 a day for one
person, $20 a day for two persons, and $25 a
day for three persons. Each additional member
of party, $5 a day. Provisions extra. These
rates include service for party of one or two
persons, also cost of horse feed, but do not in-
clude board and lodging at Supai Village for
members of party and guide while stopping with
Indian agent, who charges $2 a day for each
person.

For parties of three to six persons an extra
guide is required, whose services are charged for
at $5 a day, besides his board and lodging at the
village.

Note — At the western end of the granite gorge is a
trail down to the Colorado River and up the other side to
Point Sublime and Powell's Plateau, the river being
crossed by ferry. Reached by team from El Tovar. a
distance of twenty-four miles, or it can be seen as a detour
on the Cataract Canyon trip; rates on application.

Desert View — Elsewhere reference is made
to Desert View auto trip. When taken by
wagon, it occupies three days, leaving El Tovar
morning of first day and returning afternoon of
third day, with all-night camp at destination.
Rate, $10 for one person, and $5 each additional
person; provisions extra; rate named includes
one guide; an extra guide costs $5 a day.

Little Colorado River — The trip to the
mouth of the Little Colorado is a most interest-

P a

twenty- fou

At Cathedral Stairs, on Hermit Trail, there is an abrupt descent through the blue limestone
by a succession of short zigzags.

P a & e twenty-five

ing one. Leaving Ell Tovar in the morning by
wagon, camp is made the first day at Deer
Tank. The next day the Cliff Dwellings are
visited, and the plateau overlooking the Canyon
of the Little Colorado is reached by midday.
From the edge of the plateau to the bottom of
the Canyon is a straight drop of 2,500 feet.

Painted Desert and Hopiland — The trip
is made with saddle and pack animals. The
first night the camp is at Saddle Horse Tanks.
Hopi Crossing of the Little Colorado is reached
the next afternoon and Tuba City the third day.
The Hopi village of Moenkopie is seen en route.

The Painted Desert country affords a most
interesting study of a phase of Indian entertain-
ment, little known to white people.

Horseback Trips — The Far West ranges
are the home of the horse. Here the pinto,
cayuse and broncho truly belong. Here they
grow strong of limb and swift of foot.

Recently many new bridle paths along the
rim and through the pines of Tusayan have
been opened up, so that horseback riding now
is possible for all. The animals are well trained and
dependable. Saddle-horses cost $4 a day, or $2.50
a half day. English, McLellan, Whitman or
Western stock saddles furnished as requested.
Side saddles not provided. The rate for special
guides is $5 a day, or $2.50 a half day. Horse-
back trips over any of the trails into the Canyon
are only permitted when accompanied by guide.
This is necessary to avoid risk in meeting trail
parties and pack trains.

Time Required — While one ought to re-
main a week or two, a stopover of three or four
days from the transcontinental trip will be quite
satisfactory. The Hermit overnight camping
trip requires one day and night. One day
should be devoted to a carriage ride along the
Hermit Rim Road, and by auto to Grand View.
Another day go down Bright Angel Trail and
back. A fourth day spent in short walks to
nearby points, or on horseback, will enable

CROSS SCCT10N SHOWING ROCK
STRATA IN GRAND CANYON

visitors to get more intimate views. Hermit
Loop three-day camping trip, down one trail
and up another, is well worth while.

The National Park Service of the Department
of the Interior recommends to the traveling pul
lie that stop-overs of as long duration as practi-
cable be planned at points within the Parks, —
that Grand Canyon National Park be regard*
not alone as a region which may be glimpsed on
a hurried trip, but also as a vacation playgroui
for rest and recreation.

One-Day Outings — In one day any one <
the following combinations of regular round
trips may be taken at the Canyon, from El
Tovar or Bright Angel Cottages:

1. (a) Hermit Rim Road, coach to head of

Hermit Trail, $3.
(b) Auto to Grand View, $3.

2. (a) Hermit Rim Road, coach to head of

Hermit Trail, $3.

(b) Hermit Trail to Santa Maria Spring,
$4; guide extra.

3. Bright Angel Trail to Plateau ($4) or river

($5).

4. (a) Coach to Yavapai Point, $1.

(b) Coach to Hopi Point, $1 and $1.50.

5. Bright Angel Trail to river and plateau, $6;

guide extra.

Two-Day Outings — In two days any one
of these regular trip combinations may be taken:

1. (a) Hermit Rim Road to head Hermit

Trail; Hermit Trail to Plateau Camp

and river; return same route; $16.

Note. — For return via Tonto and Bright

Angel Trails, instead of Hermit Trail, add $7,

each person.

2. (a) Bright Angel Trail to Plateau; round

trip, $4.

(b) Hermit Rim Road to head Hermit

Trail, round trip, $3.

What to Wear — If much tramping is done,
stout, thick shoes should be provided. Ladies
will find that short walking skirts are a con-
venience; divided skirts are preferable, but not
essential, for the horseback journey down the
zigzag trail. Traveling caps and (in summer)
broad-brimmed straw hats are useful adjuncts.
Otherwise ordinary clothing will suffice. Divided
skirts and straw hats may be rented at El Tovar
Hotel.

Flora and Fauna — Grand Canyon National
Park is bordered on the north by the Kaibab
National Forest and on the south by the Tusayan
National Forest. In fact, a part of each of
these forests is now within the boundaries of
the Park.

In this high forested region, the climatic
diversity on the rim and in the depths is indicated
all year, by the wild flowers, shrubs and trees.
On the rim are the pines, cedars, junipers, pinyon
and mesquite, also the cactus, "rose of the
desert," the cholla and ocatillo, the yucca or
Spanish bayonet, and many brilliantly colored
wild flowers. The farther down one goes, the
greater the change becomes. The pines drop

P a

t »• e n t y - s

On the plateau at base of Hermit Point U Hermit Camp.

Hermit Trail it four feet wide, with a low protecting wall on the outeide. The Colorado River at foot of Hermit Trail.

P a & e twenty-seven

out, then the cedar, juniper and pinyons. Many
new wild flowers appear.

There is a wide range of bird life, such as the
golden eagle, wild turkey, sage-hen, mocking-
bird, and the noisy magpie. Humming-birds
and Canyon wrens are seen everywhere.

The North Rim — About two hundred miles
to the southeast of Lund, Utah, by auto highway,
is Bright Angel Point, on the north rim of the
Grand Canyon. The journey will make an
appeal to those who aim to get away from the
usual and into the primitive. No regular
schedules are avilable for the entire distance; and
tourists must be satisfied with the homelike ac-
commodations of remote villages en route and
comfortable camps at the Canyon rim.

The route from Lund is thirty-five miles to
Cedar City, forty-four miles from Cedar City
to Hurricane, sixty-nine miles from Hurricane to
Fredonia and sixty-three miles from Fredonia
to Grand Canyon National Park.

The tour embraces several zones of altitude.
At Cedar City the climate is comparable with
that of Salt Lake City; southward the road
drops downward two thousand feet through the
Hurricane Fault into Utah's "Dixie," a gar-
den spot of semi-tropical vegetation and quaint
Mormon settlements. South of Hurricane the
route is across a land of Zane Grey's "Purple
Sage," and upward for sixty miles along the
magnificent stretches of the Kaibab Plateau,
whose southern escarpment, at an altitude of
8,000 feet, is the northern wall of the Grand
Canyon of the Colorado. These last sixty miles
are through the Kaibab forest, a national reserve
which exhibits on a grand scale one of the
largest forests of giant pines in the United States.
The high, dry, bracing pine-laden air, the forest
aisles, and occasional glimpses of wild deer, make
this ride a fitting prelude to the silent symphony
of the Grand Canyon itself.

How to Reach the Park

Grand Canyon National Park is directly
reached by a branch line of railroad extending
sixty-four miles northward from Williams, Ariz.
In certain trains through standard sleeping cars
are operated to and from Grand Canyon station.
Passengers using other trains and stopping over
at Williams will find adequate accommodations
at the Fray Marcos, station hotel.

Excursion Tickets

Stop-overs at Williams are permitted on
round-trip and one-way tickets, all classes, read-
ing to points beyond — also on Pullman tickets.
Side-trip fare from Williams to Grand Canyon
and return is $7.60. Round-trip excursion
tickets at reduced fares are on sale daily at prac-
tically all stations in the United States and Can-
ada to Grand Canyon, as a destination.

Baggage

Baggage may be checked through to Grand
Canyon station, if required. Passengers making
brief side-trips to Grand Canyon may check bag-
gage to Williams only or through to destination.
Certain regulations for free storage of baggage for
Grand Canyon passengers are in effect.

The route to the North Rim is elsewhere
described.

% Park Administration

Grand Canyon National Park is under the
jurisdiction of the Director, National Park Ser-
vice, Department of the Interior, Washington,
D. C. The Park Superintendent is located at
Grand Canyon, Ariz.

An exceptional snow fall on the rim of the Grand Canyon.

P a

twenty-ei}h

Navajo woman spinning wool.

Hopi Indian women weaving.

A Supai maiden from Cataract Canyon.
P a & e twenty-nine

Grand Canyon railroad station.
Trail party in front of Bright Angel Cottages.

Horseback party in Tusayan Forest.
Monument to Maj. J. W. Powell, first explorer of Grand Canyon.

U. S. Government Publications

The following publications may be obtained
free on written application to the Director of
the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.,

Glimpses of our National Parks. 48 pages,
illustrated.

Map of National Parks and National Monu-
ments. Shows location of all of the national
parks and monuments, and railroad routes to
these reservations.

The following publication may be obtained
from the Superintendent of Documents, Govern-
ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at
price given. Remittances should be by money
order or in cash.

The National Parks Portfolio. By Robert
Sterling Yard. 260 pages, 270 illustrations.
Pamphlet edition, 35 cents; book edition, 55
cents. Contains nine sections, each descriptive
of national park.

U. S. R. R. Administration
Publications

The following publications may be obtained
free on application to any consolidated ticket
office; or apply to the Bureau of Service, National
Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau —
Western Lines, 646 Transportation Building,
Chicago, 111.

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies

California for the Tourist

Colorado and Utah Rockies

Crater Lake National Park. Oregon

Glacier National Park. Montana

Grand Canyon National Park. Arizona

Hawaii National Park. Hawaiian Islands

Hot Springs National Park. Arkansas

Mesa Verde National Park. Colorado

Mount Rainier National Park, Washington

Northern Lakes — Wisconsin. Minnesota. Upper Michigan.

Iowa, and Illinois.
Pacific Northwest and Alaska
Petrified Forest National Monument. Arizona
Rocky Mountain National Park. Colorado
Sequoia and General Grant National Parks. California
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Montana. Idaho
Yosemite National Park. California
Zion National Monument. Utah

P a

thirty

The National Parks at a glance

United States Railroad Administration

Director General of Railroads

For particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc., apply to~any Railroad Ticket Agent, or to any
of the following United States Railroad Administration Consolidated Ticket Offices:

West

Lincoln, Neb 104 N. 13th St.

Little Rock. Ark. . .202 W. 2d St.

Beaumont. Tex., Orleans and Pearl Sts.

Bremerton. Wash 224 Front St.

Butte. Mont 2 N. Main St.

Chicago. Ill 175 W. Jackson Blvd.

Colorado Springs, Colo.

119 E. Pike's Peak Ave.

Dallas. Tex I 12-1 14 Field St.

Denver. Colo 601 17th St.

Des Moines, Iowa 403 Walnut St.

Duluth. Minn 334 W. Superior St.

El Paso, Tex .... Mills and Oregon Sts.

702 Houston St.

. . . . J and Fresno Sts.

21st and Market Sts.

58 S. Main St.

904 Texas Ave.

Ft. Worth. T.
Fresno, Cal . . . .
Galveston, Tex.
Helena, Mont. .
Houston, Tex . .
Kansas City, M
Ry. Ex. Bid

Long Beach, Cal . . L. A. & S. L Station
Los Angeles. Cal . . . .215 S. Broadway

Milwaukee. Wis 99 Wisconsin St.

Minneapolis. Minn.. 202 Sixth St. South
Oakland. Cal. . . 13th St. and Broadway

Ocean Park, Cal 160 Pier Ave.

Oklahoma City. Okla.

131 W. Grand Ave.

Omaha, Neb 1416 Dodge St

Peoria, III. . .Jefferson and Liberty Sts.

g.. 7th and Walnut Sts.

Annapolis. Md 54 Maryland Ave.

Atlantic City. N. J.. 1301 Pacific Ave.
Baltimore, Md. . . .B. & O. R. R. Bldg.

Boston. Mass 67 Franklin St.

Brooklyn. N. Y 336 Fulton St.

Buffalo. N. Y. .Main and Division Sts.
Cincinnati, Ohio. . .6th and Main Sts.

Cleveland. Ohio 1004 Prospect Ave.

Columbus, Ohio 70 East Gay St.

Dayton. Ohio 19 S. Ludlow St.

Asheville, N. C 14 S. Polk Square

Atlanta, Ga 74 Peachtree St.

Augusta. Ga 811 Broad St.

St. Paul. Minn . .4th and Jackson Sts.
Sacramento. Cal 801 K St.

Salt Lake City. Utah

Main and S. Temple Sts.
San Antonio, Tex.

315-17 N. St. Mary's St.

San Diego. Cal 300 Broadway

San Francisco, Cal

Lick Bldg.. Post St. and Lick Place
San Jose, Cal., 1 st and San Fernando Sts.

Seattle. Wash 714-16 2d Ave.

Shreveport, La., Milarn and Market Sts.
510 4th St.

Sioux City, Iowa

Spokane. Wash.

Davenport Hotel. 815 Sprague Ave.

Tacoma. Wash. ..1117-19 Pacific Ave.
6th and Franklin Sts.
L. A. & S. L. Station
.... 226 Portage Ave.

Waco. Tex....
Whittier. Cal..
Winnipeg, Man

Phoenix, Ariz.

Adams St. and Central Ave.
Portland, Ore. .3d and Washington Sts.

Pueblo. Colo 401-3 N. Union Ave.

St. Joseph, Mo 505 Francis St.

St. Louis, Mo.

318-328 North Broadway

East

Detroit, Mich ... 1 3 W. LaFayette Ave.
Evansville. Ind. . . L. & N. R. R. Bldg

Grand Rapids. Mich 125 Pearl St.

Indianapolis. Ind.. I 12-14 English Block
Newark, N. J., Clinton and Beaver Sts.

New York, N. Y 64 Broadway

New York, N. Y 57 Chambers St.

New York. N. Y 31 W. 32d St.

New York. N. Y I 14 W. 42d St

South

Knoxville. Tenn 600 Gay St.

Lexington. Ky Union Station

Louisville, Ky . . . .4th and Market Sts.

Lynchburg, Va 722 Main St.

Memphis, Tenn 60 N. Main St.

Mobile, Ala 51 S. Royal St.

Montgomery, Ala Exchange Hotel

Nashville, Tenn. Independent Life Bldg.
New Orleans, La St. Charles Hotel

For detailed information regarding National Parks and Monuments address Bureau of Service,
National Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau — Western Lines, 646 Transportation Building.
Chicago.

Birmingham, Ala.
Charleston, S. C. .
Charlotte. N. C. . . .
Chattanooga, Tenn.
Columbia, S. C. . . .
Jacksonville. Fla. .

2010 1st Ave.

. Charleston Hotel

. .22 S. Tryon St.

..81 7 Market St.

.Arcade Building

. . .38 W. Bay St.

Philadelphia. Pa..

Pittsburgh. Pa

Reading. Pa

Rochester. N. Y. .
Syracuse, N. Y. . .

Toledo, Ohio

Washington, D. C.
Williamsport. Pa. .
Wilmington. Del. .

Paducah, Ky

.. Fla..

1539 Chestnut St.

. .Arcade Building

..I6N. Fifth St.

20 State St.

. University Block
320 Madison Ave.
. 1229 F St. N. W.
.4th and Pine Sts.
. . .905 Market St.

Pensacola
Raleigh. N. C
Richmond. Va
Savannah, Ga

Sheffield. Ala Sheffield Hotel

Tampa. Fla Hillsboro Hotel

Vicksburg. Miss. .1319 Washington St.
Winston-Salem. N. C.. 236 N. Main St.

. . .430 Broadway
.San Carlos Hotel
305 LaFayette St.

. .830E. Main St.
37 Bull St.

P a

t h i

r t y - o n e

PRESS OF THE HENRY O. SHEPARO CO., CHICAGO

This series of tremendous chasms reaches its culmination in a chaotic gorge 217 miles long.
9 to 13 miles wide, and more than 6000 feet deep.

r/miimrnmiiiiiiimiiiiimiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiimiimm mm

HA WAI

National Park

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

!§• UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION

N AT IONAL PARK. SE

lilMIIMItmilimi

Pa g e two

An Appreciation of the

Hawaii National Park

By E. M. NEWMAN, Traveler and Lecturer

Written Especially for the United States Railroad Administration

FIRES of a visible inferno burning in the
midst of an earthly paradise is a striking con-
trast, afforced only in the Hawaii National
Park. It is a combination of all that is terrify-
ing and all that is beautiful, a blending of the awful with
the magnificent. Lava-flows of centuries are piled high
about a living volcano, which is set like a ruby in an emer-
ald bower of tropical grandeur. Picture a perfect May
day, when glorious sunshine and smiling nature combine
to make the heart glad; then multiply that day by three
hundred and sixty-five and the result is the climate of
Hawaii. Add to this the sweet odors, the luscious fruits,
the luxuriant verdure, the flowers and colorful beauty of
the tropics, and the Hawaii National Park becomes a
dreamland that lingers in one's memory as long as memory
survives.

Page three

To the American People:

Secretary of the Interior

Hawaii National Park

HE Hawaiian Islands, in
the mid-Pacific, comprise a
land of exquisite charm, in
a novel setting.

It is the land of the
cocoanut and the royal palm; the poin-
ciana regia and the monkeypod. Here
the pleasure-seeking traveler also dis-
covers the banyan and the hau, the
golden shower and the hibiscus, the
pineapple and the papaya, the kukui
and algeroba , the lantana and pan-
danus. And, from the coral plains
thus carpeted, spring the world's most
spectacular volcanoes, thousands of
feet above the vast surrounding blue
of the Pacific's dazzling waters.

The Hawaii National Park, created
by the United States Government in
1916, and administered by the National
Park Service of the Department of the
Interior, includes three celebrated Ha-
waiian volcanoes, Kilauea and Mauna
Loa on the island of Hawaii, and
Haleakala, on the island of Maui.
These islands are connected by fre-
quent steamer service with the port of
Honolulu, island of Oahu.

"The Hawaiian volcanoes," writes
T. A. Jaggar, Jr. , director of the Hawaiian
Volcano Observatory, "are truly a na-
tional asset, wholly unique of their
kind, the most famous in the world of
science and the most continuously, va-

riously, and harmlessly active volcanoes
on earth. Kilauea crater has been nearly
continuously active, with a lake or lakes
of molten lava, for a century. Mauna
Loa is the largest active volcano in the
world, with eruptions about once a dec-
ade, and has poured out more lava dur-
ing the last century than any other
volcano on the globe. Haleakala is
a mountain mass ten thousand feet
high, with a tremendous crater rift in
its summit eight miles in diameter and
three thousand feet deep, containing
many high lava cones. Haleakala is
probably the largest of all known
craters among volcanoes that are tech-
nically known as active. It erupted less
than two hundred years ago. The
crater at sunrise is the grandest vol-
canic spectacle on earth."

The lava lake at Kilauea is the most
spectacular feature of Hawaii
National Park. It draws visitors from
all over the world. It is a lake of
molten, fiery lava a thousand feet long,
splashing on its banks with a noise like
waves of the sea, while great fountains
boil through it fifty feet high. This ex-
hibition of one of the most amazing
revelations of nature — the terrific and
irresistible forces of the earth's internal
fires — is accessible by automobiles al-
most to the very brink, and may be
safely viewed. The National Park
areas also include gorgeous tropical

Pag e four

The Pali, at head of Nuuanu Valley, near Honolulu

jungles and fine forests. Sandalwood,
elsewhere extinct, grows luxuriantly,
and there are mahogany groves.
The Paradise of the Pacific

Hawaii is a Territory of the United
States, annexed in 1898. The inhabit-
ed islands comprise a chain of eight,
stretching over a distance of more than
four hundred miles, with a total area
of 6,500 square miles and a population
of 256,180. From northeast to south-
west the islands are Niihau. Kauai,
Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Lanai, Kahoo-
lawe and Hawaii, the latter giving its
name to the group. Honolulu, island
of Oahu, is the capital, the chief com-
mercial city and a tourist resort.

The ocean voyage of more than two
thousand miles from the mainland is
full of interest, occupying several days
in splendidly equipped and luxurious
steamers. The waters soon become
more placid, more deeply blue; the sky
is softer, the air more balmy, and all
around prevails the sweet influence of
summer seas, restful and inviting. Sun-
rise and sunset become more brilliant,
and the nights of the full moon are
flooded with a golden light that sug-
gests fairy scenes of enchantment on
the Isles beyond. Rounding Diamond
Head, the landmark of Honolulu har-
bor, the deep blue of the ocean shades

off with all the lighter blues, then runs
the gamut through every shade of
green, until the waves are seen break-
ing in a long line of dazzling, foaming
surf on the far-famed beach of Wai-
kiki.

The city of Honolulu has a popula-
tion of 75,000 and differs but little
from American cities in social customs,
manner of living, business life, and
modern improvements. Next to ideal
climate the visitor expects to find first-
class hotels. In this respect he can be
accommodated either in the palatial
city hotels or in those at the beach.
For those who prefer the residence and
bungalow types of hotels, there are
many conveniently situated.

The Executive Building, formerly
the lolani Palace, contains numerous
interesting features reminiscent of the
past when the islands were under na-
tive control. In the Throne Room,
which is now the Territorial House of
Representatives, are hung portraits of
former kings and their consorts. The
royal Hawaiian coat-of-arms, now the
Territorial, together with gilded spears
and other marks of olden days, may
still be seen in the ornamentation of the
interior.

Beautiful parks, with their royal
palms, gorgeous tropical flowers,

' Page five

(£) BY NEWMAN TRAVEL TALKS AND BROWN » DAWSON N Y

Haleakala — largest quiescent volcano in the world

Page six

Waves of Lava, as seen by night

The Devil's Kitchen. Volcano of Kilauea

View of Golf Course and Country Club, Honolulu

strange trees and shrubs, suggest a
fairy-land to the visitor unaccustomed
to such scenes. In the automobile tours
of Honolulu and its suburbs, over the
admirable boulevards and highways,
frequently one sees the scalloped
branches of the night blooming cereus,
drooping over hedges and walls. The
glory and fragrance of the rare blos-
soms may be enjoyed only after night-
fall, when the great white petals unfold
to greet the brilliant stars.

Waikiki Beach, the sea-side resort of Hono-
lulu, fronts directly on the blue Pacific and is
protected by a great coral reef half a mile or
more off shore. Against this barrier the
mighty rollers dash and rush headlong in
foam-crested torrents across the lagoon. A
daring and distinctively Hawaiian aquatic
sport is surf-riding. It is most fascinating
to watch the men and boys standing erect
on their surfboards dashing shoreward and
topping the crests of the highest breakers.
Surf-riding in the outrigger canoes is an en-
joyable sport and under the guidance of skill-
ful Hawaiian paddlers is safe but decidedly
speedy and thrilling. The sea bathing is per-
fect; the temperature of the water is about 78
degrees the year 'round.

Delightful railroad and motor trips of mod-
erate length may be enjoyed from Honolulu.
The automobile tour around the island is par-
ticularly interesting. A panorama of ever-
changing beauty is unfolded — precipitous
mountains, foaming surf, dense tropical vege-
tation, fields of sugar cane, pineapple planta-
tions and rice fields affording a continuous
variety of scene. The Pali, famed in story,

is at the head of Nuuanu Valley, six milea
from Honolulu. "Pali" is an Hawaiian word
meaning "cliff," and Nuuanu Pali towers
1,200 feet, a precipice flanked on both sides
by mountain walls 3,500 feet in height. It
was in I 795, in the Nuuanu Valley, that the
army of Oahu took its final stand against the

invaders under Kamehameha the Great the

Napoleon of the South Seas. Forced by
their enemies up the valley toward the great
cliff, all that remained of Oahu's army, about
3,000, were finally driven over the cliff to de-
struction on the rocks below.

Hauula, on the windward side of the island,
and Haleiwa, on the Waialua Bay, offer many
attractions, coupled with excellent hotel ac-
commodations.

The attractions of Oahu are far from ex-
hausted, but perhaps the visitor is ready to
view wonders of very different character —
the volcanoes, the ever-living crater of
Kilauea, and the inspiring Mauna Loa and
Haleakala.

Kilauea and Mauna Loa

The world-famed active volcano of Kilauea,
the marvelous country surrounding it, and
the towering crater of Mauna Loa, scarcely
less remarkable, are situated on the island of
Hawaii. An overnight steamer ride of 192
miles from Honolulu brings one to Hilo, pop-
ulation 10,000, the largest town on Hawaii
and the second in size and importance in the
islands. Hilo is very attractive, has good
hotels, and is the starting point for the trip in-
land to Kilauea volcano. There is a splendid
harbor at Hilo, protected by a breakwater, and
one of the prettiest spots is Cocoanut Island,
from which a panoramic view of the moun-
tains lies outstretched. In front is the placid
bay of Hilo, and on the shore beyond is the

Pag e seven

LANAI

Wahapuu

O
Ka.-naiki Ft*

C. Kaea

KAHOOU

KealaiUahiki PjJS
1

HAWAII
NATIONAL PARK

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

Scale

National Park Boundaries

\Railroads
Roads

INTER-ISLAND S. S. ROUTES

The Short Scenic Route

Kona Coast

Page eight

Page nine

Piihonua Falls, near Hilo. Island of Hawaii

Pa g e ten

Fiery Crater of Kilauea. at night

city, almost hidden by luxuriant tropical foli-
age, while in the background are seen the

two loftiest mountains in this ocean at the

right, Mauna Kea, snow-hooded at the left,

majestic Mauna Loa.

The trip from Hilo to Kilauea volcano is by
automobile, a distance of thirty miles. From
Hilo the road gradually ascends through sugar
cane and pineapple plantations, to a high
elevation and then plunges into a great forest
of tree ferns, whose fronds are thirty feet
overhead and provide a delightful canopy for
many miles. At 4,000 feet elevation the tour
ends at Crater Hotel, or a mile beyond at
Volcano House on the rim of the crater.
Here are unobstructed views of towering
snow-capped mountains and the great crater,
Kilauea, an enormous pit nearly eight miles
in circumference and six hundred feet deep,
enclosing an area of 2,650 acres. Filling the
floor of this vast bowl is a sea of solidified
lava, twisted and contorted into every imag-
inable shape, with jets of steam, vapor and
sulphurous fumes rising from innumerable
crevices and cracks. Almost at the center is
the active throat of the volcano itself, called
by the natives, Halemaumau, The House of
Everlasting Fire. This was, in Hawaiian
mythology, the home of Pele, the goddess of
fire.

This throat or inner pit is a mile in cir-
cumference and contains at all times a raging
sea of molten lava, its white-hot waves lash-
ing and gnawing at the imprisoning walls,
and its vast fountains of incandescent rock
eternally flinging their fiery spray in air;
seething and roaring in awful grandeur. The
molten sea rises and falls periodically, at
times even overflowing the rim of the pit and
spreading out over the floor of the main
crater, while red-hot crags and massive

islands rise from its depths to either collapse
in tumultuous avalanches or subside gently
beneath the surface of the lava. The pit is
fascinating by daylight, but at night, when
the imprisoned fires are at their grandest, the
scene is enthralling. It may be witnessed in
perfect safety. No accident has ever taken
place in connection with its activities. The
Devil's Kitchen, the Picture Frame, and Pele's
Bathroom are among the interesting volcanic
freak formations on the main crater bed.
The U. S. Weather Bureau maintains a vol-
canic observatory upon the brink of the
crater, and visitors are welcome to inspect
the apparatus installed.

Kilauea is the center of a district unex-
celled in volcanic marvels, and at least a week
could be devoted to its exploration. There
are many great craters withing easy walking
distance; interesting lava tubes or tunnels,
wonderful forests of ancient Koa trees and
tree ferns, banks of live sulphur, and bot-
tomless fissures and earthquake cracks.

The trails are well marked by signboards
and horses are obtainable for longer expedi-
tions, or for the two-day trip to the summit
of Mauna Loa, intermittently active and the
world's largest volcano. Near the top of this
great mountain, towering to a height of
13,675 feet above the sea, is the crater of
Mokuaweoweo, with an area of 2,370 acres,
a circumference of 9.47 miles, a length of 3.7
miles, and a width of 1.74 miles. This trip
is made by horseback, and convenient rest
houses are located on the slope of the moun-
tain.

Another route to Kilauea is by steamer
from Honolulu to Kailua, 1 73 miles, touching
at Mahukona and Kawaihae and by automo-
bile, 1 0 1 miles, from Kailua to the volcano.
The stops en route afford opportunities to

Page eleven

Towering Mauna Loa from Hilo

Page twelve

Night View of the Volcano of Kilauea

Tree Ferns on road to Kilauea Volcano

Cooled Lava formation, on the floor of a giant crater

visit scenic and historical parts of the island
of Hawaii in the Kona district, abounding in
coffee, sugar-cane, tobacco, sisal and tropical

fruits such as Kealakekua Bay, the Captain

Cook Monument, Napoopoo and Honaunau,
the site of the famous Hale O Keawe, the best
known of Hawaiian places of refuge and
temples.

Of the many side-trips from Hilo, a ride
on the railway to Paauilo is most spectacular.
Costing more than $100,000 per mile, the
road crosses over two hundred streams, fol-
lows the coast line north of Hilo and reveals
a bewildering array of gulches or canyons,
between ancient lava flows, with wonderful
foliage and waterfalls. The adjoining Puna
District shows the best examples of native
life and the largest cocoanut grove on the
islands.

Haleakala

Another area of the Hawaii National Park
comprises the volcano of Haleakala, situated
on the island of Maui. After a few hours'
voyage of seventy-five miles from Honolulu,
or while en route between Honolulu and
Hilo, the traveler lands at Lahaina and rides
twenty-three miles by automobile to Wailuku,
a town of 3,000 inhabitants, the third in size
in the islands. From Lahaina to Wailuku is
over a road often compared with the Amain
drive in Italy. On the left rises precipitously
high mountains, while, just as steep, on the
right, the road is built 200 feet and more over
the ocean. In full view is the lofty crest of
Haleakala.

lao Valley, sometimes called "The Yosem-
ite of Hawaii," penetrates the mountain mass
just back of Wailuku, and is perhaps the most
beautiful valley in the islands. It is five miles
long, two miles wide, and near its head is
4,000 feet deep. It is filled with dense

tropical growths of every kind. Through it
flows the Wailuku River, which received its
name (water of blood) in 1 790 when Kame-
hameha fought and conquered the King of
Maui in a desperate battle. There are many
curious and interesting formations in the
rock-ribbed mountains.

Haleakala, the House of the Sun, is the
largest quiescent volcano in the world. The
elevation of its summit is 10,032 feet. Its
crater is nineteen square miles, or 12,160
acres; the circumference of the rim, twenty
miles; extreme length, 7.48 miles; extreme
width, 2.37 miles. The almost vertical walls
drop half a mile or more. It is impossible to
realize the great area of the crater. The whole
of New York City, below Central Park, could
be buried within its depths, and the highest
of that city's church spires would be but toys
by the side of its cinder cones; cones which
rise like young mountains from the bottom of
the crater, and which are relatively but fair-
sized ant-hills when viewed from the sum-
mit. The silver sword, an indigenous plant
born of the ash and scoria of the volcano,
grows within the crater and in but one other
place in the world. It consists of a great
mass of silvery-white, bristling sword shaped
leaves resting upon the ground, from which
rises a stalk, strung with flowers, to the
height of five or six feet.

On the crater's edge stands a substantial
rest house which makes the night comfortable
to the visitor. This vantage point is above
the usual cloud elevation. The level rays of
the setting sun illuminate every nook and
corner of the stupendous crater and bring to
view the outlines and delicate tints of the
majestic pictures which have been hung in
this mammoth gallery, to thrill and awe all
who look upon them.

Page thirteen

Mark Twain wrote: "It is the sublimest
spectacle I ever witnessed. I felt like the
Last Man, neglected of the judgment, and left
pinnacled in mid-heaven, a forgotten relic of
a vanished world." Said Jack London: "For
natural beauty and wonder the nature-lover
may see dissimilar things as great as Halea-
kala, but no greater, while he will never see
elsewhere anything more beautiful or won-
derful."

The established trip to Haleakala includes
automobile service from Wailuku to lao Val-
ley and to Olinda, twenty-one miles, and
saddle horses and guide from Olinda, eight
miles to the summit. The round-trip re-
quires two days and one night from Wailuku.
The visitor to Haleakala who has the time and
is physically equal to spending three or four
days in the saddle may make the return trip
from the summit over the floor of the crater,
out through the Kaupo Gap and around the
windward side of the island by what is known
as the "Ditch Trail," passing through Alea,
Hana, Nahiku and Kaenae. The "Ditch"
country is a huge conservatory.

Kauai, the Garden Isle

Kauai, area 546.9 square miles, is the
smallest of the four principal islands of the
group. It is ninety-eight miles from Hono-
lulu to Nawiliwili, the harbor for Lihue, two
miles distant. The island retains to a great
degree its primitive beauty. It holds many at-
tractions for tourists, among which are the
brilliantly colored Waimea and Olokele can-
yons and the bay and valley at Hanalei.
Among other natural wonders are the Bark-
ing Sands at Nohili and the Spouting Horn at
Koloa.

Park Area

Kilauea section 17,290 acres, Mauna Loa
section 37.200 acres, and Haleakala section
20. 1 75 acres

Climate

The coastal regions of the Hawaiian
Islands have a temperature which varies not
more than 1 0 degrees through the day, and
which has an utmost range during the year
between the degrees of 85 and 55. The
humidity is low. There are no cyclones, nor
hurricanes, no foggy days and no malaria.
The cool invigorating northeast trade winds
blow almost continuously. In the high alti-
tudes the temperature falls and on the heights
of Haleakala, Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea
the freezing point is often reached.

Sports and Amusements

Among the all year 'round diversions are
swimming, surf-riding, game fishing, yacht-
ing, golf, polo, baseball, cricket, football, ten-
nis, motoring, hunting, horse-racing, horse-
back riding and mountain climbing. There
are splendid golf courses at the Country Club
of Honolulu, at Moanalua, at Schofield Bar-
racks and at Haleiwa.

The Mid-Pacific Carnival, many features of
which are staged at Waikiki Beach, is held
annually in February.

Celebrating Kamehameha Day the Terri-
torial Fair is held annually in June, featuring

pageants depicting ancient Hawaiian customs,
while during the September Regatta some of
the world's champion swimmers can be seen
in action.

Sight-Seeing Tours

Sight-seeing tours are operated from Hono-
lulu to points of interest throughout the
islands. From Honolulu to Kilauea Volcano
and return, "all-expense" tours of three days
are priced at $34.00 and $37.00, six days at
$54.00, and nine days at $67.50. From
Honolulu to Haleakala Volcano and return,
all expenses of a two-day trip are about
$50.00. Combination tours to both Halea-
kala and Kilauea Volcanoes, with side-trip
to Mauna Loa Volcano, are available.

The Hawaii Tourist Bureau

A fully equipped Information Bureau is
maintained by the Hawaii Tourist Bureau,
Alexander Young Building, Bishop Street,
Honolulu, T. H. Visitors to the islands are
invited to make use of this Bureau.

Administration

Hawaii National Park is under the juris-
diction of the Director, National Park Service,
Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.

U. S. Government Publications

The following publication may be obtained
from the Superintendent of Documents, Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C.,
at price given. Remittances should be by
money order or in cash.

National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard. 260
pages. 270 illustrations, descriptive of nine National
Pamphlet edition. 35 cents; book edition.

55 cents

The following publications may be obtained
free on written application to the Director of
the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

Glimpses of our National Parks. 48 pages, illustrated.
Map showing location of National Parks and National
Monuments, and railroad routes thereto.

U. S. R. R. Administration Publications

The following publications may be obtained
free on application to any consolidated ticket
office; or apply to the Bureau of Service, Na-
tional Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau
— Western Lines, 646 Transportation Building.
Chicago, 111.

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies
California for the Tourist
Colorado and Utah Rockies
' Crater Lake National Park. Oregon

• Glacier National Park. Montana
Grand Canyon National Park. Arizona

, Hawaii National Park. Hawaiian Islands

• Hot Springs National Park. Arkansas
1 Mesa Verde National Park. Colorado

• Mount Rainier National Park. Washington

Northern Lakes — Wisconsin. Minnesota. Upper Michigan.

Iowa, and Illinois.
Pacific Northwest and Alaska
' Petrified Forest National Monument. Arizona

• Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado

Sequoia and General Grant National Parks, California
Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming. Montana. Idaho
Yosemite National Park. California
Zion National Monument. Utah

Page fourteen

The National Parks at a Glance
United States Railroad Administration

For particulars as to fares,
to any of

Austin Tex 215 Congress Ave.

Beaumont. Tex.. Orleans and Pearl Sts.

Bremerton. Wash 224 Front St.

Butte. Mont 2 N. Main St.

"Chicago. Ill I 79 W. Jackson St.

Colorado Springs. Colo.

119 E. Pike's Peak Ave.

Dallas. Tex 1 12-1 14 Field St.

Denver. Colo 601 17th St.

Des Moines. Iowa 403 Walnut St.

Duluth. Minn 334 W. Superior St.

El Paso. Tex. . . .Mills and Oregon Sts.

Ft. Worth. Tex 702 Houston St.

Fresno. Cal J and Fresno Sts.

Galveston. Tex. .21st and Market Sts.

Helena. Mont 58 S. Main St.

Houston. Tex 904 Texas Ave.

Kansas City. Mo.

. | Ry. Ex. Bldg.. 7th and Walnut Sts.

Annapolis, Md 54 Maryland Ave.

Atlantic City. N. J. . . 1301 Pacific Ave.
Baltimore. Md. . . . B. & O. R. R. Bldg.

Boston. Mass 67 Franklin St.

Brooklyn. N. Y 336 Fulton St.

Buffalo. N. Y.. Main and Division Sts.
Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .6th and Main Sts.
Cleveland. Ohio .... 1 004 Prospect Ave.

Columbus. Ohio 70 East Gay St.

Dayton. Ohio 19 S. Ludlow St.

Director General of Railroads

train schedules, etc., apply to any Railroad Ticket Agent, or
the following Consolidated Ticket Offices.

West

Asheville. N. C

Atlanta. Ga

Augusta, Ga

Birmingham. Ala. . .

Charleston. S. C

Charlotte. N. C

Chattanooga. Tenn .

Columbia. S.C

Jacksonville. Fla . . .
Knoxville.Tenn . . . .

Lincoln. Neb I04N. 13th St.

Little Rock. Ark 202 W. 2d St.

Long Beach. Cal. .L. A. & S. L. Station

Los Angeles. Cal 221 S. Broadway

Milwaukee. Wis 99 Wisconsin St.

Minneapolis. Minn.,202 Sixth St. South
Oakland. Cal. . . 13th St. and Broadway
Ocean Park. Cal.. Pacific Elec. Station
Oklahoma City. Okla.

131 W. Grand Ave.

Omaha. Neb 1416 Dodge St.

Peoria. 111. . .Jefferson and Liberty Sts.
Phoenix. Ariz.

Adams St. and Central Ave.
Portland, Ore.. 3d and Washington Sts.

Pueblo. Colo 401-3 N. Union Ave.

St. Joseph. Mo 505 Francis St.

St. Louis, Mo.. 3 1 8-328 North Broadway
St. Paul. Minn. . .4th and Jackson Sts.

East

Detroit. Mich ... 13 W. LaFayette Ave.
Evansville. Ind. . . L. & N. R. R. Bldg.

Grand Rapids. Mich 125 Pearl St.

Indianapolis. Ind.. 1 12-14 English Block

Montreal. Que 238 St. James St.

Newark, N. J.. Clinton and Beaver Sts.

New York. N. Y 64 Broadway

New York. N. Y 57 Chambers St.

New York. N. Y 31 W. 32 St.

New York. N. Y I 14 W. 42d St.

South

Sacramento. Cal 801 K St.

Salt Lake City. Utah

Main and S. Temple Sts.
San Antonio, Texas

315-17 N. St. Mary'. St.

San Diego. Cal 300 Broadway

San Francisco. Cal 50 Post St.

San Jose. Cal.. 1st and San Fernando Sts.

Seattle. Wash 714-16 2d Ave.

Shreveport. La..Milam and Market Sts.

Sioux City. Iowa 510 4th St.

Spokane. Wash.

Davenport Hotel. 815 Sprague Ave.
Tacoma. Wash. ... I I 17-19 Pacific Ave.
Waco, Texas. . . ,6th and Franklin Sts.

Whittier. Cal L. A. & S. L. Station

Winnipeg. Man 226 Portage Ave.

Philadelphia. Pa.. . . 1539 Chestnut St.

Pittsburgh. Pa Arcade Building

Reading. Pa !6xR Fifth St.

Rochester. N. Y 20 State St.

355 So. Warren St.

.320 Madison Ave.
.1229FSt. N. W.

Syracuse. N. Y. .

oyracus*
Toledo. Ohio.
Washington. D. C.
Williamsport. Pa.
Wilmington. Del . .

.4th and Pine Sts.
. . .905 Market St.

14 S. Polk Square Lexington Ky Union Station ' Paducah. Kv . . . .

- '" y Pensacola. Fla San Carlos Hotel

. 74 Peachtree St.
....811 Broad St.

2010 1st Ave.

. Charleston Hotel

. . 22 S. Tryon St.

..817 Market St.

. Arcade Building
. ..38 W. Bay St.
.600 Gay St.

.430 Broadway
Louisville, Ky .... 4th and Market Sts.

Lynchburg. Va 722 Main St.

Memphis. Tenn 60 N. Main St.

Mobile. Ala 51 S. Royal St.

Montgomery Ala Exchange Hotel

Nashvile.Ten.. Independent Life Bldg.

NewOrleans.La St. Charles Hotel

Norfolk Va Monticello Hotel

For detailed information regarding National Parks and Monuments address Bureau of
-Service, National Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau — Western Lines, 646 Transportation
Bldg.. Chicago.

SEASON 1919 RATHBUN-CRANT-HELLER CO.. CHICAGO Page fifteen

Raleigh. N. C 305 LaFayette St.

Richmond. Va 830 E. Main St .

Savannah. Ga 37 Bull St.

Sheffield. Ala Sheffield Hotel

Tampa. Fla Hillsboro Hotel

Vicksburg. Miss. . 1319 Washington St.
Winston-Salem. N. C. .236N. Main St.

LKS AND BROWN ft DAWSOI

By moonlight in an outrigger off Hawaiian shores

IHMHtKIIW •tlUtlllltill

m«t,,,,r,,,«,,.«

ilililiiiiiiliiiiiliiyjjj iiiiull' ' I I ' il! It '"I II If 1 ! I ill 'I M Ml! I! ill

=^=ggJJgg^i!Jl«!«ggJ^^ >.... ...M............

HOT SPRINGS

National Park

UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION

SERIES

Page two

An Appreciation of

Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas

By OPIE READ, Author of "A Kentucky Colonel," "The Jucklins," etc.

Written Especially for the United States Railroad Administration

RT is the mistress of many tricks. Her highest function is
to cajole nature, to help nature to deceive herself; and
while art may not offer to nature a new canvas, yet she can
assist our common mother in the accent of color, in
grouping, in assembling in a comparatively small area all the varied
and startling features of a mighty landscape. Architecture was the
great material art of the Greeks; landscape gardening, park-making
a fine art in modern Europe and new America. Park-making is a
painting broadly spread, the canvas depressed here into a valley, while
over there it arises to the height of a graceful hill. With pardonable
pride America may call the attention of the world to a number of
national park paintings. Tourists have written of them, and have
snapped the camera upon every feature of their varied countenances.
We all of us have our favorites. Some of us cling with a sort of awed
fondness to the great unrolling vistas of the West, contemplating the
poetry that lies in mysterious distance. Of these mighty regions
called parks I stand in awe, as one must while looking upon a moun-
tain, a cacti-bristling desert; but to me the gem of all the parks is the
government reservation at Hot Springs, Arkansas. This may be
sentiment, the reverie that steals upon us when in a picture gallery we
view a scene endeared with recollection; but strangers have told me
that this admiration comes not only from the treasured memories of
the long ago, but that national Hot Springs is possessed of a charm
all its own. And I know that this is true. Nowhere are mountains
more graceful. Nowhere is there a mist so silvery, flashing in the rise

Page three

of the sun. You have the feeling that you stand in the presence of a
deep mystery, that theories have been advanced but that after all no one
knows the source and the cause of the heat that boils this mighty
cauldron.

Long before Cortez frightened the Aztecs, not with his bellowing
cannon but with his neighing horses; long before Columbus ruddered
his way to America ; yea, while the Crusaders were marching toward the
holy Tomb, ah, before the mud wall of the village of Rome was dry,
the North American Indians traveled hundreds of miles to Hot Springs,
the fountain of youth, to sit in wise council and to regain their health.
In this broad domain there are other hot waters, just as there are varied
waters that are cold; but the Hot Springs, Arkansas, seem to be the
original, smiling upon all others the blithe ban of imitation. The
difference is a mystery, and in this there lies an added charm.

The city of Hot Springs, bordered and overlooked by the mountain
park, is near the center of population. It is within a few hours of the
great cities of the interior. And though the distance be short, it is
like going into another world. There is no rawness, but all has been
mellowed by time. With the Indians it is ancient; with us it is old.
Sixty miles away, in Little Rock, the capital of the state, they are
preparing to celebrate the one-hundredth anniversary of the leading
morning newspaper of the state.

For more than a century people of the South have gone to Hot Springs
for pleasure and for recuperation, but it is only within short memory
that the North has recognized it as a feature of national attraction.
This has been brought about by the artistic landscape painting done
by the Government. Artists of world-wide fame have given to the park
the creative touch of art. But as much as art has done, nature has
done more. Nature threw herself into voluptuous attitudes and
stillness caught her.

Page four

^£~C A«>

P & &9 five

To the American People:

Secretary of the Interior

Hot Springs National Park

OT SPRINGS, Arkansas —
The great American Spa — a
jumble of happy memories
for the man who has been
there — a medley of pleasant
anticipations for the man who is planning
to go! For Hot Springs is a potpourri
of waters, waters, outdoor sports, social
gayeties, invigorating air, wooded moun-
tains, green valleys and more waters.

Poets of all ages have celebrated the
purity of springs. There was an ancient
spring on- Mount Parnassus sacred to the
Muses and to Apollo, to drink from
which was to become imbued with the
spirit of poesy. In later times there have
been, in many lands, wells or springs
sacred to certain saints. And through
all time has run a legend of a fountain of
youth, the waters of which had potency
to stave off both age and death. There
have always been waters to which men
and women repaired to recuperate from
the strain of living, and these places
have invariably become the resorts of
fashion.

Page six

All Rome that was rich or famous went
in the season to Baiae on the Bay of
Naples, where were warm mineral springs
celebrated for their effectiveness in over-
coming the consequences of the strenuous
life in the Eternal City. The history of
springs of this kind is well known. Every
country has them. And all down the
ages comes testimony that the waters
gushing from the bosom of Mother Earth
are efficacious in relieving the ills to
which the flesh is heir.

But of all the world's beneficent waters
there are none to compare with the Hot
Springs of Arkansas. "Their fame has
filled the seven climes." They are abso-
lutely unparalleled in hygienic qualities.
The testimony to their curative and re-
storative powers is overwhelming both
in extent and character.

And, best of all, these American springs
differ from the Roman springs in that
they are the mecca not only of the rich
and famous, but of the countless thous-
ands of everyday citizens of this and
foreign countries.

Government possession has made them
a universal institution.

Our First National Park

In 1832 Congress, appreciating the
unusual value of these waters, set apart
a reservation comprising four sections of
land surrounding the springs and dedicat-
ed it as a national sanitarium for all time.
It was our first National Park.

Before that time the healing quality of
the hot water is thought to have been an
open secret among the hardy pioneers
who had ventured beyond the narrow
confines of eastern civilization. In their
intercourse with the Indians many mar-
velous tales were doubtless borne to their
ears. The hot wells of the Ozarks figured
prominently in the traditional history of
many of the mid-continent tribes, and it
is probable that not a few of the early
explorers to whom these stories of won-
derful cures were passed, visited the valley
to confirm them. But there are no positive
historical data fixing the date and giving
the name of the first white discoverer.
Legends have it that it was the fame of
these hot pools which first prompted

•w:

Ponce de Leon to embark upon his
romantic search for the fountain of eternal
youth. Other and more plausible legends
indicate a visit to the spot by De Soto in
1 541 , and it is not unlikely that, later on,
many other white men were led to the
valley by their red brothers and provided
with abundant evidence of the Super-
natural Presence to which were ascribed
the curative properties of these waters.

But our only authentic evidence of
white visitors at the springs dates back
no farther than the year 1800. Two of
Lewis and Clark's explorers, branching
out from the main trail of that expedition,
visited the place in 1804 and found a log
cabin and a few huts which had been
the work of white men's hands. Two or
three years later a few scattered settlers
followed the trail thus blazed. And from
that time the reputation of the springs
began to spread, each year adding to
their fame.

None of these early beneficiaries of the
waters undertsood the chemical processes
by which their health-giving miracles
were performed. All that the Indians

There are forty-six thermal springs like this welling up from mysterious depths, with an aggregate flow of 826.308 gallons

every day.

Page seven

A Hot Springs Bathhouse. One of the many in which Uncle Sam acts as host and provides every facility for the comfort

of his guests.

knew, all that the explorers and pioneers
knew, was that the baths accomplished
their rejuvenation, and that they quieted
their aches and pains. The higher
civilization which followed them gained
a little in knowledge of the water and its
application, but our Congress of 1832
knew nothing of radio-activity and even
our super-minds of today have not fully
fathomed the mystery.

The City and Its Visitors

Hot Springs National Park — adminis-
tered by the National Park Service of the
Department of the Interior — is situated
in the Southwestern part of the state of
Arkansas, in the wild and picturesque
Ozark Mountain region, 34 miles from
Benton and 60 miles from Little Rock,
the capital of the state.

The waters that give the place its
name, gush from the bases of the wooded
mountains that comprise the Park, and
in the valley is a beautiful city, which
nestles against gigantic hills and then
spreads out upon a pleasant, broad plain.
The cool mountain breezes blow through

Page eight

this valley in the summer time, and in
the winter it is protected by the peaks
that rim its basin. Nature is here in an
entrancing mood. The Ozarks stand
guard over the valley and the busy town,
in the splendor of their changing foliages.

As a result Hot Springs is not only a
world wide health resort, but an inter-
national pleasure resort, one of the most
popular in the world. It is the great
American Spa in the larger sense of the
term, and, as such, it is more a pleasure
resort than a health resort. Here are
neat resort hotels and magnificent bath
houses; wooded driveways and winding
bridle paths; golf courses, speedways and
all the other attractions of a center of
sport and fashion. Indeed, if the great
Alchemist of the Ozarks were to close
His favorite laboratory; if He were to
upturn His mysterious crucible and
destroy the radium, the silicon and all
those elements used in compounding His
health-restoring waters; if these waters
were blotted entirely from the face of the
earth, the city of Hot Springs, because of
the tonic in the air, the mild winter

climate and the dry summer climate, the
glorious green hills and the pleasant
meandering valleys, would continue to be
a favored spot for rest and recreation.

At the hotels in the season from Jan-
uary until May — though, indeed, lately
the season tends to be an all-year matter
— one may find the smartest company
imaginable. The guests come from every-
where. They are people of mark —
leaders of fashion and of sport; political
leaders and statesmen; overworked bus-
iness men, actors, authors, clergymen —
all well known in their spheres. The scene
is one of animation. The lobbies are a
buzz and swirl. There is an intoxicating
blend of chatter and laughter. There is
music and dancing. And out of the
hotels these people swarm into Central
Avenue, recalling a parade on Fifth
Avenue, New York, or Michigan Avenue
in Chicago. In the dining rooms and
lounges there is the evening atmosphere
of the metropolitan hotels. Time passes
gaily. Fashion flourishes. This life
overshadows the life of the many who

come to conserve or to regain their health.
It is intensely cosmopolitan, and the
people who make it up are all to be found
in the social register.

More and more is Hot Springs becom-
ing a place of recuperation for tired
business men and women. Thousands
break away from the rush and grind for
a week or ten days of rest and a few of
these amazingly restorative baths, in
order to go back to new achievements
with new force and vigor.

The Mountains and Springs

The Park comprises more than 900
acres including Hot Springs mountain,
North Mountain, West Mountain and
Whittington Lake Park. It contains
forty-six thermal springs, which have an
average aggregate flow of 826,308 gallons
daily, and range in temperature from 1 02
to 147 degrees.

The mountains of the Park rise about
800 feet above the city. Millions of
dollars have been expended by the
Government in hewing out roadways,

A wooded retreat on the mountain. Many quiet spots like this are to be found within little more than a stone's throw

from the business center of the city.

Page nine

Part of the shopping district — a single row of buildings, back of which West Mountain raises a forest-bristling head.

trails and walks, that wind around the
mountains. At every curve is some new
natural picture. The vistas are mag-
nificent. The play of light and shade
presents ever new combinations of colors.
In the forests are open places beautified
by means of landscape gardening and
pavilions for rest and shelter.

Fifteen miles of Government-built
drives and walks make these mountains
easy to climb. From the great tower on
the forested heights one looks down upon
the city and into the distance where
stretch -farms, dappled with sun and
shade.

For other wild beauty there is nothing
that surpasses the drive through the
gorge between North and South Moun-
tains. It is a diverting experience to go
through this gigantic cleft and observe
the evidences everywhere of the tre-
mendous past when first great cataclysms
tore the huge hills asunder.

In the wilderness you come upon
patches of smooth velvety green contrast-
ing with the jagged cliff sides and the

Page ten

titanic debris of shattered strata, dozens
of feet thick, which mark the road for
quite a distance.

Bathing Not Only Healthful But
Delightful

Bathing in the water of Hot Springs is
an experience not to be forgotten. It
has an effect as of marvelous resiliency,
as if it were more solid than water, yet
delightfully yielding. The testimony of
those who have used this water is that in
contact with the body it gives a decided
impression of what seems to be best
described as magnetism.

Within recent years radium has become
known as a powerful healing agent.
Many cases formerly considered hopeless-
ly incurable have yielded readily to its
activity, but because of its unlimited
energy its use has been confined alto-
gether to local applications. No method
has ever been devised by man whereby
radium may be applied to all parts of a
disordered body at the same time.
Scarcity and appalling cost have made
experiments along that line impossible.

But Nature, though carefully guarding
her secret, has solved the problem at
Hot Springs. The waters are radio-
active, and by means of the bath every
rheumatic joint, every sealed-up pore of
the skin may be not only reached and
cleansed of impurities, but renewed under
the influence of that brain-baffling cur-
ative which we call radio-activity.

The waters have been carefully ana-
lyzed and the consensus of opinion is that
they contain much free carbonic acid gas,
a combination of hydrogen and silicon
and several other constitutents of less
importance.

Their natural warmth, which would
make any other water in the world un-
palatable, does not affect the water here,
its composites entirely overcoming such
a tendency. People drink it and, when
its temperature has been reduced to suit
the requirements of each individual case,
people bathe in it and go away rejoicing.
Its efficacy is best judged by statistics,
for according to figures painstakingly
compiled, more than ninety per cent of

those who have taken a full course of
baths have been either cured or benefited
by them.

In addition to the hot springs there are
many cold springs in and about the city.
It is seldom that Nature blows hot and
cold at the same time; but here, in this
favored spot, one doesn't have to go far
to see this curious phenomenon, some of
the cold springs being found in close
proximity to the hot. Many of these
have mineral properties — solutions of
magnesia, iron, potash and sulphur —
which physicians often prescribe for sys-
temic disorders; others are known solely
for their pure, fresh water whose purity
is superlative. The waters of these are
bottled and, in some instances, shipped
to distant cities.

It is over the bath-houses that the
National Park Service exercises the most
rigid control. The condition and appoint-
ments of each bath-house are inspected
regularly by Government officials. Every-
thing must appear as represented and
everything must be clean and sanitary.

Progress of Hot Springs has been marked by the growth and character of the bath house. First the oak-shaded temple of

the Indian; then the cabin of the pioneer, and finally, through various stages of development.

the stone and granite structure of modern civilization.

Page eleven

BUILDINGS
. COMFORT STATIONS
• PAVILIONS
= ROADS
TRAILS

— ELECTRIC STREET CAB LINES

— RAILROAD

SCALE OF FEET

Page twelve

LEGEND

The numbers in this list refer to the number*
on the map:

1. Superintendent's office.

2. Lamar bathhouse.

3. Buckstaff baths.

4. Ozark bathhouse.

5. Magnesia bathhouse.

6. Government free bathhouse.

7. Fordyce bathhouse.

8. Main entrance to reservation.

9. Maurice bathhouse.

10. Hale bathhouse.

11. Superior bathhouse.

12. Arlington Hotel and baths.

13. Superintendent's residonrr (old).

14. Rockafellow Hotel and baths.

15. Majestic Hotel and baths.

16. St. Joseph's Infirmary and baths.

17. Whittington Lake Park.

18. Keeper's residence.

19. First Presbyterian Church.

20. Catholic Church.

21. Rector bathhouse and Waukcsha Hotel.

22. Milwaukee Hotel.

23. Pullman Hotel.

24. Arkansas National Bank.

25. Masonic Temple.

26. First Baptist Church.

27. Leo N. Levi Memorial Hospital and

bathhouse.

28. Goddard Hotel.

29. Alhambra bathhouse.

30. Moody Hotel and baths.

31. Court House.

32. Como Hotel.

33. Central Methodist Church.

34. High School Building.

35. Ozark Sanitorium bathhouse.

36. Railroad Station.

37. Railroad Station.

38. City Hall and Auditorium Theatre.

39. Business Men's League.

40. Post Office.

41. Great Northern Hotel.

42. Citizens' National Bank.

43. Marquette Hotel.

44. Arkansas Trust Company.

45. Security Bank.

46. Eastman Hotel and baths.

47. Elks' Club.

48. Episcopal Church.

49. Superintendent's residence (new).

50. Imperial bathhouse.

51. Pump house (pumps water to drinking

fountains at summit of Hot Springs
Mountain).

52. Tower.

53. Iron Spring (cold).

54. Dugan-Stuart Building.

55. Thompson Building.

North, West, and Hot Springs Mountains
and Whittington Lake Park form the per-
manent Hot Springs Reservation, administered
by the National Park Service of the Depart-
ment of the Interior.

Page thirteen

When Uncle Sam acts as host, there must
be nothing to mar the pleasure of his
guests. On another page of this booklet
will be found a list of bath-houses giving
the rates of each. These rates are regu-
lated by the Government and vary ac-
cording to the equipment and accommo-
dations furnished. On Bath House Row,
the noted Midway of the place, there are
ten bath-houses covering a space of about
three blocks. Besides these, there are
other bath-houses in various parts of the
city, some of which are operated in con-
nection with the hotels. All use the
same water and are under the same official
supervision. There is also a Government
free bath-house for those who are unable
to pay for the service, and in connection
with the Army and Navy Hospital a
bath-house is maintained for the benefit
of our disabled soldier and sailor boys.

Although the cures effected are some-
times almost miraculous, there is nothing
extraordinary in the method of adminis-
tering the bath. Equipment and appli-
ances are better than are to be found in
the average home. The tubs are large,

the attendants attentive. There are
needle baths and vapor baths for those
who desire them, but the main object is
a thorough immersion in the hot radio-
active water in the tub.

When the bath has been taken, the
patron proceeds from the high tempera-
ture of the first cooling room to the almost
normal temperature of the last, tarryin}
in each of the intermediate cooling rooi
long enough to avoid sudden chani
Finally comes the after-glow of the bal
as he lies luxuriously upon one of tl
cooling room couches, conversing lazib
with his fellow-patrons or simply resting.
Truly, to bathe in the waters of Hot
Springs is to feel the hand of Nature ii
one of her most helpful moods — gentl<
caressing, touching the body lighth
and without inflicting the slightest paii

The Many Hotels

One hotel in Hot Springs — the East-
man— can care for a thousand guests.
Two others — the Majestic and the Arling-
ton— have a capacity of 500 each. The
Como and the Goddard have accom-
modations for 250 to 300, and a score of
others can entertain from 25 to 125 each.
In addition there are 500 boarding and
rooming houses, furnished cottages and

Hot Springs not only provides facilities for play, but creates a desire to play. The prospect of a crystal-water bath at the

end of the game lends an added zest to golf.

Page fourteen

•i"1!. ll'.«"

EMU?'

"V -

The "Sport of Kings" is a favorite pastime at Hot Springs, and here many interesting chapters of racing

history have been written.

apartments. The Business Men's League
of Hot Springs, Arkansas, is an enter-
prising and reliable civic organization
available for the purpose of assisting
visitors in locating quarters to suit their
purses. This service is free.

How the Visitor "Comes Back"

The spirit of Hot Springs creeps into the
veins of the newcomer unawares. The average
visitor enters the valley fagged out mentally
and physically. He is the victim of too much
applied energy in one direction, and a sense
of relief, of freedom from care, steals over him
as he establishes himself in his commodious
quarters and prepares for a good rest. When
he enters upon his course of baths, his business
or domestic problems, though pigeonholed
somewhere in the back of his head, have not
been entirely forgotten. For the first few days
he lies upon his cooling- room couch, his body
relaxed, his eyes closed, his ears deaf to the
voices of those about him.

Then, suddenly, he awakes. A new and un-
usual feeling of animation possesses him. His
blood is beginning to tingle. His old-time energy
is coming back to him and his thoughts are turn-
ing to golf, to tennis, to horse-back riding and to
all those amusements which interested him before
the days that had brought more serious affairs
to claim all his time and to hold his nose too
steadily to the hard surface of the business grind-
stone.

Then it is that he begins to appreciate what
is happening to him, to understand that the baths
have driven all sluggishness from his blood, have
given him the energy not only to work but to play

and have created in him the desire to play. And
he plunges joyfully into the whirlpool of Hot
Springs activity.

Recreation and Amusements

There is enjoyment for all in the amusements,
sports and social activities at Hot Springs. The
out-of-doors life, made possible by the mild
southern climate, is always alluring.

The driveways are enlivened by coaching
parties and elaborate liveried "turnouts", for
the spirited horse still holds his own against the
automobile at Hot Springs. On both the drive-
ways and bridle paths the number of equestrians
is unusual, horseback riding being a favorite
exercise. The horse at Hot Springs is still given
the honor that is due him. It is claimed that no
city of equal size in the world can boast a
greater number of superb saddle animals. Ken-
tucky bred and full of mettle, but trained to the
use of the inexperienced. There is also the
famous Oaklawn race track, where many chapters
of racing history have been written.

Under the regulations automobiles are per-
mitted on certain of the mountain roads of the
Reservation, and the adjoining country furnishes
ample opportunity for more extended motor
trips. Good roads are numerous, and among
them is one leading to Little Rock, the capital of
the state.

Happy Days on the Golf Links

In these modern times no resort is complete
without its golf links — so there is a course at Hot
Springs. The Hot Springs Country Club is
located beyond the city limits, but within easy
reach. It comprises 250 acres of rolling green
with an 18-hole course, the holes varying in
length from 1 00 to 500 yards. Naturally there is
the adjunct of a spacious and attractive club

Page fifteen

house. From the veranda of the latter, 1 6 of the
18 putting greens are visible, as well as 6,500
yards of the fairway. The course is well cared
for and meets every demand of the most exacting
professional. The tees and putting greens are of
packed sand, while the fairway is of Bermuda
grass. The greens as a whole are of rare land-
scape beauty and the hazards, or many of them,
have been supplied by nature. Matches and
tournaments are scheduled in season; and the
payment of a small fee admits all visitors to the
privileges of the club house and golf course.

Base Ball and Tennis

During the training season major league base
ball clubs are at Hot Springs for the baths and
preliminary work, in consequence of which the
visitor is at that time treated to some of the
finest exhibition games.

Tennis courts have been laid out in various
localities and in their settings are ample for the
use of the professional or the amateur.

Whittington Lake Amusement Park

Whittington Lake Park largely partakes of the
nature of an amusement park. Athletic sports,
band concerts, the summer theatre, animals,
electric fountains, swings, tennis courts, base ball
fields and a variety of other features make it a
place where care-free crowds congregate in large
numbers. Nearby are the alligator and ostrich
farms.

The Ostrich Farm

Of the ostrich it has been said that those great
gawky birds are of all things animate the "most
innocently powerful", and the "most powerfully
innocent". They are a study — these birds — a kick
from whose legs has power to kill and whose
wonderful eyes create speculations as to whether
their little twinkle means mischief or a joke.
Of course the display of feathers, of which they

are proud , are of special interest to the women.
One learns much as to the characteristics and
the habits of this bird at the farm. As an
amusement feature, birds trained for the purpose
are ridden astride, or harnessed and driven to
little sulkies.

Alligator Farm

At the Alligator Farm hundreds of 'gators ai
exhibited, ranging in length from a few inches
twenty feet, and in age from a few days old to
hundred or two hundred years. The alligatc
is not pleasing to look at. He has a vicious
and a more vicious tail. As you look over tl
exhibit you are pleased to know that such un-
beautiful things make up into such very nit
handbags.

The Social Life

If not interested in the waters, the visitor
forget that the place is a Spa. Behind the bat!
houses on Bath House Row rise the gloric
Ozark Hills with all their pleasures. The great*
hotels are resort hotels. There is the music
the dancing, the entertainments of many kinds
and the invigorating outdoor life saturated wit
the romantic spirit of the South. There is tl
riding, the golfing, the motoring, the mountaii
climbing and all the rest. One may spend a wl
season in these pleasures alone — and
America, for Hot Springs draws its patrons fror
every nook and corner of the country.

Or one may live this invigorating life
have the stimulus of morning baths besides; tl
greater hotels have their own unobtrusive batl
houses, and the baths are for the well and weai
as well as for the sick.

Or, if he wants the Spa life, he may have tl
to the full. A few steps cityward, and there ai
the bath houses, some of them finer and
completely equipped with scientific bathing
systems and appliances than those of the most

The entrance to the Reservation.

Page sixteen

At the foot of these steps, the busy whirl of the city; at the top. absolute rest and quiet
in the woods of Hot Springs Mountain.

Off for a morning cantei

To those who have inherited that love of the hors
automobile. Hot Springs offers an ideal

which

famous Spas abroad. He may live this life to its
full, sitting in the parks, taking the Oertel walks,
drinking the waters as well as bathing in them.

Or he may combine the two kinds of life in any
proportion he pleases.

For convalescents the so-called Oertel System
of Graduated walking courses is very beneficial.
These courses are indicated by painted stone
monuments with a distance number cut on two

faces. By these monuments, patients can easily
see the distance they have walked. The first
or yellow course, is comparatively level; the
second, or green course, slightly inclined; the
third, or blue course, fairly steep; and the fourth,
or red course, very steep. The length and
character of the walks taken under this system
are determined by physicians, according to the
condition and progress of patients.

Expenses at Hot Springs

Following is the published scale of ratea for baths at different bath houses receiving water from the Hot Springs
Reservation, as published by the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior; also a Hat of hotels and board-
ing houses together with their rates.

For further details of specific interest concerning Hot Springs not covered herein, apply to th«

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
National Park Service,
Washington. D. C.

BUREAU OF SERVICE. NATIONAL PARKS AND MONUMENTS. TRAVEL BUREAU— WESTERN LINES.

646 Transportation Building.
Chicago. Illinois

BUSINESS MEN'S LEAGUE.
Hot Springs. Arkansas

SCALE OF RATES FOR BATHS

AT DIFFERENT BATHHOUSES RECEIVING WATER FROM THE HOT SPRINGS RESERVATION

Single
bath

Course

Course of
21 baths

Single
bath

Course

Course of
21 baths

Bathhouse

Single
baths

plus at-
tendant's

of 21
baths

plus at-
tendant's

Bathhouse

Single
baths

plus at-
tendant's

of 21
baths

plus at-
tendant's

fee

fees

fee

fees

Arlington

$0.65

$0.85

$12.00

$16.00

Superior

$0.50

$0.70

$0.90

$13.00

Fordyce

.65

.85

12.00

16.00

.45

.65

800

12 00

Buckstaff

.60

.80

11.00

15.00

Rector

.45

.65

8.00

12.00

Maurice

.60

.80

11.00

15.00

Rockafellow

.45

.65

8.00

12.00

Imperial

10 00

14 00

Eastman. . . .

.55

.75

10 00

14 00

8 00

12 00

Majestic

10 00

14 00

7 00

1 1 00

Hale

9 00

13 00

Oza*k

7 00

1 1 00

Moody . . .

.50

.70

9.00

13.00

Alhambra

.40

.60

7.00

11.00

St. Joseph'. In-

Pythian Sanato-

nrmary . . .

9 00

13 oo

5 00

9 00

Page seventeen

Page eighteen

LIST OF HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES

AT HOT SPRINGS, ARKANSAS, COMPILED BY THE BUSINESS MEN'S LEAGUE

NAME OF PLACE

Capacity

RA
Per Day

TES
Per Week

Plan

Proprietor or Manager

Alamo

30 persons

$1.00 up

$7 00 up

Mrs B B Spivey

1 00

2 50 up

F M Ezell

500 persons

4 to $8

28 00 up

tW Corrington

Bcldin House

1 00

6 00 up

D Beldin

3 00 up

1 00 up

8 to $10

Mrs Robt Barnes

Burhops B 11

8 to $10

Mrs J H Burhop

Campbell House

40 persons

1 00 up

6 00 up

I p' Perry

5 to $7

Colonial Hotel

75 persons

1 . 00 up

7 00 up

Central Hotel

00 up

Special

W W Little

Chestnut Hotel

25 persons

1.50

7 00 up

H P Thornaa

Crittendon Hotel (colored)

1 00 up

7 00 up

G E Crittendon

30 persons

1 .50

10 00 up

1.00 up

Special

Al A Reynolds

1 00

6 00 up

50 persons

2.00

9 to $12

Darch Hotel (Jewish)

2 00 up

Dayton Hotel

40 persons

.50 up

2 50 up

Fred L Kerr

Delrnar Hotel

2 00

10 00

C C Harvey

Dclmar Hotel

1 .00

7 00

C. C. Harvey

1000 persons

1 00 up

Special

W E Chester

Eddy Hotel

5 to $15

Mrs B F Pace

1 .00 up

7 to $10

Fulton Hotel

20 persons

1.50 up
.75

8.00 up
1 50 up

American

Scherrick & Co.
Mrs R Bennie

Goddard Hotel

1 50 up

5 to$!5 50

Mrs J A Barton

Gray's Boarding House
Gt Northern Hotel

25 persons

1.50
75 up

10.00 up
3 00 up

American

Mrs. L. Gray
Mrs C Hutsell

Garrison Hotel

50 persons

.50 up

3 00 up

Mrs. J. M. Smith

Glenwood Hotel

1 00

6 to $8

N E Bryant

Home Hotel

50 persons

1.50 up

8 to $10

Mrs.A.A.McColIough

50 up

2 00 up

Hill Crest

20 persons

1.50 up

8 00 up

C. H. Dibble

Hinkle House

8 00 up

Mrs F Hinkle

2 to $3

Mrs M Hoxie

60 persons

1.50

7 to $ 1 2

T H Cathcart

Jerwick Hotel (Jewish)

2 00 up

12 00 up

Mrs H Jerwick

Kempner Hotel

1 5 persons

1.00

7 00 up

P K. Crawford

2 00

12 50 up

Mrs W E Lauher

Kyle Rooms

25 persons

1 50 to $3

Mrs. E. E. Kyle

1 00 up

7 to $12

Mrs M Watts

Lester House

25 persons

2 50 up

T. M. Baughm

Leon Hotel

3 00 up

p J Murphy

Majestic Hotel

500 persons

2.50 up

Harry A. Jones

Marion Hotel .

1 25 up

8 50to$IO

Asbury & Wallon

Marquette Hotel

1 50 persons

1 .00 up

European

Chas. G. Orr

Maurice Hotel

1 00 up

6 00 up

Mrs M. D. Brady

Maurice Hotel

13 50

American

Mrs. M. D. Brady

McCrary Hotel
Melba Rooms

75 persons
1 5 persons

2.00

8.00 up
3.50 to $7

American
European

Mrs. M. P. McCrary
J. M. Frisby

Metropolitan Rooms
Milwaukee Hotel

20 persons
1 00 persons

2.50 up

2.50 up
15 00 up

European
American

Miss Thompson
J. P. Hickey

. Moody Hotel

250 persons

2. 50 up

17.50 up
5 00 up

American

N. M. Moody
W A Smith

Morris Cottage

2 00 up

W. A. Smith

Murray Rooms

2 50 to $3

Mrs B Murray

Napoleon Hotel

25 person

1 .00 up

2 50 to $5

Mrs. F. Rawles

Nettles House

8 to $12

Mrs E. C. Nettles

New Dayton Hotel
New Haven Hotel

40 person

.50 up
00 up

2. 50 up
7 to $10

European

Fred L. Kerr
Mrs. Ida L. Parrott

New Capitol Hotel

50 person

.00 up

2 00 up

European

Mrs. N. J. Planks

New Hot Springs

50 persons

3 50 up

Shannon Gower

New Lindell Hotel

00 up

Special

Mrs A. H. Houaley

! New National Hotel
New Orleans

40 persons

.00 up
00

8 to $12
2 00 up

American

Mrs. DeVall
Mrs. E. T. Deickreide

Ohio House

25 persons

.00

5 00 up

Callahan Bros.

1 Pacific House

3 50 to $4

S J. Smith

Plateau Hotel

1 5 person

3 00 up

European

C. F. Cook

' Penedleton Hotel

2 50 up

F. A. Coutlee

1 Palm Hotel

30 person

2 50 up

European

S. Clement

Parker's Boarding House

2.00

II 00 up

Mrs. J. L. Parker

Pullman Hotel

1 00 up

5 to $15

Jas. A. Longinotti

Putnam Hotel

65 persons

1 . 00 up

5 to $7

D. B. Davis

Putnam Hotel

9 to $12

D. B. Davis

Palace Hotel

80 persons

1 .00

3 50 up

European

Woodcock & Womack

: Richmond Hotel

9 to $ 1 5

Mrs. E. B. Elliston

Rockafellow Hotel . .
Rockafellow Hotel

75 persons

2.00
1.00

14.50 up
3 50 to $7

American

E. S. Putnam
E. S. Putnam

Saratoga Hotel

50 persons

.50

3 to $5

European

R. H. Baird

i Savoy Hotel

60 persons

.50

3 to $5

European

Mrs. Allie Street

Southern Hotel

60 persons

8 to $12

American

Mrs. Mary Bradley

Spaulding

1 00

4 00 up

H A. Spaulding

St. Charles....

1.50

10 50 to 17 50

H. Doherty

St. Charles.

3 00 up

H. Doherty

St. John's Place .'.
Shelton House

20 persons

1.50

7.00 up
2 50 to $3

American

Benedictine Sisters
Tom Shelton

Taylor House

40 persons

1.50 up

10 50 up

American

Miss Una Taylor

(Continued on page 21)

Page nineteen

Page twenty

A view from Hot Springs Mountain.

List of Hotels and Boarding Houses at Hot Springs, Arkansas, Compiled by the Business Men's League

— Continued

NAME OF PLACE

Capacity

RA'
Per Day

FES
Per Week

Plan

Proprietor or Manager

iTarkington House

1 25 up

8 00 up

1 00

5 00 up

I A T J

iTownsend

pe .

2 50

12 50

1 5

3 00 up

'Union Hotel

8 00 up

IWaukesha Hotel

2 50

17 50

A.i f

Williamson's Boarding House

10 00 up

Wilson's Cozy Inn

1.50 up

European

Mr« lr\^ Wilann

Railroad Tickets

Throughout the year, round-trip excursion
tickets at reduced fares are sold at practically
all stations in the United States to Hot Springs,
Ark., as a destination. Passengers en route to
iother destinations will find stop-over privileges
available on both one-way and round-trip
tickets, for the purpose of making side- trips to
Hot Springs.

Park Administration

Hot Springs National Park is under the juris-
diction of the Director, National Park Service,
Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.
The Park Superintendent is located at Hot
Springs, Ark.

U. S. Government Publications

The following publications may be obtained
from the Superintendent of Documents, Govern-
ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at
prices given. Remittances should be made by
Money Order or in cash.

by J

Analysis of the Waters of the Hot Springs of Arkansas.
K. Haywood. and Geological Sketch of Hot Springs.

f\rk.. by waiter Harvey Webb. 5o pages. IU cents.

The National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard.
260 pages. 270 illustrations, descriptive of nine National
Parks. Pamphlet edition 3 5 cent*. Book edition 55 cents.

The following publications may be obtained
free on written application to the Director of

the National Park Service, Department of the
Interior, Washington, D. C.t or by personal
application to the office of the Superintendent of
the Park.

Circular of General Information Regarding Hot Springs
of Arkansas.

Glimpses of our National Parks. 48 pages, illustrated.

Map showing location of National Parka and Monu-
ments, and railroad routes thereto.

U. S. R. R. Administration Publications

The following publications may be obtained
free on application to any consolidated ticket
office, or apply to the Bureau of Service, National
Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau —
Western Lines; 646 Transportation Building,
Chicago, 111.:

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies.

California for the Tourist.

Colorado and Utah Rockies.

Crater Lake National Park. Oregon.

Glacier National Park. Montana.

Grand Canyon National Park. Arizona.

Hawaii National Park. Hawaiian Islands.

Hot Springs National Park. Arkansas.

Mesa Verde National Park. Colorado.

Mount Rainier National Park. Washington.

Northern Lakes — Wisconsin, Minnesota. Upper Michigan,

Iowa and Illinois.
Pacific Northwest and Alaska.
Petrified Forest National Monument. Arizona.
Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado.
Sequoia and General Grant National Parks, California
Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming.
Yosemite National Park. California.
Zion National Monument. Utah.

Page twenty-one

;^pK

*»«#

3Ka

Htt

Page t we n t y - t w o

I i^. " . ." r

_.r

K O T

If S. D

M |

^^Sfcss^

.A-W

N E a R

-Vti

°UNTi7iLiV rtC^r; 1 OrM<M.Uo« OMAHA :

rJ^JP^piSj^.

x r

a. >£••

• *~«»UM> A w» "IBSS

"""T «*.. /Va? XfcjV. S*ho»o "*•*• o

;,.^-.0o^:rH «4^.' • •
\ fMv^^4te%:^t.L ,_._.:±L;

Ml . . »'«•.„. ?5<£E— • r%8M»«^|MIft»Cr^-2.Jt, L /.M

r» 'o«c.T2/»«»^lJ'"> S.,,1

"'—•' jC^ff^^H^fc! '"'•"""!

-«"o.rc« ^°C A^'tf«W"» N A / M E\x"HJ1''u'"l«

V~-f^"-»^s/ ""-7^ °-i

1 * ^--^ ••*'-;••«./ "£,„, LA* aJ

-^;Jg/_r^-- 1 -*«-

T E X A * S

aSC

i*l««tarff

' I'm,!.

I L LI N 01

?¥ffi&M

fort WortH

.PACIFIC' OCCAM
THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

GULF

The National Parks at a Glance.

United States Railroad Administration

Director General of Railroads

For particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc., apply to any Railroad Ticket Agent, or to anj
of the following Consolidated Ticket Offices:

West

Austin, Tex 521 Congress Ave.

Beaumont. Tex., Orleans and Pearl Sts.

Bremerton. Wash 224 Front St.

Butte. Mont 2 N. Main St.

Chicago. Ill . 1 79 W. Jackson St.

Colorado Springs, Colo.

I19E. Pike's Peak Ave.

Dallas. Tex 1 12-1 14 Field St.

Denver. Colo 601 17th St.

Des Moines, Iowa 403 Walnut St.

Duluth. Minn 334 W. Superior St.

El Paso. Tex. . . .Mills and Oregon Sts.

Ft. Worth. Tex 702 Houston St.

Fresno. Cal J and Fresno Sts.

Galveston. Tex. .21st and Market Sts.

Helena. Mont 58 S. Main St.

Houston. Tex 904 Texas Ave.

Kansas City. Mo.

Ry. Ex. Bldg.. 7th and Walnut Sts.

Annapolis, Md 54 Maryland Ave.

Atlantic City. N. J.. 1301 Pacific Ave.

Baltimore. Md B. & O. R. R. Bldg.

Boston. Mass 67 Franklin St.

Brooklyn. N. Y 336 Fulton St.

Buffalo. N. Y. .Main and Division Sts.
Cincinnati, Ohio. . .6th and Main Sts.

Cleveland. Ohio 1004 Prospect Ave.

Columbus. Ohio 70 East Gay St.

Dayton. Ohio 19 S. Ludlow St.

Asheville. N. C 14 S. Polk Square

Atlanta. Ga... . .74 Peachtree St.

Lincoln, Neb 104 N. I 3th St.

Little Rock. Ark 202 W. 2d St.

Long Beach. Cal . .L. A. & S. L. Station

Los Angeles. Cal 221 S. Broadway

Milwaukee. Wis 99 Wisconsin St.

Minneapolis. Minn.. 202 Sixth St. South
Oakland. Cal. . . 13th St. and Broadway
Ocean Park. Cal. . .Pacific Elec. Depot
Oklahoma City. Okla.

131 W. Grand Ave.

Omaha. Neb 1416 Dodge St.

Peoria. 111. . .Jefferson and Liberty Sts.
Phoenix, Ariz.

Adams St. and Central Ave.
Portland, Ore. .3d and Washington Sts.

Pueblo. Colo 401-3 N. Union Ave. Tacoma. W«

St. Joseph. Mo 505 Francis St. Waco. Tex

St. Louis. Mo. Whittier. Cal . . .

318-328 North Broadway J Winnipeg. Man.

East

Detroit, Mich ... 13 W. LaFayette Ave.
Evansville. Ind. . .L. & N. R. R. Bldg.

St. Paul. Minn. . .4th and Jackson Sts.

Sacramento. Cal 801 K St.

Salt Lake City. Utah

Main and S. Temple Sts.
San Antonio. Tex.

315-17 N. St. Mary's St.

San Diego. Cal 300 Broadway

San Francisco. Cal 50 Post St.

San Jose. Cal.. I st and San Fernando Sts.

Seattle. Wash 714-16 2d Ave.

Shreveport. La.. Milam and Market Sts.

Sioux City. Iowa 510 4th St.

Spokane. Wash.

Davenport Hotel. 815 Sprague Ave.
.1117-19 Pacific Ave.
6th and Franklin Sts.
.L. A. & S. L. Station
226 Portage Ave.

Augusta. Ga ,

Birmingham, Ala. .
Charleston. S. C. . .

Charlotte. N. C

Chattanooga, Tenn.

Columbia. S. C

Jacksonville. Fla. . .

...811 Broad St.

2010 1st Ave.

. Charleston Hotel

..22S. TryonSt.

..81 7 Market St.

.Arcade Building
...38 W. Bay St.

Grand Rapids. Mich 125 Pearl St.

Indianapolis. Ind.. 1 12-14 English Block

Montreal, Que 238 St. James St.

Newark. N. J.. Clinton and Beaver Sts.

New York. N. Y 64 Broadway

New York. N. Y 57 Chambers St.

New York. N. Y 31 W. 32d St.

New York. N. Y 1 14 W. 42d St.

South

Knoxville. Tenn 600 Gay St.

Lexington. Ky Union Station

Louisville. Ky. . . .4th and Market Sts.

Lynchburg. Va 722 Main St.

Memphis. Tenn 60 N. Main St.

Mobile. Ala 51 S. Royal St.

Montgomery. Ala Exchange Hotel

Nashville. Tenn. Independent Life Bldg.

New Orleans. La St. Charles Hotel

Norfolk. Va. . . . Monticello Hotel

Philadelphia. Pa. ... 1539 Chestnut St.

Pittsburgh. Pa Arcade Building

Reading. Pa 16 N. Fifth St.

Rochester. N. Y 20 State St.

Syracuse. N. Y 355 S. Warren St.

Toledo. Ohio 320 Madison Ave.

Washington. D. C. . . 1229 F St. N. W.

Williamsport. Pa 4th and Pine Sts.

Wilmington. Del 905 Market St.

Paducah. Ky 430 Broadway

Pensacola. Fla San Carlos Hotel

Raleigh. N. C 305 LaFayette St.

Richmond. Va 830 E. Main St.

Savannah. Ga 37 Bull St.

Sheffield. Ala Sheffield Hotel

Tampa. Fla Hillsboro Hotel

Vicksburg. Miss. .1319 Washington St.
Winston-Salem. N. C.. 236 N. Main St

For detailed information regarding National Parks and Monuments address Bureau of Service,
National Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau — Western Lines, 646 Transportation Bldg.,
Chicago. Page twenty-three

SEASON. 1919

Bath H ouse Row — One of the most popular thoroughfares in America.

National Pa.rk

L O

A. D

An Appreciation of

Mesa Verde National Park

By DR. J. WALTER FEWKES, Chief, Bureau of America n Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution
Written Especially for the United States Railroad Administration

OME with me to the Mesa Verde, and with me lift the veil that conceals
the past and reveals the culture of an unlettered people whose history
has been forgotten. What fascination to wander through the streets
of a ruined city, to enter the long deserted sanctuaries, examine the
paintings and figures on the walls, and live in imagination the life of an
ancient people! Time was when American travelers sought distant lands to commune
in this way with the past, but now we can turn to our own country. Our great rail-
roads will carry the tourist near the towns once populous but now deserted and in
ruins.

The Mesa Verde National Park, containing many of these ancient monuments, has
been protected by our Government for this special purpose. It invites all with little
discomfort to withdraw from the world of the present with its bustle and noise to
live mentally for a time in the past of our own country. Every one who has accepted
an invitation to visit this Park has declared his intention to return. Why this lure
of the Mesa Verde? Why does mention of its forgotten people cause the weary face
of the careworn to relax and his eye to brighten with the light of joy? Because the
mystery kindles the imagination and revivifies their life and struggles. Who were
these ancient people? When did they live and what became of them? These
questions are perennial in their interest. The Mesa Verde beckons the visitor to its
canyons, where once lived the dusky maid who ground the corn in a primitive mill
as she sang her song in unison with her mates; here one can see the crude fire-
places where the food was cooked, and the rooms where the priest worshipped his
gods; and you can wander through the streets now deserted but once filled with the
busy life of the little brown people. There can be seen also the foot-holes cut in the
rock where the women climbed from the spring to their eerie dwellings carrying their
jars of water. No book can take the place of experience or impress the mind in the
same way. One must see for himself these homes in their proper settings in the
canyon walls, with the hazy mountains on the distant horizon; the lofty rocky pinnacle
that like a phantom ship sails the valley on the south; the Sleeping Ute, far behind
which was the house of the cliff dwellers' sun god; and Lookout Mountain, like a sentinel
guarding the approaches. Let us then turn our steps from the rush of the modern
commercial world to the silence of the Mesa Verde, where the high mesa, cedar clad,
and furrowed by deep canyons, refreshes the spirit of man, and where imagination —
parent of poetry — speaks to us of a people unlike ourselves that once nourished and
disappeared.

Page three

To the American People:

Secretary of the Interior

Mesa Verde National Park

HERE is always a fascination
about the unexplainable —
and the attraction becomes
greater if we are enabled to
come in contact with the
mysterious object and endeavor to con-
jure up an explanation. In Mesa Verde
National Park opportunities for such
speculation are offered lavishly.

The southwestern portion of the United
States contains many ruins of dwellings
and other structures left by prehistoric
peoples who had reached a high degree
of civilization long before the discovery
of America. These people are supposed
to have been the ancestors of the Pueblo
Indians, although differing from them in
many particulars, one of the more obvious
being the fact that most of the modern
Pueblos build their houses of sun-baked
bricks (adobe), whereas the ancients
used cut stone.

Of all the groups of these ruins, those
on the Mesa Verde, in Montezuma
County, southwestern Colorado, are con-
ceded to be the largest, best preserved
and most picturesquely situated, and it
was for these reasons that Congress in
1 906 set aside 48,966 acres of this section
and designated it Mesa Verde National
Park.

Probably the most striking feature of
this mesa (or tableland) is the succession
of great gashes in its contour, leading
southward and entering the larger canyon

P a ^ e four

of the Mancos River. These side canyons
are usually devoid of streams, but in ages
past erosion worked enormous cavities in
their sides toward the top, and it was in
these places, under the overhanging
cliffs, which offered such promise of pro-
tection from the elements and from their
enemies, that the prehistoric pioneers
built their homes. And one cannot fail
to admire the ability displayed in their
choice. From the Cliff Dwellers' stand-
point the sites selected were ideal.

Most of us are not ethnologists, but it
is our privilege to make conjectures in
our own humble way. While eminent
archaeologists have solved many of the
leading mysteries in connection with
these long-vanished people, the ordinary
visitor may still wander among the ruins
of their remarkable habitations and
reach his own conclusions in regard to
the many interesting problems that are
always presenting themselves.

There are so many ruins in the Park,
and reached with the minimum of time
and exertion, that the contemplative man
can be much by himself and, unhampered
by the presence of other visitors, can
find an absorbing occupation in seeking
to discover the motives that governed
the .selection of certain building sites
or the adoption of certain features in
construction — the placing of a door at
this point, the use of a peculiar wind
there, the insertion of a port-hole in

•

A TYPICAL LANDSCAPE IN MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK

wall with an angle quite oblique to the
latter, or the strange and most interesting
arrangement of the kivas, which a face-
tious visitor has termed "prehistoric club-
rooms."

In the less carefully finished portions of
the walls the imaginative man will
doubtless place his fingers on the mortar
in the marks left by prehistoric hands —
and ponder. While these primitive
artisans were humbly and laboriously
fashioning the abodes in which this
civilization was being developed inde-
pendent of Europe, what was happening
on that continent? Were the Crusaders
then faring forth to the Holy Land?
Or did the Cliff Dwellers ante-date that
time? Had Pompeii been destroyed?
Had Caesar landed in Britain? Various
have been the conjectures as to the period
of occupancy of these dwellings, and one
may make guesses ad libitum.

There is an especial fascination in the
ancient trails, where these primitive
people's sandaled feet wore smooth the
steps which they had laboriously cut in
the solid rock. And it is not at all
difficult to imagine the use of these steps
in that far-off time — the huntsmen setting
forth in the early morning with their well
made bows and flint-pointed arrows,
the girls and women proceeding with their
household duties, gracefully carrying on
their heads the large water jars, of which

so many are found, the children playing
around their homes and upon the adjacent
cliffs — in fact, one can almost hear their
childish cries and laughter. And some-
where about the homes we can imagine
the weavers at work making the cotton
cloth and the feather cloth, specimens
of which are still found in the ruins. At
another place the women are grinding
corn with stones. Out in the open, a man
is sharpening tools and weapons on a
great rock, which is still in place. Some
of the inhabitants are at work in the fields,
probably on the mesa above the dwelling,
cultivating the corn, pumpkins and
squashes, the evidences of which are so
plentiful in the debris. At another place
the potters are carefully fashioning the
vessels which they made in such per-
fection, and not far away are the dec-
orators, painstakingly mixing colors and
placing designs upon the ware. There
was surely the hum of busy life on the
Mesa Verde in the old days! For the Cliff
Dwellers were an industrious people.
If nothing else, the construction of their
houses bears conclusive evidence of this;
and their environment, tending to a
vigorous life, was not calculated to pro-
duce an anaemic race. In the primitive
arts they had made remarkable advances,
and it is to be regretted that they had not
evolved some system of writing more
elaborate than the simple signs which

Page five

MESA VERDE
NATIONAL PARK

COLORADO

Scale

— - ... Boundary

Automobile Roads
Trails

Page six

are occasionally found on their walls.
The Mesa Verde is Uncle Sam's only
National Park created for the preserva-
tion of antiquities, although there are
several National Monuments that have
been established with that end in view.
The beautiful scenery, the invigorating
air, and the camp life, with its maximum
of freedom and minimum of discomfort,
rival the prehistoric remains themselves
in tending to make a vacation spent here
of great value to the individual and one
long to be remembered.

The Land of the Cliff Dwellers

It was in 1874 that W. H. Jackson, then
Government photographer with Hayden's
Geological Survey, found numerous small
prehistoric ruins in the cliffs on the sides
of the Mancos River in southwestern
Colorado and wrote an excellent account
of them for the Annual Report. In the
following year Prof. W. H. Holmes, of
the Smithsonian Institution, made an
exploration in the same locality.

It was not until 1888, however, that
Richard Wetherill and Charley Mason,
cattle men living near Mancos, accident-
ally discovered the great Cliff Palace,
farther northward, in one of the side
canyons leading from the Mesa Verde
into the Mancos River. The point from
which they got their first glimpse of the
majestic ruin tucked away in a great

cavern near the top of the canyon is still
pointed out on the opposite side near the
recently excavated Sun Temple, and the
visitor who first sees Cliff Palace from this
standpoint can well imagine the cries of
amazement and admiration that must
have escaped the young men's lips as they
gazed upon this evidence of a long-for-
gotten people. Spruce Tree House was
discovered the same day, and others later.

In 1891, Baron Gustav Nordenskib'ld,
a young Swedish scientist, left Stockholm
for a trip around the world, but he got no
farther than America. In Colorado he
visited the Mesa Verde, and his sub-
sequent explorations in that region took
up the entire summer. His investigations
were published at length in a monumental
work (printed in 1893 at Stockholm, but
in the English language) entitled "The
Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa Verde".
Among book collectors this folio, with its
fine typography and superb illustrations
has become one of the rarities. It can be
seen in most of the large libraries and is
well worth examination. Nordenskiold
was an expert photographer, and his ex-
cellent work is reproduced throughout
the volume.

Nordenskiold's death in 1895, (two
years after his book was published) at
the early age of twenty-seven, must have
been a distinct loss to archaeological re-
search in America. Since his day much

BALCONY HOUSE
This spectacular ruin is in a cavern high up on the side of a canyon. The balcony may be seen at the farther end.

Pa g e seven

Page eight

CLIFF PALACE

A view from the opposite side of Cliff Canyon, near the point from which
some stray cattle. This is the largest »«

CMATIONAL PARK

rtjghted in 1888 by Richard Wetherill and Charley Mason, who were seeking

*l-eing 300 feet long; it contained 200 rooms.

\P a g e nine

more extensive explorations have been
made on the Mesa by Dr. Edgar L.
Hewett and other ethnologists, but prin-
cipally by Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, Chief
of the Bureau of American Ethnology,

Smithsonian Institution. The larger and
more accessible ruins have been cleared
of debris, weak walls strengthened, etc.,
and it is now an easy matter for the
tourist to visit and examine them.

CENTRAL PORTION OF CLIFF PALACE

At the right is the Round Tower; at the left the Speaker Chief's House. Near the center is a rock too large for the
primitive builders to remove, the structure having been erected around it.

The Mesa and the Ruins

The prospective visitor to the Mesa Verde
should disabuse his mind of the impression, which
seems to prevail generally, that this portion
of Colorado is exceptionally dry. On the con-
trary, it is one of the best watered sections of
the State, and as a consequence the Montezuma
Valley, in which the Mesa Verde is situated, is a
favored agricultural district. Trees abound,
and it seems somewhat strange that the Spanish
name "Mesa Verde" ("green tableland") should
have been given to the particular portion where
the largest prehistoric habitations are found, in
view of the fact that other portions of the Monte-
zuma Valley are equally green.

The railroad gateway to Mesa Verde National
Park is Mancos, Colorado. Leaving this point
by automobile, the road leads us through the
open farming country which forms the pictur-
esque little Valley of the Mancos River. This is
the county road leading to Cortez, the county-
seat, twenty miles from the railroad. We leave it,
however, a few miles out and, turning to the left
on the new Government road, soon commence
the ascent of the Mesa Verde near its northern
extremity, Point Lookout. From the top we
obtain a magnificent view of the great valley to
the east and north. While in an air line the
main group of Cliff Dwellings is but ten miles
southwest of Mancos. the journey over the Mesa
to that point is thirty-two miles because of the

numerous small canyons which intervene, neces-
sitating alternate turns to the south and to the
north. Presently on one of the turns south-
ward we obtain a view of the actual Cliff Dwell-
ing section. Miles to the south we see what
appear to be white streaks among the green.
These are really the tops of the canyons in which
the prehistoric structures are found, although
at this distance there is practically no re-
semblance to the gorges as seen close at hand,
and the uninitiated invariably have to be told.
But, beyond, there are beautiful sights in the
hazy blues and purples that need no explanation,
except as to names and locations. We may now
enjoy the novelty of standing in one State,
Colorado, and looking into three others — Utah,
Arizona and New Mexico. This is the only
place in the country where four States join each
other at right-angles.

Far to the south rises a great rock, its top said
to be 1 ,800 feet above the surrounding plain,
which has the appearance of a vessel under full
sail. This is Shiprock, over the border in New
Mexico. Still beyond are the Chuckluck and
Carizo Mountains of Arizona. Close to us on
the west is Ute Mountain — also called "The
Sleeping Ute", its resemblance to a human figure
lying prone upon its back, with folded arms,
flowing hair to the north and toes to the south,
being most remarkable. Beyond the Ute are the

Blue Mountains of Utah, which in days gone by
were the refuge of evil-doers seeking to evade
justice. Northwestward, and so distant that the
air must be fairly clear to render them visible,
are the La Sal Mountains in the same State.
To the north is Lone Cone Peak, in Colorado,
and to the right of it the Needle Mountains,
while nearer at hand and to the east are the La
Plata Mountains in the vicinity of Durango.
In whatever direction you look, the view is
sublime. The ride over the beautiful Mesa in
the bracing air is an experience in itself. An
Easterner recently made the remark, while
passing over the road, that, even if there were
nothing unusual to be seen at the end of his trip,
this drive alone was worth the journey from
his home.

Just before arriving at the more densely wood-
ed portion of the Mesa to the south, we cross an
open tract in which numerous low mounds are
visible, and the sharp eye will detect stones
that have an angular shape. Each of these
mounds was once a structure in which the pre-
historic inhabitants took pride. For what
mortal could spend days upon days so carefully
shaping and smoothing with primitive tools
the rocks for his home and then as carefully
placing them stone upon stone with his especially
prepared mortar, without feeling on completion
even more satisfaction than we experience in our
far superior abodes?

It has been said that, if all these mounds could
be excavated, our present road would be leading
us through a district strewn with prehistoric
remains. One of the largest of the mounds was
opened in 1916 by Dr. Fewkes and found to
contain a unique and very remarkable structure.

We are soon threading our way through the
cedars and pinyons. The former are hoary old
veterans, with shaggy coats, twisted trunks
and limbs — in fact, some of their limbs are dead,
while others still tenaciously cling to the life
which they seem loth to leave. These old cedars,
or junipers, are the trees that might tell us a tale,
if only they could speak. The pinyons are
younger and probably have nothing to say.

Having left Mancos at 2:00 o'clock in the
afternoon, by 5:00 the automobile is at Spruce
Tree Camp, where good accommodations will be
found. Tents with raised floors and numerous
conveniences are provided, and meals are served
in a large frame building close at hand. A roomy
protection is provided for automobiles. There
are electric lights and also telephone connection
with the outside world. Near the brink of the
canyon is the museum, of appropriate log con-
struction. On the spacious veranda of the
museum one can sit at ease and look down and
across the canyon upon the imposing ruin of
Spruce Tree House in its picturesque setting of
green.

Spruce Tree House

Spruce Tree House, one of the largest of the
ruins, is situated a few hundred yards down the
canyon from Spruce Tree Camp. It is very
easily reached by a most attractive, shaded trail.
At the head of the canyon under a great over-
hanging ledge, is a fine spring of cold water.
One feature of the Mesa Verde is its abundant
supply of good drinking water, every one of the
principal Cliff Dwellings having a spring either in
the cave itself or close at hand.

Spruce Tree House is 2 16 feet long and 89 feet
wide at its greatest width. There have been
counted 114 rooms and eight kivas. In places
the structure was three stories high, and it is
estimated to have housed 350 people. Probably
the first features to attract our attention are the
circular openings, averaging perhaps fifteen feet
in diameter. These are the kivas mentioned
above. They were underground and are sup-
posed to have been used as gathering places by
the men of the different clans, also for secret
ceremonials.

The doors and windows of all the dwellings
will be found very interesting. They are usually
small and well made. A modern architect has
pointed out that these primitive people had
discovered the use of the sill and lintel in making
these openings, but not of the jamb. Some of
them are rectangular, while others are in the
unique Cliff Dwelling style of a T. with the
upper portion shortened. A large cross of this
character is found painted in red on the wall of
one of the rooms in Spruce Tree House.

Another curious feature in their construction
work is the fact that in laying their courses of
stone they did not systematically break the joints
— such breaking as was done appears to have
been accidental. Yet the walls held together
remarkably well.

In some of the rooms small port-holes will be
found, sometimes placed at an angle oblique to
the wall. It would appear beyond question
that these were for defensive purposes.

Cliff Palace

Cliff Palace, the largest of the Mesa Verde
Cliff Dwellings, is at the head of Cliff Canyon,
and, as usual, in a great cave on the side of the
cliff, and near the top. It is preferable for one
to get his first view of this ruin from across the
canyon, near Sun Temple, that being the point
from which the discoverers first caught sight of
it in 1888. From that vantage ground, showing
the castle-like walls and towers in the great cavity
on the side of the canyon, with the green pinyons
and cedars above and below, it is easy to under-
stand why its discoverers named it "Cliff
Palace".

The structure is approximately 300 feet long
and is estimated to have contained 200 rooms,
including 23 kivas. Its cave is an enormous
one, arching from 50 to 1 00 feet above it. Across
the canyon is Sun Temple. At a fine viewpoint
just before descending to Cliff Palace will be
observed the plate of the U. S. Geological Survey
showing the elevation as 6,789 feet — a com-
bination quite easy to remember.

Three of the outstanding features of Cliff
Palace are the Square Tower, the Round Tower
and the "Speaker Chief's House", occupying
different positions throughout the structure.
The first contains some painted signs that are of
interest.

Another feature is the large number of kivas.
It is said that there was a numerical relationship
between the population and the number of kivas
in a cliff dwelling. I n Cliff Palace no space which
could be used for the construction of such a
chamber seems to have been overlooked.

Usually the kivas and forward rooms are
smoothly plastered, but it is interesting to
examine the rear walls and see the hand work
where the builders were less careful. The prints

Page eleven

SUN TEMPLE

A ruin, evidently intended for religious purposes, excavated in 1915. The walls, of carefully cut red stone, are double.

four feet thick, and in places nearly twelve feet high. At the left may be seen the stump of

a cedar found growing from the wall; it contains 360 annual rings.

of the fingers may be plainly seen, and in some
places the actual grain of the skin is still in
evidence.

Balcony House

In Soda Canyon, at a point two and one-half
miles from Spruce Tree Camp, is Balcony House.
This ruin, while not so large as Cliff Palace and
Spruce Tree House, occupies a most spectacular
site high up on the side of the canyon and
possesses features which are distinctly its own.
One of these is the "balcony", at an elevation of
about six feet above the floor in one end of the
structure, from which point a beautiful view
is presented out over the canyon.

Balcony House is easily entered by ladders.
But the ancient inhabitants used a strange
entrance at the southern end. This was through
a crevice between the canyon wall and an
enormous rock, thirty feet or more in height,
which had broken away from the side and had
found lodgment sufficient to prevent its falling
to the bottom of the canyon far below. Both
exterior and interior ends of this crevice were
walled up by the Cliff Dwellers, with the ex-
ception of a very small rectangular opening at the
base, through which it is necessary to crawl
prostrate. High above the outside of the
entrance is a porthole, and behind this is a
platform, from which a prehistoric sharpshooter
could do deadly work in protecting the village
behind him. Some distance from the outer end
of the entrance the ancient trail to the top of the
canyon is plainly visible.

Sun Temple

In 1915 Dr. Fewkes opened a large mound on
a promontory across the canyon from Cliff
Palace. This mound, which was covered with

trees and other growth, had been known to
tain a ruin of some sort, but not even
Fewkes was prepared for the development t
followed. The structure disclosed is in the f
of the letter "D", with the flat side toward t
south. The walls are of red stone, carefully c
They are double, four feet thick, and from five
nearly twelve feet high. The front is 1 3 1 feet 1
This building, of a type found nowhere else on
Mesa Verde, had evidently been erected accord-
ing to a pre-arranged plan. Several theories
have been advanced as to its use, but it is now
generally accepted that it was built for religious
purposes, and this is strengthened by the finding
of a stone on which is a fossil palm-leaf, adjoining
the southwestern corner of the structure. This
fossil had been enclosed with stones on three
sides, giving it somewhat the appearance of an
altar. It is considered that the prehistoric
shippers regarded the shape of the fossi
representative of the sun.

During the excavation a red cedar tree
found growing out of the wall near its hig
point. This was cut down and found to cont
360 annual rings. Of course the building
been abandoned before the tree sprouted,
how long a time had elapsed between
abandonment and the sprouting no one can
tell.

Oak Tree (Willow) House and Painted
House

These are two very interesting, though smaller,
ruins in Fewkes Canyon not far from Sun
Temple. The former is sometimes called
"Willow House" because of the willow withes
in the mortar of one of the walls in which no
stones were used, being virtually an instance of
prehistoric "reinforcement." Painted House is

>f an

but
the

Page twelve

a short distance farther up the canyon, near its
head, and is distinguished for its painted walls,
some most interesting figures of animals being
visible in one of the rooms.

Square Tower (Peabody) House

This ruin, also with characteristics of its own,
is in Navajo Canyon, three miles from Spruce
Tree Camp. One of its principal features is the
square tower, several stories high. Square Tower
House has never been cleared of debris, and con-
tains one kiva on which the roof is partly in
place, distinctly showing the ingenious method
of construction.

Far View House

With the exception of Sun Temple and Far
View House, the ruins now visible in Mesa Verde
National Park are all in caverns on the sides of
the canyons. A few years ago Far View House
was one of a number of mounds, called the
"Mummy Lake Group" (the "lake" having been
a prehistoric reservoir), four and one-half miles
north of Spruce Tree Camp. In 1916 Dr. Fewkes
excavated this mound and discovered a rect-
angular pueblo 1 1 3 feet long by 1 00 feet wide.
The building was terraced and at one end was
three stories high. The fire places and stones for
grinding corn may still be seen in the highest
room. Less than a hundred feet from one corner
lies the cemetery, from which were taken a
number of skeletons with their customary offer-
ings of food bowls and other objects. Fifteen
other mounds have been counted in Mummy
Lake village, and other towns of the same
character may be seen from this point.

A Prehistoric Watch Tower

This is a most interesting structure, largely
on account of its individuality. It is round and

occupies the top of a conical-shaped rock on the
side of Navajo Canyon. There are no dwellings
in the immediate vicinity, 1 1 is a question in the
minds of some ethnologists whether it was used
for watching purposes, as structures of this shape
are considered to have some relation to the re-
ligion of the early inhabitants. The Tower is
about three miles from Spruce Tree Camp and ia
reached by a good trail.

Spring House

This is a very fine, large ruin in Long Canyon,
approximately five miles from Spruce Tree Camp.
It has never been cleared of debris; when this is
done, it will undoubtedly present a striking
appearance. A good spring of cold water at the
back of the cavern accounts for the name.
There is a good trail to Spring House, and it
makes a most interesting one-day trip. The
Natural Bridge is directly below.

The Natural Bridge

This is an interesting feature of the Mesa
Verde which was located only a few years ago.
It is in Long Canyon directly below Spring
House. The distance from end to end under the
arch is ninety feet, and the height is twenty-five.
The Bridge is reached by trail only.

Other Ruins

There are very many other ruins, of varying
sizes, in the Park and adjacent thereto, many
of which, because of their being almost inacces-
sible, have scarcely been visited in modern times,
and some no doubt have not been entered at all
since their abandonment centuries ago. A num-
ber of these can be seen from the larger ruins
described above.

A large ruin not yet cleared of debris. When cleared, some interesting discoveries undoubtedly will be
is a cold spring between the rear of the structure and the wall of the cavern.

There

Page thirteen

Transportation and Accommodations

Auto stages of the Mesa Verde Transportation Com-
pany operate daily between the railroad station at Mancos.
Colo., and Spruce Tree Camp in Mesa Verde National
Park; distance 32 miles; time required three hours. Con-
nections are made with trains in each direction. Auto
stages leave the railroad station at 2:00 P. M. and the
Camp at 8:00 A. M. The round-trip fare from Mancos
to Spruce Tree Camp is $10.00, which includes auto
service from the Camp to Cliff Palace. Balcony House.
Sun Temple and Square Tower House.

Spruce Tree Camp (adjacent to Spruce Tree House
ruin), is operated by Oddie L. Jeep (postoffice address,
Mancos. Colo); rate $4.00 per day. American plan.

During the summer season, round-trip excursion
tickets at reduced fares are sold to Mancos or through to
Mesa Verde National Park as destination. Passengers
visiting the Park as a side-trip, in connection with journeys
to other destinations, will find stop-over privileges available
on round-trip or one-way tickets.

From many sections trips may be planned to include
visits to two or more of the following National Parks in
the Rocky Mountain region: Mesa Verde. Glacier. Yellow-
atone and Rocky Mountain.

Time Required to See the Ruins
Leaving Mancos at 2:00 P. M. and arriving Spruce
Tree Camp at 5:00 P. M. permits of visiting Spruce Tree
House, near at hand, the same evening. Next day Balcony
House. Square Tower House. Sun Temple and Cliff Palace
may be visited by auto, being distant from two to three
miles. Leaving for Mancos at 8:00 A. M. the following day.
Far View House may be visited en route. Not less than
thirty-six hours should be spent in the Park, and longer
time is desirable.

Season

The season in Mesa Verde National Park extends
from May I to October 31.

Park Administration

Mesa Verde National Park is under the jurisdiction of
the Director, National Park Service, Department of the
Interior. Washington, D. C. The Park Superintendent is
located at Mancos, Colo.

U. S. Government Publications

The following publications may be obtained from the
Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing
Office. Washington. D. C.. at the prices given. Remit-
tances should be made by money order or in cash:
Antiquities of the Mesa Verde National Park: Spruce Tree
House, by J. W. Fewkes. 58 pages, illustrated.
40 cents.

Park- Cliff
illustrated

Antiquities of the Mesa Verde National

Palace, by J. W. Fewkes. 82 pages

45 cents.
Excavation and Repair of Sun Temple. Mesa Verde

National Park, by J. W. Fewkes. 32 pages, illustrated.

15 cents.
National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard. 260

pages, 270 illustrations; descriptive of nine National

Parks. Pamphlet edition. 35 cents; book edition

55 cents.
Panoramic view of Mesa Verde National Park; 22 '/2 by 19

inches; 25 cents.

The following may be obtained from the Director of
the United States Geological Survey. Washington. D. C..
at price given:
Map of Mesa Verde National Park; 31 by 46 inches; scale.

one-half mile to the inch. 20 cents.

The following publications may be obtained free on
written application to the Director of the National Park
Service. Washington. D. C.. or by personal application to
the superintendent of the park:

Circular of General Information regarding Mesa Verde

National Park.

Glimpses of our National Parks. 48 pages, illustrated.
Map showing location of National Parks and Monuments

and railroad routes thereto.

U. S. R. R. Administration Publications

The following publications may be obtained free on
application to any Consolidated Ticket Office; or apply to
the Bureau of Service. National Parks and Monuments, or
Travel Bureau — Western Lines. 646 Transportation Build-
ing. Chicago. 111.:

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies.
California for the Tourist.
Colorado and Utah Rockies.
Crater Lake National Park, Oregon.
Glacier National Park, Montana.
Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
Hawaii National Park, Hawaiian Islands.
Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas.
Mesa Verde National Park. Colorado.
Mount Rainier National Park, Washington.
Northern Lakes — Wisconsin. Minnesota. Upper Michi

Iowa and Illinois.
Pacific Northwest and Alaska.
Petrified Forest National Monument. Arizona.
Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado.
Sequoia and General Grant National Parks. California.
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Montana,

Yosemite National Park, California.
Zion National Monument, Utah.

A GROUP OF RELICS TAKEN FROM THE RUINS
The twelve large jars were found recently in a ruin which had never been entered in modern times. They were discovered

arranged in order in one room, as though stored for future use.
Page fourteen

•'Woo

'|^V

-•I><tlw.v..

"iiul

•PAH

s"1

®^3&*t4?*
w*£^ * tr

'wj rJL° M • » c U3Hri'i<a

?7 i OCM>" I '^fc^

feSLs^t J ^""B R A s

r *«'• ^ ^^^JjOCJ^J^i. 0rMd liUad ''SKS.A

^fesvpLjaaLr

-*•'•»• co • y k f«j(i»a * k.

-., o *«^1l9JM'Jfl* U«<«'illr" "'Nvtfc

"•«w^*fr "—J^-H K . r-;

J^KTV*ejJ|:7*c O V Pu0.,,,, H«W,lM0.o

^^»te%:^:rt.L _.-it -

«^gj. *^*ifc^Tf ~ il /M' J
^' 7»r-€^f :v Y« "-"rjr. J

4.T5 ?•"•'•«? r^'f [„"""

'"«» : 1Ba.~J~.' p ".,..,,•

a-S

^•r • *

IKANCAftfJ

•fe

«o.°w.i,i

KAHOOLAVWE

PACIFIC 0 CIA "AW '
THE HAWAftAN ISLANDS

The National Parks at a Glance

United States Railroad Administration

Director General of Railroads

For particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc., apply to any Railroad Ticket Agent, or to any
of the following Consolidated Ticket Offices:

West

Lincoln. Neb. .. .. 104 N. 13th St.

Little Rock. Ark 202 W. 2d St.

Long Beach. Cal . .L. A. & S. L. Station
Los Angeles. Cal. . . .215 S. Broadway

Milwaukee. Wis 99 Wisconsin St.

Minneapolis. Minn.. 202 Sixth St. South

Beaumont. Tex.. Orleans and Pearl Sts.

Bremerton. Wash 224 Front St.

Butte. Mont 2 N. Main St.

Chicago. Ill 175 W. Jackson Blvd.

Colorado Springs, Colo.

119 E. Pike's Peak Ave.

Dallas. Tex 112-114 Field St.

Denver. Colo 601 17th St.

Des Moines. Iowa 403 Walnut St.

Duluth. Minn 334 W. Superior St.

El Paso. Tex Mills and Oregon Sts.

Ft. Worth. Tex 702 Houston St.

Fresno. Cal J and Fresno Sts.

Galveston. Tex. .21st and Market Sts.

Helena. Mont 58 S. Main St.

Houston. Tex 904 Texas Ave.

Kansas City. Mo.

Ry. Ex. Bldg.. 7th and Walnut Sts. j

Annapolis, Md 54 Maryland Ave.

Atlantic City. N. J.. 1301 Pacific Ave.

Baltimore. Md B. & O. R. R. Bldg.

Boston. Mass 67 Franklin St.

Brooklyn. N. Y 336 Fulton St.

Buffalo. N. Y. .Main and Division Sts.
Cincinnati, Ohio. . .6th and Main Sts.

St. Paul. Minn. . .4th and Jackson Sta.

Sacramento. Cal 801 K St.

Salt Lake City. Utah

Main and S. Temple Sts.
San Antonio. Tex.

315-17 N. St. Mary's St.

Oakland. Cal. . . 13th St. and Broadway San Diego. Cal 300 Broadway

Ocean Park. Cal 160 Pier Ave. San Francisco. Cal.

Oklahoma City. Okla.

131 W. Grand Ave
Omaha. Neb 1416 Dodge St.

Lick Bldg.. Post St. and Lick Place
San Jose. Cal.. I stand San Fernando Sts.

Seattle. Wash 714-16 2d Ave.

Peoria. 111. .. Jefferson and Liberty Sts. Shrevepprt. La.. Milam and Market Sts.

Phoenix, Ariz.

Cleveland. Ohic . .
Columbus, Ohio.
Dayton, Ohio

1 004 Prospect Ave.
... 70 East Gay St.
..I9S. LudlowSt.

.nz. aioux ^ity, low

Adams St. and Central Ave. Spokane. Wash.

Portland. Ore. .3d and Washington Sts.

Pueblo. Colo 401-3 N. Union Ave.

St. Joseph. Mo 505 Francis St.

St. Louis. Mo.

318-328 North Broadway

East

Detroit. Mich ... 13 W. LaFayette Ave.
Evansville. Ind. . . L. & N. R. R. Bldg.

Grand Rapids. Mich 125 Pearl St.

Indianapolis, Ind.. I 12-14 English Block
Newark. N. J.. Clinton and Beaver Sts.

New York. N. Y 64 Broadway

New York. N. Y 57 Chambers St.

New York. N. Y 31 W. 32d St.

New York. N. Y 1 14 W. 42d St.

Sioux City. Iowa 510 4th St.

Davenport Hotel, 815 Sprague Ave.
Tacoma. Wash. .. I 117- 1 9 Pacific Ave.

Waco. Tex 6th and Franklin Sts.

Whittier. Cal. . . . L. A. & S. L. Station
Winnipeg. Man 226 Portage Ave.

Philadelphia. Pa..

Pittsburgh. Pa

Reading. Pa

Rochester. N. Y..
Syracuse. N. Y. . .

Toledo. Ohio

Washington. D. C.
Williamsport. P

.1539 Chestnut St.

. .Arcade Building
....I6N. Fifth St.

20 State St.

. .University Block
.320 Madison Ave.

. 1229 FSt. N. W.

.4th and Pine Sts.

Asheville. N. C 14 S. Polk Square

Atlanta. Ga 74 Peachtree St.

Augusta. Ga 811 Broad St.

Birmingham, Ala 2010 1st Ave.

Charleston. S. C Charleston Hotel

Charlotte. N. C 22 S. Tryon St.

Chattanooga. Tenn 817 Market St.

Columbia. S. C Arcade Building

Jacksonville. Fla 38 W. Bay St.

South

Knoxville. Tenn 600 Gay St.

Lexington. Ky Union Station

Louisville, Ky. . . .4th and Market Sts.

Lynchburg. Va 722 Main St.

Memphis. Tenn 60 N. Main St.

Mobile. Ala 51 S. Royal St.

Montgomery. Ala Exchange Hotel

Nashville. Tenn. Independent Life Bldg.
New Orleans. La St. Charles Hotel

Wilmington. Del 905 Market St.

Paducah. Ky 430 Broadway

Pensacola. Fla San Carlos Hotel

Raleigh. N. C 305 LaFayette St.

Richmond. Va 830 E. Main St.

Savannah. Ga 37 Bull St.

Sheffield. Ala Sheffield Hotel

Tampa. Fla Hillsboro Hotel

Vicksburg. Miss. .1319 Washington St.
Winston-Salem. N. C.. 236 N. Main St.

PRESS OF W. J. HARTMAN CO.. CHICAGO

A GLIMPSE OF SPRUCE TREE HOUSE

This ruin is a short distance down the canyon from Spruce Tree Camp and is reached by
an easy trail through the trees.

1 _

MI RAINIER

National Park

SHIMOTONT

UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION

NATIONAL PAR.KL SERIES

Page two

An Appreciation of

Mount Rainier National Park

By GILBERT H. GROSVENOR, Editor, National Geographic Magazine

Written Especially for the United States Railroad Administration

AHOMA— the Mountain That Was God! Thus the
aboriginal Indians christened the sublimely majestic peak
which broods over one of earth's most beautiful play-
grounds— Mount Rainier National Park.

All of America's great parks extend to our people an almost irresist-
ible invitation, truly irresistible if the individual has in his soul the
llove of wide spaces, beautiful vistas, forests, mountains, rocks, streams
and flowers; but no other offers to the wayfarer, the traveler and the
:seeker of recreation so easily accessible a variety of charms, of creature
comforts and of scenic grandeur as this wonderful preserve, with its
snow-capped mountain towering nearly three miles above the sea; with
its more than a score of glaciers tracing with fingers of ice the wrinkles
of centuries upon the granite face of the heights; with its Paradise
Valley carpeted with myriad wild flowers of every hue; with its un-
limited diversions of camp life, mountain climbing, ice cave explora-
tions, skiing and snowshoeing in midsummer, and automobiling mile
jpon mile over perfect roads, through giant forests, skirting the brow
}f overhanging ledges, and to the trickling waters of the melting glaciers
themselves.

The glories of mountain-and-valley scenery in the Swiss Alps excel
:he beauties of Mount Rainier National Park in only one particular—
:he fact that they enjoy the advantage of a thousand years of advan-
tageous advertising. Some day our people are going to waken to the
ealization that in our own America, our Land of the Best, Nature has
jiven us scenic charms and natural wonders which surpass those of
;very other land. Mount Rainier National Park is a matchless proof of
his statement. I wish no lover of the great outdoors would accept my
vord for this; he should verify these superlatives about Mount Rainier
National Park by personal observation this summer.

To the American People:

Secretary of me Interior

E who seeks a renewal of
spirit in the vast world of
out-of-doors, who reads the
messages written on Nature's
tables of stone, who hears
music in the waterfall, who studies
perfection as expressed in the dew-
sprinkled flower, and who sees, in the
pearly whiteness of mountain summits,
a symbol of all things pure, may attain
his ideals in the mountains of Wash-
ington.

Up through forests of fir and cedar the
foothills rise, wave on wave, like a great
green sea. Above this sea towers the
giant snow-crowned summit of Rainier.

Mo.unt Rainier — the Pacific North
Coast crowning landmark — is the most
titanic, extinct volcano in America out-
side of Alaska. Rising, snow-mantled,
nearly three miles into the air from an
evergreen forest base, which slopes to
Puget Sound, its beauty and grandeur
are supremely impressive.

With a mystery and majesty pecul-
iarly its own, Rainier holds sway over all
its kindred. It became king of the north-
ern mountains geologic ages ago, when
a mighty upheaval rent the earth
asunder. Born of a fiery conflict, the
heat of those fires has cooled, and the
glistening, snow-crowned summit of
today bears little resemblance to the
molten mass of ages ago.

Pa He four

National Park

unt

Nowhere on the globe can such
variety of Nature's masterpieces be en-
joyed, and of all pleasurable places along
the Pacific, none is more inspiring than
Mount Rainier National Park.

It is a delightful region, composed of
parks, mountains, woods, summer-lands,
lakes, waterfalls, tumbling rivers, and
living glaciers, made easily accessible by
roads, trails and by-paths.

The lover of mountain scenery will
find never-to-be-forgotten pictures
this National Park. Seen from Pu
Sound, the impressiveness of Mou
Rainier is due to its being situated a
dozen miles west of the crest of the
Cascade Range, on the forested plain
sloping to tidewater. From viewpoi
distant fifty to a hundred miles,
appears to rise directly from sea level, so
insignificant seem the ridges about its
base. The white uplift is unspeakably
awe-compelling. 1 1 towers alone, distinct
and commanding — far surpassing in
height all peaks within sweep of the eye.
Only a few of the world's great moun-
tains stand thus detached, and none has
a more inspiring setting.

Little wonder that the child-like mind
of the Indian, unable to understand t
mountain, unable to explain its volca
origin and its unusual phenomen
should deify it! Surely the park-like
spaces that hang like a mammoth fl

Columbia Crest, the highest point of Mount Rainier, is 14.408 feet above sea level, and is the source of six primary
glaciers which descend to the base of the mountain

wreath between timber and snow were
the fitting tabernacle of a God. And did
not a beneficent God direct the streams
pouring out from under the glaciers,
from which the aborigine obtained most
of his food and which afforded him
highways through the forests? When
storms came and the land was darkened,
he saw the great clouds gather around
the summit, and the mountain hid its
face. After the storm was ended and his
beautiful land, with its hundreds of miles
of inland seas, was flooded with sunshine,
the mountain came out of the clouds,
its splendor renewed. Always it was
there, watching over him, ever changing,
yet always the same.

And who is there today to deny that
this is holy ground? Surely that which is
one of the most perfect of Nature's pro-
ductions and which leads the mind to
higher, nobler thoughts, is entitled to our
reverence. Yet we need not worship
from afar, as the Indian did. Beautiful
as this mountain is from the distance,
those beauties are increased by a closer
acquaintance.

In the upper forests the wonder
flowers appear, becoming dense with the
higher altitude, until everywhere, as far
as the eye can sweep, there is a sea of
blooms of all colors. They reach in
billows clear to the snow line. Some

follow the snow so closely that they may
be found blooming along its edge or even
in the smaller snow fields, while others
climb the mountain sides far above the
snow line and bloom in sheltered niches
amid masses of rock and ice.

A visit to the summit of this extinct
volcano cannot fail to be impressive.
There are two craters, the larger 1 ,600
feet in diameter. From the rim between
the two, rises an immense mound of
snow known as Columbia Crest; this is
the mountain's summit.

Nature, the supreme landscape archi-
tect, has given this glacier-clad landmark
an evergreen-forest setting, adorned with
vast masses of flowers which form scenic
combinations impossible to portray by
word or picture. No vocabulary, no
camera, no pencil, no brush can do more
than suggest what one can see in this
Wonderland. Hence you should see
it for yourself and, if possible, climb to
the top.

The sensation of having accomplished
the ascent of the mountain has been best
described by Maj. E. S. Ingraham, who
was one of the first to climb Mount
Rainier, and has since made the ascent
many times.

"After long hours of incessant
climbing I stand on the crest. A cold
wind pierces my tired body to the mar-

-Page fiv

row, yet my soul forgets the discomforts
of its inhabitation and surges and ex-
pands. Around me slumber the snows
of a century, yielding not to winter's
blast nor summer's heat. One law alone
they obey, that causes the apple to fall
and the planets to keep their appointed
places. Inch by inch they are dragged
down the mountain's rock-ribbed side
until they form the slow-moving glacier.
The stunted trees upon the glacier's
bank have grown old, beckoning it on-
ward. The flowers of a hundred summers
have smiled upon it and bid it welcome.
Yet it pauses not nor yet hastens. When
the snows upon which I now stand
shall have reached the silver stream
far below, our children's children may
listen to its murmuring."

Two-Day Trip to the Park

Mount Rainier National Park
connected by automobile stages of the
Rainier National Park Company with
Ashford, Wash., a railroad station about
three hours' ride from Tacoma and four
hours from Seattle, Wash., and six miles
from the Park entrance.

The ride, by auto-stage, from Ashford
to Longmire Springs, near the foot of the
mountain, at any hour of the day or by
moonlight, is a treasured memory. Take
it as often as you may, it is always a new

delight. The route is across the upper
Nisqually Valley, with its miniature
fertile farms formerly covered by firs
and pines, thence through the primeval
forest. At the Park Entrance a stop is
made for registration. This formality
is soon over, the Park Ranger Quarters
are admired, and the auto-stage continues
along the dancing Nisqually, crossing a
recrossing, affording ever-changing vi
of the mountain, until the arrival
Longmire Springs in time for lunch
At Longmire Springs are located Natio
Park Inn and Longmire Hotel (2,700 feet
altitude and thirteen miles from Ash-
ford). Here is the picturesque, miniature
valley where, in 1883, James Longmire
located a ranch noted for mineral springs
of health-restoring worth, which give
their name to the place. After a good
meal, there is time for viewing the famous
Longmire Springs — thirty-five bubbling
mineral fountains, destined to rival the
most renowned spas of the world. From
the inn porch there is an incomparable,
near view of the mountain, its shining
crest eight miles distant in an air line.
From the evergreen-forest frame, it rises
11,700 feet above the level of the e;
There are days when it appears no nea
than when viewed from tide-water poin
and again it seems even farther removed,
according to atmospheric conditions.

Entrance to Mount Rainier National Park

Visitors generally board the morning
train from Seattle or Tacoma, arriving
at Longmire Springs for luncheon. Im-
mediately thereafter, the auto-stage is
taken for Nisqually Glacier, five miles
distant by a road which winds in loops
and curves along the heavily wooded
mountain flank, above the tumbling river
which appears and disappears between
the trees. Through the forest openings,
the ever-changing views compose a mar-
velous panorama and at every bend com-
ments are made again and again on the
fine boulevard and the skill and artistry
of its builders.

Nisqually Glacier, altitude 4,000 feet,
is 1 ,300 feet above Longmire Springs, and
the road has an average 4.8 per cent
grade, or a rise of 260 feet to the mile,
yet so smooth is the going, the climb is
not realized. Here is the first view of a
glacier, for some 300 yards above the
bridge is the moraine-covered nose of
Nisqually Glacier, which blocks the
valley to a height of 400 feet. From a
yawning cave in its front issues the Nis-
qually River — a torrent at its start. In
the long ago the glacier completely filled
the valley above and below the bridge,
and people still live who recall the time
when it came down to the present river
crossing. It is the one ice river in the
world at the terminus of an auto-boule-
vard, reached in five hours from metro-
politan centers.

There are more than a score of such
torrents in the Park, having a similar
glacial origin, among which Nisqually
River takes foremost rank. A path easy
to climb follows up the side of the glacier
and crosses the lower portion to the op-
posite side. The traveler thus visualizes
the great bulk of this ice-flow that starts
at Columbia Crest, more than 1 0,000 feet
higher and distant six miles in an air line.
From this trail are matchless views of
Nisqually Valley and the mountains that
form the background to the south and
west.

En route to Paradise, good-bye is
said to the Nisqually River, which was
first met at Lagrande and which has
afforded thirty-five miles of scenic thrills.
Above Paradise Valley it will be seen
again, where it is a huge ice stream, for
it is well to remember that the Nisqually
is one of the six primary glaciers which

head at the crest where the neve" cas-
cades have broken down the crater rim.
From here the climb starts in earnest.
Rounding the bold promontory over-
looking the forested valley to the south,
with the whole Tatoosh Range flanked
by Eagle Peak in the background — an
inspiring view — the road winds abruptly
into the Paradise River watershed. This
sharp vantage angle — altitude 4,225
feet — where a step over the retaining
wall would mean a sheer drop of a
thousand feet into the turbulent Nis-
qually, is Ricksecker Point, named for
the engineer who laid out the road from
Park Entrance to Paradise Valley.

Thus, winding along toward the
canyon, Narada Falls suddenly fills the
view directly below the road, framed in
by overhanging trees. Narada is a
Hindoo word, meaning peace. Then
comes Inspiration Point — the circular
bridge around Horseshoe Bend affording
a view of the Tatoosh Range. Next
the road climbs, in zigzag switchbacks,
crossing precipitous glacial boulders
overlooking Washington Torrents, a
series of short falls in Paradise River,
extending about a mile. Other pleasing
vistas are passed, and Paradise Valley is
reached (5,557 feet altitude) — the end of
the government boulevard from Ash-
ford, where the flowered meadowland
meets the glaciers. This ride is two
hours of unalloyed rapture. There are
no other roads in the Park, except the
Storbo Road from the northeastern part
of the Park, to Glacier Basin. All other
places are reached by trails. One trail
entirely encircles the mountain.

Among the recent improvements is
Paradise Inn, at Paradise Valley, which
affords an unobstructed view of the
mountain, its white-mantled crown
towering 8,700 feet above the wide
veranda, distant but five miles as the
crew flies. Strange as it may seem, the
royal crest looks no nearer than from
Longmire Springs.

Paradise Valley offers many absorbing
attractions, such as the fields of Alpine
flowers, three hundred varieties massed
in all colors as far as the eye can reach,
Paradise Glacier, a safe, snow play-place
where winter sports are a summer joy,
and the full sweep of Nisqually Glacier.
Paradise Glacier is easily accessible.

Page seven

The trip outlined in the previous par-
agraphs covers two days in the Park,
spending one night in Paradise Valley.
1 1 is made in comfort and free from haste,
and includes the primary features of a
visit to Mount Rainier National Park —
the sunset and sunrise and leisure.

Ever since the early days, good trails
have led to Indian Henry's Hunting
Ground, Van Trump Park, and Eagle
Peak. Visitors who tarry over a day
are most certain to go to Indian Henry's
and Van Trump Park. Eagle Peak is
the usual first tryout hike for those who
plan to climb the mountain, and no better
beginning in real mountaineering could
be desired. Its altitude is 5,955 feet, or
about 3,200 feet higher than Longmire.

On the downward way the same
places are met with in reverse order,
forming new views, as if on another road.
The distant mountain panorama is im-
pressive. Go up and down this miracle
boulevard as often as you may, it is never
the same. Always the last passing is the
best.

The Climb up the Mountain

The earlier ascents were over the
Gibraltar Trail from Paradise Valley,
the route commonly taken. The trip
is made many times each season, and
with the regular guides no difficulties
should be encountered. Climbers leave
Paradise in the afternoon, and spend the
night at Camp Muir, under Gibraltar,
which point must needs be reached be-
fore the morning sun starts to melt the
snow — for the climb can be made only
while the snow slopes are still frozen.

A welcome place is the shelter hut at
Camp Muir. It affords desired safety
and comfort, enabling climbers to remain
over night or out-stay an unlocked for
storm before continuing the upward hike.
More people go as far as this vantage
station than formerly, owing to the Muir
Cabin, which is a stimulus to outdoor
enthusiasts to place their names on the
honor roll of those who have attained
the summit.

Now that the west side trail is
connected with the north side trail,
alert mountaineers, who prefer real
camping, ascend from Glacier Basin
(elevation 5,900 feet), on The Wedge.
From here the trail swings around the

the

•

end of the Interglacier, before crossing
almost its full length to Camp Curtis.
This was the August, 1915, route of The
Mountaineers, when fifty-seven persons,
of whom twenty-one were women,
signed the roster of the record cylinder
on the summit, which was deposited in
the crater rim under Columbia Crest.
The climb is along the border of Emmons
Glacier, near where it separates from
Winthrop Glacier. The Mountaineei
made the ascent from Camp Curtis
Columbia Crest in nine hours and foi
minutes, each climber arriving in
condition.

Once on the summit, the point
reached where one looks down on the
land in all directions — the country
the vast silence, where there are
echoes, and where the winds
suddenly and fiercely.

Have you ever journeyed thus to
these great Temples of Silence? Have
you ever reached the top of the very
last spire of a mountain summit ai
gazed at the panorama of the
below, where the rivers look like sib
threads on soft blue velvet?

If you have, you can remember
feeling of awe with which you gazed
the vastness below you. Then cai
the overwhelming desire to shout,
break the surrounding silence; and y<
did yell lustily, only to find that in tl
altitude the voice reached no fartl
than the lips. There was nothing
fling back the echo.

The sun slides down the western si
and the far mountain peaks grow pink,
then flame, then glow like jewels in the
flashing colors of an opal's heart. The
blue shadows begin to steal upwarc
pushing away the warm reds and pinl
and covering the world with a bh
black velvet mantle that grows blacl
and more black, until only the hi
flung peaks show white and cold
it, and the waters of the Sound gleam
across the blackness, reflecting still the
faint pink of the sky.

The descent is begun among the gath-
ering shadows that mantle the rocks, and
Paradise Inn is reached in due time.

The downward journey is not without
interest. While accomplished more
easily than the ascent, there is plenty to
see and to do.

P a &e> eight

-o '

Jlf

Page nine

Interior of Clubroom. National Park Inn

The Origin of This Mountain Playground

Puget Sound history begins in May, 1 792,
with Captain George Vancouver, of the Royal
British Navy, surveying these waters. His
journal tells of "a very remarkable, high, round
mountain apparently at the southern extremity
of the distant range of snowy mountains, which,
after my friend Rear Admiral Rainier, I dis-
tinguished by the name of Mount Rainier."

Probably the first suggestion that the mountain
and its surrounding forests be set apart as a
National Park was made in 1883, by James
Bryce, afterward British Ambassador to Wash-
ington. He, with Baron Von Bunsen and others,
on their visit to this region for the celebration of
the first north Pacific railroad, wrote a memorial
to Henry Villard, recommending and urging a
congressional enactment to that end. The agi-
tation continued, and in 1899 Congress was in-
duced to withdraw a tract eighteen miles square
(207,360 acres) from the Pacific Coast Forest
Reserve as a public park for the benefit of the
people.

So far as known, the first to enter within the
boundaries of Mount Rainier National Park was
Dr. William Fraser Tolmie. the botanist of the
Hudson Bay Company, who, in August, 1833,
climbed Tolmie Peak in quest of "beautiful
flowers and superb views." Speaking of the
mountain, he notes in his journal, "a few small
glaciers were seen on the conical portion," which
is believed to be the earliest mention of glaciers
in the United States. Naturally, those ice
streams appeared small from a distance of ten
miles.

The next approach was by Lieutenant (after-
ward General) A. V. Kautz, in 1857, who had a

passion for mountaineering, and how high he
climbed never will be known. "We are not
likely," he wrote, "to have any competitors in
this attempt to explore the summit of Mount
Rainier. When the locomotive is heard in this
region some day, when American enterprise has
established an ice cream saloon at the foot of
the glaciers, and sherry cobblers can be had at
twenty-five cents half up the mountain, at-
tempts to climb that magnificent snow peak
will be quite frequent. But many a long
will pass before the roads are sufficiently g
to induce anyone to do what we did in the su
mer of 1857." This was no vain boasting.

The third conquest of the mountain was
August, 1870, when General Hazard Stev
and Philander Beecher Van Trump named Peak
Success and were the first to spend a night
under the shelter of the crater.

James Longmire blazed a trail to his ranch
1884, which later was extended to Paradii
The first women in these elysian meadows
credited with this apt christening. In amaze
the wealth of flowers they exclaimed. "What
Paradise!"

The medicinal properties of the springs
won renown, and the trail was widened to a
roadway, the first in the Park. This ranch and
some mining claims were located before the
National Forest and Park were created. The
Longmire road, rough as it was, remained the
best approach until 1906, when work was begun
on the Government boulevard. This boulevard
was constructed under direction of the War De-
partment and was opened for travel to Paradise
Valley in 1910. but automobiles were not allowed
above Nisqually Glacier prior to 1915.

ten

Most of the trails follow the road surveys.
Not till the 1915 season were the different trails
connected so that the entire circuit could be
made. This betterment was hastened at the
solicitation of The Mountaineers — an incor-
porated organization of hikers — who hold the
distinction of being the first to encircle the moun-
tain by the Government trails. This outing was
participated in by one hundred and five men
and women, who enjoyed a three weeks' knap-
sack trip, traveling well above timber line,
crossing glaciers and descending into the parks
to camp at night. The summit ascent was
achieved by fifty-seven, of whom twenty-one
were women. In the story of the Park this record
marks an important mile post.

Towering Peaks and Massive Glaciers

Columbia Crest, 14,408 feet elevation, is near
the center of the old crater rim. This summit
dome measures from one to more than two miles
across. Liberty Cap, 14,112 feet, on the north,
Peak Success, 14,150 feet, on the southwest,
Gibraltar Rock, 12,679 feet, on the southeast,
with a few nameless, rugged remnants, are all
that remain of this barrier. Because of the low
temperatures prevailing at this high altitude, the
drifting snows around the crown never melt, and
no ice is formed about the summit.

About four thousand feet below the summit, the
snows collect in great hollows called cirques, from
which emerge the glaciers. In these cirques the
snow is hundreds, sometimes thousands of feet
deep. Weight freezes it first into coarse granules;
then it is known as neve: after it begins to move,
pressure turns the neve into solid blue ice. Six
primary glaciers head near the summit. These
are the Nisqually, the Ingraham branch of the
Cowlitz, the Emmons, the Winthrop, the Ta-

homa and the Kautz." The Nisqually and the
Cowlitz glaciers and rivers recall two of the
prominent Indian tribes. The Ingraham, named
for Major E. S. Ingraham, and the Emmons,
named after Samuel F. Emmons. geologist and
mountaineer, are the largest, each measuring six
miles in length. The Emmons covers eight square
miles of ground and makes a continuous descent
from the summit to the base, the crater rim
having almost completely broken down under
its heavy snow cascades. Winthrop Glacier,
named for Theodore Winthrop, the travel writer,
is distinguished by its ice cascades and domes.

The Carbon, a great ice river on the north
side, over five miles long and one and a half
miles wide, is the third glacier in point of size,
heading in a walled-in amphitheater, set low in
the mountain's flank. This amphitheater is
technically known as a glacial cirque — a horse-
shoe-shaped basin hollowed out by the ice from
a deep gash in the volcano's side. 1 1 is the largest
of all these ice-sculptured cirques. An ice cave
usually forms at the point of exit of the Carbon
River. Other cirque glaciers are North Mowich
and South Mowich — named by the Indians for
the Mowich, or "deer," carved high on the rock
where all may see — also Puyallup and South
Tahoma.

Next come the interglaciers, which spread over
the backs of wedges or lava platforms and
generally are of considerable size. Occupying the
irregular platform of The Wedge behind Little
Tahoma — the highest outstanding eminence on
the flanks of the mountain, 11,117 feet — and
separating Ingraham from Emmons Glacier, is
Fryingpan Glacier, the largest in this class,
covering fully three square miles. Below, on the
north, lies Summerland, a region of flower-dotted
meadows drained by streams that feed Fryingpan

Broken ice fields of Nisqually Glacier, which is the source of the rushing Nisqually River and one of the six primary

glaciers which start at Columbia Crest

Page eleven

On the summit of Mount Rainier are three peaks — Columbia Crest. Liberty Cap and Peak Success. Thi* *
Page twelve

S ce,8 from Ricksecker Point. A thousand feet below this point flows the turbulent Nisqually River

Page thirteen

Creek. Whitman, Paradise, Russell, Edmunds,
Pyramid, Van Trump, Stevens, Williwakas, and
Ohanapecosh are other notable interglaciers.

Not to be overlooked is the original Interglacier,
so called by Major Ingraham and distinguished
by supplying the generic name for such ice fields,
lying on the back of The Wedge behind Steam-
boat Prow, which parts Emmons from Winthrop
Glacier. Van Trump and Stevens glaciers per-
petuate the names of P. B. Van Trump and
Hazard Stevens, who made the first successful
ascent in 1870. After waving the Stars and
Stripes from the top of the south peak they
christened that toweringsummit"Peak Success."

Finally, there are minor detached ice bodies,
each covering a square mile or more of ground,
mostly unnamed, and smaller ones which, in other
localities, would be considered of consequence.

All told, this ice-snow region, in the form of a
truncated cone, has a total glacial area of nearly
fifty square miles, from fifty to five hundred feet
in depth. It is the largest accessible single-peak
glacier system.

Paradise Glacier
A Field for Alpine Sports

As Paradise Glacier is the ice field easiest
reached, this shortened account of some of its
features, taken from "Mount Rainier and Its
Glaciers," by F. E. Matthews, of the United
States Geological Survey, cannot fail to interest.

"The generally smooth and united surface of
the Paradise Glacier contributes not a little to
its attractiveness as a field for Alpine sports.
The long slopes are particularly inviting for
the delightful 'glissades' which they afford.
Sitting down on the hard snow at the head of
such a slope one may indulge in an exhilarating
glide of amazing swiftness, landing at last safely
on the level snows beneath.

"One may roam at will without encountering a
single dangerous fissure. This general absence of
crevices is accounted for largely by the evenness
of the glacier's bed and by its hollow shape, owing
to which the snows on all sides press inward and
compact the mass in the center. In the early part
of summer, it has the appearance of a vast un-
broken snow field, blazing immaculate in the
sun. But later, as the fresh snows melt away from
its surface, grayish patches of old crystalline ice
develop in places. Day by day these patches
expand until, by the end of August, most of the
lower ice field has been stripped of its brilliant
mantle. Its countenance, once bright and serene,
now assumes a grim expression and becomes
criss-crossed by a thousand seams, like the visage
of an aged man.

"Over this roughened surface trickle countless
tiny rills which, uniting, form swift rivulets and
torrents, indeed veritable river systems on a
miniature scale, that testify with eloquence to
the rapidity with which the sun consumes the
snow.

"Strangely capricious in course are these
streamlets, for while in the main gravitating
with the glacier's slope, they are ever likely to be
caught and deflected by the numerous seams in
the ice. But, as the lowering sun withdraws its
heat, the melting gradually comes to a halt, and
the little streams cease to flow. The soft babbling

and gurgling and the often exquisitely melodious
tinkle of dripping water in hidden glacial wells
are hushed, and the silent frost proceeds to choke
up passage and channels, so that next day's
waters have to seek new avenues."

Nature's Luxuriant Flower Garden

Any account of Mount Rainier National Pa
would miss its loveliest feature without more th
a passing word of the wild flowers massed
benches and slopes, often reaching high up al
the edges of the glaciers, springing to life as t
ice melts, wherever there is any soil.

Paradise Valley, Van Trump Park, Indi
Henry's Hunting Ground, St. Andrews Par
Summerland, and Spray Park in midsummer
carpeted in marvelous blooms.

Let John Muir, the celebrated naturalist,
describe them: "Above the forests there is a
zone of the loveliest flowers, fifty miles in circ
and nearly two miles wide, so closely plan
and so luxurious that it seems as if Nature, gla
to make an open space between woods so dense
and ice so deep, was economizing the precious
ground and trying to see how many of her dar-
lings she can get together in one mountai
wreath — daisies, anemones, columbine, eryth
niums, larkspurs, and others, among which
wade waist-deep — the bright corollas in myriads
touching petal to petal. Altogether this is the
richest sub-Alpine garden I have ever found,
perfect flower elysium."

s a
:uit

i:3

Building Mount Rainier

The life history of the mountain has been
varied one. Like all volcanoes it has built up it
cone with the materials ejected by its o\
eruptions — cinders, bombs and flows of liqi
lava that have solidified into layers of
basaltic rock. At Nisqually Glacier these volcai
rocks are seen to overlie the granite foundatk
Once a symmetrical cone and still quite youi
as mountain history goes, it bears on its flai
deep scars of never-ending conflict between
forces of Nature. For centuries the grindii
glaciers have been working to level the immense
mass of lava and ash piled up in recent geological
time. They have accomplished only a small
of their task.

Professor Edwin J. Saunders, of the Chair
Geology, University of Washington, tells
"The building of the mountain probably
tended over many thousands of years. Numer
eruptions gradually built up around the crater
immense cone composed of many cubic miles
lava. Explosive eruptions gave rise to huj
volumes of ash, lapilli, bombs, pumice, and the
porous lavas one sees scattered for miles around
the crater. Quiet flows of lava radiating from the
crater served to bind together the loose materials
by bands and layers of solid lava rock. One can
almost imagine the rock just cooled from the
molten state, the slaggy. scoriaceous surface
representing the foaming surface of the lava
streams. Different types, as if from different
sources, are found about the slopes, and various
colors, due to difference in Nature and weathering,
break the otherwise monotonous appearance of
the lava surface. The exact limits of these flows
have not been carefully worked out, but the

Page fourteen

I .a

Page fifteen

PEAK Succe

/$J5OO FEET ORIG/HAL. HE:/ GMT or CONE.

CREST ELEVATION I4408FEET

EL.CVA TipN8OOOFt
INDIAN

Cross section to natural scale from Indian Henry's Hunting Ground through Success Cleaver,
Columbia Crest and the cleaver between Winthrop Glacier and Carbon Glacier to Moraine
Park. The dotted line indicates the original height before the explosion or eruptions ending in
the decapitation which shaped Mount Rainier as it appears to day.

diameter of the cone at its base is about twenty
miles. The inter-bedded lavas and loose ash
materials are well shown in the eroded walls of
The Wedge, Cathedral Rocks, Willis Wall,
Gibraltar, or any of the various remnants about
the surface of the glaciers.

"The angle at which these strata appear in the
different exposures, indicates a cone at one time
several thousand feet higher that the present
summit, and much more symmetrical. This is
shown very nicely in a cross section of the
mountain through the Success Cleaver, and the
cleaver below Willis Wall.

"After the cone was built and the crater
probably plugged up by cool, solid lava, it looks
as if a violent eruption had blown 2,000 to 3,000
feet off the top, and left an immense crater, or
platform, about three miles in diameter. Rem-
nants of the old crater and slopes are seen in
Peak Success, Liberty Cap, and Gibraltar.

"Later eruptions then built on this platform
two small craters, the first about 1,000 feet in
diameter, the rim of which has been partially
broken down, the most recent about 1 ,500 feet
in diameter, and still perfect. The rim of the
latter shows the snow which now almost fills it.
Steam and gas are issuing from crevices in the
floor and about the walls of this recent crater.
The heat is sufficient to melt large caverns in the

snow cap, thus furnishing a welcome protectu
from the strong cold winds for belated moui
taineers who stay overnight at the summit.

Miles of Mountain Trails, Through
Natural Parks and Upland Meadows

In recent years the trails have been extei
and new trails opened each season. The trai
system within the Park has now a length ex-
ceeding 1 50 miles. The mountain is encircled by
main trail, with side trails branching off to plac
of chief moment. The Park Superintendent
reports: "By making camp each night at certaii
designated points in the natural parks and uj
land meadows, one can travel on foot by tl
shortest route between camps, keeping abo>
timber line, and obtain magnificent views of th<
mountain and surrounding country from al
angles, affording one of the most interestir
scenic trips in all the world. The swing aroui
the grand circle can be made in seven days
averaging twenty miles a day. A month coul(
well be set apart for this never-to-be-forgott<
happiness."

Camping is in high favor among outdoor er
thusiasts and each year more of them plan
vacations with this end in view. Each seas
by the building of new trails and lengthenii
the old, more marvels are made accessible.

On the Indian Henry Trail — one of the favorite trails which forms the 150 miles of the Park trail system
Pago sixteen

KM?

'A V.,

& ra

•**'" <*

****%

* Vv>'

-j ' * i

^-- . w*<

1s *

*»»«•>.*>

Page leventeen

•ill

Dining Room, Paradise Inn

Paradise Inn

Of rustic construction appropriate to the envi-
ronment, equipped with every modern conven-
ience, heated and lighted by electricity from its
own plant, this Paradise Inn admirably fills all
wants. For the many who prefer to sleep in the
open, there are tents of approved and convenient
type, electrically lighted and heated and adequate-
ly furnished. A cordial welcome permeates the
homelike lounging room and the spacious dining
room, where good meals, well served, attract
the hungry whose appetites have been sharpened
by the mountain air.

Paradise Camp

Near the Inn, to the west, is the new Paradise
Camp, for the accommodation of those who like a
closer approach to actual camping conditions
than is. found in the luxurious hotel rooms and
bungalow tents. Commodious canvas wall tents
serve as sleeping quarters, and meals may be had
at the lunch pavilion. Those who think their
camping experience is not complete unless they
do their own cooking, may purchase groceries
at the pavilion and practice the culinary art over
large, open-air fires. All needed accessories may
be rented at moderate charges.

Accommodations in the Park

Most of the transportation, hotel, camp and
other concessions are under the control of the
Rainier National Park Company. Transportation
and hotel rates, and all prices for those under
such control, are regulated by the Department
of the Interior, which has charge of all the
national parks, and are not higher than prevail

Page eighteen

3t or in
xeeded.
here is
il side-

at summer resorts generally. All hotels
operated on the American plan, which includes
room and meals by the day. The rates are $4.25
to $5.00 a day for tent rooms, and $5.00 to $8.00
for hotel rooms, the higher prices being for rooms
with bath.

Guides, horses, and outfits are furnished by
the Rainier National Park Company to those
desiring to take short or long trail outings.
From Longmire Springs and Paradise Valley are
numerous enticing day outings, and some that
require but a few hours, made either on foot or in
saddle. In many instances no guide is ne
for the trails and by-paths are safe and thei
no danger of going astray. Favorite trail
trips out from Longmire Springs and Paradise
Valley are tabulated on pages 19 and 20, with
distances and points of interest. Saddle horses
may be had at Longmire Springs or Paradise
Valley at $3 . 50 a day. A competent guide and
horse is furnished without charge for parties of
five or more.

There are free public camping grounds at Van
Trump Park, Longmire Springs and Paradise
Valley which are growing in favor more each year.

To describe what is seen along the way on the
scheduled little journeys within Mount Rainier
National Park, would easily fill pages. Even
then the story would not be half told.

Nowhere on the globe is there such a variety
of views and such masses of wild flowers. All are
of one mind with Edward Frank Allen, who
exclaimed: "Read as much about it as you will,
see it pictured a thousand times, and believe all
the tales you hear of it, and on going there you
will find that it has been underrated."

Season

Points of Interest Reached

The 1919 season of Mount Rainier National

from Paradise Valley

Park extends from June 15th to September 15th

at Longmire Springs, and from July 1st to Sep-
tember 15th at Paradise Valley.

Nisqually Glacier..

\Y4. W

^argest glacier on south side
Mount Rainier.

Van Trump Glacier

2HNW

Small glacier west of Nisqually

How to Reach the Park

Glacier.

Kautz Glacier

3 W

Adjacent to and 1.000 feet

Mount Rainier National Park is connected

below Van Trump Park.

by automobile stages of the Rainier National

KautzPeak

5HN

Good view.

Park Company with Ashford, Wash., a railroad

Kautz Box Canyon

3HNW

Upper end of canyon near

station fifty-five miles from Tacoma, ninety-

Kautz Glacier.

three miles from Seattle and six miles from the

Bench Lake

I^SE

On lower bench overlooking

Stevens Canyon.

Pzirlc entrance.

Pinnacle Peak. . . .

25* SE

SharpPeakonTatoosh Range.

During summer season, round-trip excursion
tickets at reduced fares are sold at practically
all stations in the United States to Tacoma and

Stevens Peak
Unicorn Peak

3HSE
4JiSE

AteastendofTatoosh Range.

hlighest peak on Tatoosh
Range.

Seattle as destinations. Passengers holding

Ice Caves

IH NE

At lower end Paradise Glacier;

through excursion tickets to other destinations

largest ice caves in Park.

will find stop-over privileges available. From

Paradise Glacier. . .

IH NE

Source of Paradise River.

many stations in the Northwest, excursion

Stevens Glacier. . .

\*A NE

East lobe of Paradise Glacier.

tickets are sold through via Ashford to points

within Mount Rainier National Park.

Stevens Ice
Cascades

2NE

/Crevassed slope on Stevens
\ Glacier.

Fares from Tacoma and Seattle to points

Stevens Water

within the Park and return, via railroad to

Cascades

21A NE

At foot of Stevens Glacier.

Ashford, thence via automobile stages of the

Stevens Canyon.. .

2M NE

Below Stevens Glacier. One

Rainier National Park Company, are as follows:

mile long. 1.200 feet deep.

Fairy Falls

2% NE

At head of Stevens Canyon;

Round-Trip from

300 feet high.

Tacoma Seattle

Cowlitz Glacier. . .

3NE

Largest glacier on southeast

To Longmire Springs $5.55 $ 7.35

side of mountain.

To Nisqually Glacier 6.55 8.35

Cowlitz Peak

3H NE

View of surrounding glaciers.

To Paradise Valley 8.55 10.35

Cathedral Rocks. .

3H NE

Lofty spires on divide north

of Cowlitz Glacier

On the Van Trump Trail, from which many excellent views are obtained, and which leads to Van Trump Park, a Hower-

covered camping spot

Page- nineteen

Points of Interest Reached from Longmire Springs

Ramparts

\Yl W

Ridge north of NisquallyRiver.

Paradise Valley....

MHN

Park at base of Mount Rain

ier; excellent campin

Tahoma Glacier . . .

71^

Clear ice glacier from which

ground; elevation 5.00C

flows Tahoma Fork of

reached by auto.

Nisqually River.

Carter Falls

31^ NE

On Paradise River.

Christine Falls ....

4}^ N

On auto road to Paradise Park.

Comet Falls
Marie Falls

5 N

On Van Trump trail.
On road to Paradise Park.

Narada Falls

(Trail
|4|f NE
Road
Olx: Nip

Principal falls on Paradis
River, with sheer drop c
150 feet; elevation 4.572

Glacier

5 N

Near bridge crossing Nisqually
River on Government road.

(7/2 INC.

[Road
I3NE

High fall of Paradise Rive

Ricksecker Point.

6* N

Lofty point of road to Para-

Trail

(dii NE

| at head of Paradise Vallej

dise Park; elevation 4.221.

Paradise River and
Canyon

600 feet below auto road.

Pyramid Peak

8 N

Highest peak in India
Henry's Hunting Grounc

Road

easy to ascend; elevatio
6.940.

Ruby Falls

9% NE

Washington
Torrents

Trail
5 NE

(Road
10 NE
Trail

Upper cascades of Paradise
River a short distance
below Paradise Valley.

Mirror Lake
Eagle Peak

TYz N
3H E

Reflects Mount Rainier.

At west end of Tatoosh Range
good trail leads to ope
parks short distance below

Second Crossing

5MNE

elevation 5.961.

Paradise River.

Kautz River

2% N

Fast flowing river from Kaut

Washington

r^i i#»

Torrents

10 N

View of Paradise River;

Third Crossing
Paradise River.
Ruby Falls

Washington Torrents in
foreground.

View of river and Ruby Falls.

Mount Ararat

6% N

High hill in Indian Henry
Hunting Ground; petrifie
wood found here.

Inspiration Point. .
Horseshoe Bend. . .

10* N

9M N

First view of Paradise Valley.

High trestle overlooking Nar-
ada Falls.

Iron Mountain. . . .
Crystal Mountain

6M N

Twin mountains in India
Henry's Hunting Grounc
crystal ledges on CrysU
Mountain.

Paradise Inn

14 N

Hotel and camp located on
Theosophy Ridge. Paradise
Valley; Elevation 5.558.

_ '•

Reflection Lakes.. .

I^SW

On bench north of Pinnae]
Peak. Tatoosh Range.

==^==^=

U. S. Government Publications

The following publications may be obtained
from the Superintendent of Documents. Govern-
ment Printing office, Washington, D. C., at prices
given. Remittances should be by money order
or in cash.
Mount Rainier and Its Glaciers, by F. E. Matthes. 48

pages. 25 illustrations. 15 cents.
Features of the Flora of Mount Rainier National Park, by

J. B. Flett. 48 pages. 40 illustrations. 25 cents.
Forests of Mount Rainier National Park, by G. F. Allen.

32 pages. 27 illustrations. 20 cents.
Panoramic View of Mount Rainier National Park. 19 x 20

inches. 25 cents.
National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard. 260

pages. 270 illustrations, descriptive of nine National

Parks. Pamphlet edition. 35 cents; book edition. 55

cents.

The following may be obtained from the
director of the United States Geological Survey,
Washington. D. C.. at price given:
Map of Mount Rainier National Park. 22 x 23 inches. 10

cents.

The following publications may be obtained
free on written application to the director of the
National Park Service, Washington, D. C., or by
personal application to the office of the superin-
tendent at the entrance to the Park:

Circular of general information regarding Mount Rair

National Park.

Glimpses of our National Parks. 48 pages, illustrated.
Map showing location of National Parks and Natioi

Monuments and railroad routes thereto.

U. S. R. R. Administration Publications

The following publications may be obtain<
free on application to any Consolidated Tick*
Office; or apply to the Bureau of Service Nations
Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau
Western Lines, 646 Transportation Buildii
Chicago, 111.:

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies.

California for the Tourist.

Colorado and Utah Rockies.

Crater Lake National Park. Oregon.

Glacier National Park. Montana.

Grand Canyon National Park. Arizona.

Hawaii National Park, Hawaiian Islands.

Hot Springs National Park. Arkansas.

Mount Rainier National Park. Washington.

Northern Lakes — Wisconsin. Minnesota. Upper Micf

Iowa and Illinois.
Mesa Verde National Park. Colorado.
Pacific Northwest and Alaska.

Petrified Forest National Monument. Arizona.
Rocky Mountain National Park. Colorado.
Sequoia and General Grant National Parks. California.
Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming. Montana. Idaho.
Yosemite National Park. California.
/.ion National Monument. Utah.

Page twenty

P a & e twenty-one

TO\ENUMCLA W
R\R. STA.

TO FAIRFAX
/?. K. STA.

ARADi

ARADISE CAMP

RADISE VALLEY

Ohanapecos
Hot Spring

SEATTLE ftR.STAS.

MOUNT RAINIER
NATIONAL PARK

WASHINGTON

Scale

NATION
Asbford PARK

Page twenty-two

«<

f-*W

-•*. >;„

4§*"-e«

/*.«.,
'*W,

L*«£

"*««

"Bg

[**<

t S.;,

A D

/^0^_^ L"-""o ~^I~~( '' "-•-.._ ..jK'

fe^^T^L I^PsC^fe

*'-** o !.„„„„ *•—* ,.,\ *ir^K^'^V^

0^"j£l'«-r I ttl j <" r T- *•""•*"-:£ M£

pSSr^lr" fe j rffe :~$

: w v o „ /•WINB/.«O.>\ >l Wl»°«

«r«iii* $^

y--.. *"2di*, o^;1^

ol_i::?5%^fer--

l_J Hutinc." ""'I... _\ * * ' "^( I LLI NOI Sj

;t.Wph V*«;«» p,,,

sum.o ~^sr.°^V---^!i:'l*tVp<'iii'n*M

K _A N S A S I^SEteS.Jr

^)J^

»«rh.r.
.&i*i"«*

C s *"Geirs

THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

Tort WortH

*-tao

The National Parks at a glance

United States Rai Iroad Administration

Director General of Railroads

For particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc., apply to any Railroad Ticket Agent, or to any
of the following Consolidated Ticket Offices:

West

Austin. Tex 215 Congress Ave.
Beaumont. Tex. .Orleans and Pearl Sts.
Bremerton. Wash 224 Front St.
Butte. Mont 2 N. Main St.
Chicago. Ill 179 W. Jackson St.
Colorado Springs, Colo.
119 E. Pike's Peak Ave.
Dallas. Tex 112-114 Field St
Denver. Colo 60 1 1 7th St

Lincoln. Neb 104 N. 13th St.
Little Rock. Ark 202 W 2d St.
Long Beach, Cal.. . .L. A. &S. L. Station
Los Angeles, Cal. ... 221 S. Broadway
Milwaukee. Wis 99 Wisconsin St.
Minneapolis, Minn. .202 Sixth St. South
Oakland. Cal. ..13th St. and Broadway
Ocean Park. Cal ... Pacific Elec. Depot
Oklahoma City, Okla.
131 W. Grand Ave.
Omaha, Neb 1416 Dodge St.
Peoria. Ill . . .Jefferson and Liberty Sts.
Phoenix, Ariz.
Adams St. and Central Ave.
Portland, Ore. .3d and Washington Sts.
Pueblo. Colo 401-3 N. Union Ave.
St. Joseph. Mo 505 Francis St.
St. Louis. Mo. . . 318-328 N. Broadway

East

Detroit. Mich ... 13 W. LaFayette Ave.
Evansville, Ind. . . L. & N. R. R. Bldg
Grand Rapids. Mich 125 Pearl St.
Indianapolis, Ind..l 12-14 English Block
Montreal, Que 238 St. James St.
Newark. N. J .Clinton and Beaver Sts
New York. N. Y 64 Broadway
New York. N. Y 57 Chambers St.
New York. N. Y 31 W. 32d St.

South

Knoxville, Tenn 600 Gay St.

St. Paul, Minn. . .4th and Jackson Sts
Sacramento. Cal 801 K St'

Salt Lake City. Utah
Main and S. Temple Sts.
San Antonio, Texas
315-17 N. St. Mary's St.
San Diego. Cal 300 Broadway
San Francisco. Cal 50 Post St.
San Jose. Cal., 1st and San Fernando Sts.
Seattle. Wash 714-16 2d Ave.
Shreveport. La. .Milam and Market Sts.
Sioux City Iowa 5 10 4th St

Des Moines. Iowa 403 Walnut St.
Duluth, Minn 334 W. Superior St.
El Paso. Tex .... Mills and Oregon Sts.
Ft. Worth. Tex 702 Houston St.
Fresno. Cal J and Fresno Sts.
Galveston. Tex. .21st and Market Sts.
Helena. Mont 58 S. Main St.
Houston. Tex 904 Texas Ave.
Kansas City. Mo.
Ry. Ex. Bldg.. 7th and Walnut Sts.

Annapolis, Md 54 Maryland Ave.
Atlantic City. N. J. ..1301 Pacific Ave.
Baltimore. Md . . . B. & O. R. R. Bldg
Boston, Mass 67 Franklin St.
Brooklyn. N. Y 336 Fulton St.
Buffalo. N. Y .Main and Division Sts.
Cincinnati. Ohio. . .6th and Main Sts.
Cleveland. Ohio. . ..1004 Prospect Ave.
Columbus, Ohio 70 East Gay St.
Dayton, Ohio 19 S Ludlow St.

Spokane. Wash.
Davenport Hotel. 815 Sprague Ave.
Tacoma. Wash .... 1 1 1 7- 1 9 Pacific Ave.
Waco. Texas. . . .6th and Franklin Sts.
Whittier. Cal. . . .L. A. & S. L. Station
Winnipeg. Man 226 Portage Ave.

New York. N. Y II4W. 42d St.
Philadelphia. Pa. . ..1539 Chestnut St.
Pittsburgh, Pa Arcade Building
Reading, Pa 16 N. Fifth St.

Rochester, N. Y 20 State St.
Syracuse, N. Y 355 S. Warren St.
Toledo, Ohio 320 Madison Ave.
Washington. D. C. . . 1229 F St. N. W.
Williamsport. Pa. ... 4th and Pine Sts.
Wilmington Del 905 Market St

Asheville, N. C 14 S. Polk Square
Atlanta. Ga 74 Peachtree St.
Augusta. Ga 81 1 Broad St.
Birmingham, Ala 2010 1st Ave.
Charleston. S. C Charleston Hotel
Charlotte, N. C 22 S. Tryon St.
Chattanooga. Tenn 817 Market St.
Columbia. S. C Arcade Building
Jacksonville. Fla 38 W. Bay St.

Paducah Ky 430 Broadway

Pensacola. Fla San Carlos Hotel
Raleigh. N C 305 LaFayette St.
Richmond. Va 830 E. Main St.
Savannah. Ga 37 Bull St.

Louisville, Ky. . . .4th and Market Sts.
Lynchburg, Va 722 Main St.
Memphis. Tenn 60 N. Main St.
Mobile. Ala 51 S. Royal St.
Montgomery, Ala Exchange Hotel
Nashville, Tenn . . I ndependen t Life Bldg .
New Orleans, La. . . .St. Charles Hotel
Norfolk. Va Monticello Hotel

Sheffield Ala Sheffield Hotel

Tamoa. Fla Hillaboro Hotel
Vicksburg. Miss. .1319 Washington St.
Winston-Salem. N. C. .236 N. Main St.

For detailed information regarding National Parks and Monuments address Bureau of Service,
National Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau— Western Lines, 646 Transportation Bldg., Chicago

POOLE BROS.. CHICAGO

Season 1919

Page twenty-three

Narad* Fall*, in the Paradise River Canyon— beautiful fall* framed by overhanging ti

PETRIFIED FOREST

National Monument

I X. O

•\

UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION Mil

nwS

N AT I O N A

K. 'SERIES

Page two

Thousands of acres and millions of tons

An Appreciation of

The Petrified Forest of Arizona

By CHAS. F. LUMMIS

Author of "Some Strange Corners of Our Country," — "The Land of Poco Tiempo,"
"Pueblo Indian Folk Stories," etc.

Written hspccially for the United States Railroad Administration

"Full fathom five thy father lies;
Of his bones are coral made;
Those are pearls that were his eyes;

Nothing of him that doth fade,
But doth suffer a sea-change
Into something rich and strange."

— The Tempest.

SEQUOIA in California is the oldest creature alive. It
had measured a millennium when Christ walked the earth.
But "that's no time at all." Ten thousand ages before
the cedars bloomed on Lebanon, away out here in the
Wonderland of our own Southwest, the
"Wind, that grand old harper, smote
His thunder-harp of pines" —

identical pines that are with us to this day. Not, indeed, as they
were in that incalculable Past — for they have Put on Immortality,
and are this side of Resurrection. They lived their green millenniums,
and were laid to bed under the coverlet of a continent, to sleep ten
times as long as Parasite Man has crawled upon this globe. And
since, for as many aeons, the tireless moths of Erosion have been gnaw-
ing away their league-thick blankets, till at last they are bared again
to the Arizona sun — the most imperishable of earthly things, and of
fadeless beauty; a "Forest" in Glorified Stone, its very bark and
"rings" immortalized in agate.

Not as that classic Munchausen of the Grand Canyon, Cap'n John
Hance, loved to tell. "A forest of petrified trees, with petrified birds
flying through petrified air, singing petrified songs"-— but prostrate and
unmurmuring trunks upon a stark desert bed.

How great was once this grove of giant conifers and willow-kind,
no man will ever know — nor how much is still buried, where ancient
lava flows have pinned its sedimentary blankets down. Some 400,000
acres of it are uncovered — in extent and beauty the noblest petrified
forest in the world. Only the diamond is harder than its "wood;"
only the opal so rainbowed. Some cosmic cataclysm mowed it down,
orderly and at a scythe-swing. Not cyclone nor freshet — Noah's flood
turned against it could not have felled it so fair. It is no tangle of
windfall or flotsam. Swath by swath it fell, its lofty tops generally
to the south. Perhaps a far vaster earthquake than later split the
Mogollon plateau to the beginnings of the Grand Canyon was the agent.

Page three

Anyhow, before it could decay, the prostrate forest was submerged
beneath some gentle sea, whose boiling mineral springs and slow-
building sediments "pickled" it forever, under the inconceivable
pressure of two vertical miles of strata — even as we pygmies today
creosote piles and railroad ties under the inverse thrust of a vacuum.
As agate to pine for hardness, as aeons to weeks for duration, as gems
to mud for beauty — so was God's "pickling" to ours.

As unhurried of the Ages, this submerged half-continent was then
exalted from three miles below its miracle-working sea to three miles
above it — so evenly that its stratum blankets were hardly rumpled;
and the patient Weather began its task. Grain by slow grain, the
sandstones resolved to sand again, and found their way to be laid
down under later seas to form some future continent. Upon these
one-time tropics had crept the Age of Ice; and crept back toward the
Pole: and had been forgotten. As dwindling snow lets down a twig
imperceptibly, so when their stone coverlet— "9000 ft. thick on the
average" (Drake), had melted to Erosion, the great fossil logs sank
with their sinking shales and clays. They are still a mile above the
sea. In their subsidence they have broken their backbones squarely,
almost into vertebrae ; few sections are 20 feet long — though some trees
were once 240 feet tall (and still so measure upon the ground) and nine
feet diameter. A 150-foot log, the "petrified bridge," spans a ravine
between rock piers. The glittering "chips," like fossil butterflies, pave
hundreds of square miles, and were "the first money in America."
Ages before Columbus, these chips of agate and chalcedony were
prized by the First Americans — to make the best arrowheads and
"knives" that primitive man ever fashioned. Prehistoric Indian
pueblos, whose ruins we explore today on surviving cliffs 500 feet
above, controlled this aboriginal "hardware shop," and bartered its
bright spalls a thousand miles either way, for the guacamayo plumes
of Yucatan to the bison hides of the Plains, and the shells of the
California Gulf.

> In our own day we have sometimes sawed these logs (with the only
harder substance, diamond-dust) into 36-inch table-tops, at $2500
each ; but it is too costly to polish commercially. One company tried
grinding it for emery. Hundreds of these "gem" logs have been
dynamited to get the crystals in hollow cores. I have a piece not
three inches across; with a quartz heart, and on one side half-inch
crystals of amethyst, and on the other their mates in smoky topaz.
But in 1906 the Petrified Forest was made a National Monument and
saved from the "civilized savage." The railroad traversed it in 1882;
and it is now easy of access. North is the Black Forest, some of
whose great stumps still stand erect, their futile roots bedded in the
wasting clays. The Southwest Museum in Los Angeles has the unique
terminal bud of one of those giant Sagillarias. South are the Rainbow,
the Crystal, the Blue and other "forests" of the Forest — second only
to the Grand Canyon as a chief
wonder of the Southwestern
Wonderland.

Page four

To the American People:

Secretary of the Interior

Petrified Forest National Monument

|O subject is of deeper in-
terest, to educator and casual
tourist alike, than the history
of the earth on which we live,
and the wonders thereof.
Particularly that portion which we call
America.

The earth itself — our own land — how
did it first awake? In the descriptions
that follow you will find a brief account of
the earth-making process as revealed to
us by a study of the Petrified Forest of
Arizona in the light of modern scientific
research.

In this wonderful region you will find
beneath turquoise skies pillars and bridges
of agate and chalcedony and every road-
way strewn with gems that might adorn
the palaces of Golconda or the temples of
Ormus.

Long ere the pithecanthropus ex-
changed his arboreal dwelling for a cave,
or Noah and his family fled from a bank-
rupt world — even ere Adam was — forests
were growing in Arizona. In the course
of ages some cosmic catastrophe struck
them down and over them swept an in-
land sea, whose sediments subsequently

buried them a mile or more deep. Dur-
ing these long geologic periods, the subtle
alchemy of Nature perfected its trans-
mutation. Riven and fractured, the
ancient logs were again brought upward,
and after years of erosion they were once
more "living" under the brilliant Arizona
skies — not as they once lived, but in a
glowing permanent form. They are there
today, the most brilliant aggregation of
jewels on the globe. There are agates,
chalcedony, jasper, onyx and opals not
by the handful, but by the ton.

And these beautiful mosaics lie in the
open air, scattered over thousands of
acres, on the great Southwestern Plateau,
with its colorful deserts, its lofty extinct
volcanoes whose iridescent hues are re-
born and die each day under the magic of
the sunlight, with its vast lava fields, its
fascinating ruins of a prehistoric people
and its equally interesting pueblos of
their descendants.

The building of the railroad first
brought into prominence this wonderful
natural phenomena. Many scientists
visited the region and made reports to
the authorities in Washington, from time

Page five

A natural bridge of agatized wood

to time. Even as late as 1906, a new
forest, the North Sigillaria, was dis-
covered by John Muir, the noted Cali-
fornia naturalist.

The following letter was written in
1899 by the acting Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institute, in response to an
inquiry:

"The region in Apache County, Ari-
zona, known as the 'Petrified Forest,'
'Chalcedony Park,' and 'Lithodendron
(stone trees) Valley,' is of great interest
because of the abundance of its beautiful
petrified coniferous trees, as well as for
its scenic features. The trees lie scattered
about in great profusion, but none stand
erect in their original place of growth, as
do many in the Yellowstone National
Park. The National Museum possesses
three splendid trunks, collected there at
the request of General Sherman."

A good account of this locality by Mr.
Geo. F. Kunz, is in part as follows:

"Among the great American wonders
is the silicified forest known as Chal-
cedony Park, (now Petrified Forest Na-
tional Monument), in Apache County,

Page six

Arizona. There is every evidence that
the trees grew beside some inland sea.
After falling they became water-logged,
and during decomposition the cell struc-
ture of the wood was entirely replaced
by silica from sandstone in the walls
surrounding this great sea."

"Over the entire area, trees lie scattered
in all conceivable positions and in frag-
ments of all sizes, the broken sections
sometimes resembling a pile of cart
wheels. A phenomenon perhaps un-
paralleled, and the most remarkable fea-
ture of the park, is a natural bridge,
formed by a tree of agatized wood
spanning a canyon 60 feet in width. In
addition to this span, fully fifty feet of
the tree rests on one side making a
visible length of over 100 feet."

Dr. Walter Hough, of the Smithsonian
Institute, writes as follows:

"In the celebrated Petrified Forest,
Arizona, there are ruins of several
Indian Villages. These villages are
small, in some cases have merely a few
houses, but what gives them peculiar
interest is that they are built of logs of

beautiful fossil wood. The prehistoric
dwellers of the land selected cylinders of
uniform size, which were seemingly de-
termined by the carrying strength of a
man (or several men). It is probable
that prehistoric builders never chose
more beautiful stones for their habita-
tions, than the trunks of these trees
which flourished ages before man ap-
peared on earth."

"This wood agate also furnished ma-
terial for stone hammers, arrowheads and
knives, which are often found in ruins
hundreds of miles from the forest. The
'wood agate,' or 'wood opal' is now cut
and polished into floor tiling, mantels,
clock cases, table tops, etc. The silver
testimonial to the French sculptor Bar-
tholdi, made by Tiffany & Co., had for
its base a section of this wood agate."

As a result of the scientific investiga-
tions and reports, the growing interest of
the public, and to end the depredations
of vandals, activity in Congress led at
length to the passage of the Act of June
8, 1906, entitled "An Act for the Preser-
vation of American Antiquities," and to

President Roosevelt's proclamation of
December 8, 1906, which, under the name
of The Petrified Forest National Monu-
ment, placed the forest under the pro-
tection of the Government for the
perpetual enjoyment of the people.
Area, 25,625 acres.

But let us turn to the detailed descrip-
tion of one who has made a careful,
scientific study of the region.

The following is from the report of
Prof. Lester F. Ward, Paleontologist,
U. S. Geological Survey:

"These Petrified Forests may be prop-
erly classed among the natural wonders
of America, and every reasonable effort
should be made not only to preserve them
from destructive influences but also to
make their existence and true character
known to the people."

"Some of the most important consider-
ations that may be urged in favor of the
importance of this region compared with
other petrified forests rest upon its
geological relations. It is much more
ancient than those of the Yellowstone
National Park, of certain parts of Wyo-

-«;wvM^->: P\ .

'.J**X** •'"' ^^* -f Jf r* -*qgr ^ .

The plain is cut into innumerable ridges, buttes and mesas

Page seven

eijht

ming, and of the Calistoga deposits in
California. The difference in their an-
tiquity is many millions of years. There
is no other petrified forest in which the
wood assumes so many varied colors, and
it is these that present the chief attrac-
tion for the general public. The state of
mineralization in which much of this wood
exists almost places them among the
gems of precious stones. Not only are
chalcedony, opals, and agates found
among them, but many approach the
condition of jasper and onyx. The
degree of hardness attained by them is
such that they are said to make an
excellent quality of emery."

"This region consists of the ruins of a
former plain having an altitude above
sea level of 5,700 feet. This plain has
undergone extensive erosion to a maxi-
mum depth of nearly 700 feet, and is cut
into innumerable ridges, buttes, and
small mesas, with valleys, gorges, and
gulches between. The strata consist of
alternating beds of clays, sandstone
shales, and massive sandstones. The
clays are purple, white and blue, the

purple predominating, the white and
blue forming bands of different thickness
between the others, giving to the cliffs a
lively and pleasing effect. The sand-
stones are chiefly of a reddish brown color.
The mesas are formed by the resistance
of the massive sandstone layers — of
which there are several at different
horizons — to erosive agencies, and vary
in size from mere capstones of small
buttes to tables several miles in extent,
stretching to the east and to the north-
west."

"The petrified logs are countless at all
horizons and lie in the greatest profusion
on the knolls, buttes, and spurs, and in
the ravines and gulches, while the ground
seems to be everywhere studded with
gems, consisting of broken fragments of
all shapes and sizes and exhibiting all
the colors of the rainbow. When we
remember that this special area is several
square miles in extent some idea can be
formed of the enormous quantity of this
material that it contains."

"The petrified logs do not occur in the
same abundance throughout. They are

A tree in the Second Forest

Page nine

massed or collected together in groups
or heaps at certain points, and may be
altogether absent at others. From their
great abundance in the above described
section, it must be inferred that the
stratum which holds them was especially
rich, and the trunks must have lain in
heaps upon one another."

"Perhaps the most prominent of all
the scenic features of the region is the
well known Natural Bridge, consisting
of a great petrified trunk of jasper and
agate, lying across a canyon 60 feet wide
and 20 feet deep, and forming a foot-
bridge over which anyone may easily
pass. The Natural Bridge, therefore,
possesses the added interest of being in
place, which can be said of very few of
the other petrified logs of this region."

A Description of the Forests'
Divisions

The First Forest, noted for its bright colors,
is distant about six miles from Adamana (alti-
tude 5,277 feet). It is easily reached in an hour
and a half. The journey may be made in a
leisurely fashion, starting late in the morning
and returning at dusk, with an hour enroute for
inspection of the Hieroglyphic Rocks and Aztec

Ruins, and plenty of time to see the Second
Forest, too. The chief object of interest is the
Natural Log Bridge, which is mentioned else-
where. The Eagle's Nest, Snow Lady and
Dewey's Cannon are in this locality.

The Second Forest is two and one-half miles
due south of the first one, the trip requiring
thirty minutes each way. It contains about
two thousand acres. The trees are mostly intact,
large and many of them highly colored. The
Twin Sisters are an interesting sight here.

The Third Forest covers a greater area than
the others. It lies thirteen miles southwest of
Adamana and eighteen miles southeast of Hoi-
brook. There are several hundred whole trees,
some of them more than two hundred feet long.
The colors are very striking, comprising every
tint of the rainbow and therefore the local
name of Rainbow Forest is very appropriate.

The Blue Forest (smallest of the five), located
seven miles east of Adamana, is one of the two
districts discovered by John Muir. It is noted
for the blue tints of its trees.

The North Sigillaria Forest, a new "find", is
nine miles north from Adamana, and contains
many finely preserved specimens of the carbon-
iferous period — some of the stumps still standing
where they grew. It is located on the bottom
and sides of a shallow canyon, with buttes and
mesas of different colored clays and rocks. One
fallen monarch is 147 feet long. A wide view of
the Painted Desert may be had here and on the

Petrified tree in a stratum of sandstone

P a 6 e ten

^^•WA'1
\\ ' f

•P

Page eleven

Scene in Third Forest
Page twelve

Huge tree in North Forest

Overlooking North Forest and
The Painted Desert

PETRIFIED FOREST
NATIONAL MONUMENT

ARIZONA

Scale

"a"a '. ..^•'•:v-";;-::-,. ...^>:::=:v

Roads
.Trails
_ ,^_ Boundary
Railroad

TO
HOLBRGC

._,...

/ ,; £2
. tr*\

' FOREST/-'

FORE<

Collecting Groui

CoprrUht by Rand MoNally 4 Co. 7310

Page thirteen

way out an Indian ruin is passed. The round
trip to either of the two last named Forests
requires about four hours time, though if one is
in a hurry, all the Forests except the Third may
be visited by auto in a day's time.

Only the First, Second and Third Forests are
included in the Petrified Forest National Monu-
ment.

Cost of Trips and Hotel
Accommodations

Except the small hotel, railway station and
store, there are few buildings at Adamana.
Mr. Wm. Nelson has charge of the hotel and
livery accommodations. The hotel has sanitary
plumbing, with hot and cold water. Board and
lodging may be had at $3.00 per day American
plan; thirty-five guests can be accommodated;
in summer, tents also are provided for guests.

The round- trip fare to the First and Second
Forests and Natural Bridge is $5.00 for one
person, $3.00 per capita for two persons, and
$2.50 per capita for three or more.

To the Third, Blue or North Sigillaria Forests
and Painted Desert the fare is same as to the
First and Second Forests.

One of the most interesting trips from Adam-
ana is northeast to Wide Ruins (Kin-Tiel), a
Navajo trading post, built among the ruins of an
Aztec village. On the way you pass Pinta,
Inscription Rock, a bit of the Painted Desert
and Tanner Springs, a big cattle and sheep
ranch on the Navajo reservation. It is about
three hours and a half by auto; $30.00 round
trip for four persons or less. If desired, this
trip may be continued farther north through
the Navajo country. Notice in advance to
Mr. Wm. Nelson at Adamana, Arizona, owner of
livery, will insure proper handling of parties.

Mr. Nelson also equips camping parties for
the Hopi and Navajo Indian Reservations, and
for a few days' trip into the Painted Desert.

Holbrook, the county seat town, has satis-
factory hotel accommodations, with prices about
the same as at Adamana.

The Petrified Forest may be visited any day
in the year, except when high waters make the
streams temporarily impassable.

Stop-Over Arrangements

Stop-overs are allowed at Adamana, not to
exceed ten days, on all one-way tickets, also on
round-trip tickets within their limits.

Stop-overs are also allowed on Pullman
tickets.

To obtain stop-overs on one-way tickets,
notify train conductor and deposit tickets with
agent immediately after arrival; on round-trip
tickets notify train conductor.

Park Administration

Petrified Forest National Monument is under
the jurisdiction of the Director, National Park
Service, Department of the Interior, Washing-
ton, D. C. The Monument Custodian is located
at Adamana, Arizona.

U. S. Government Publications

The following publications may be obtained
free on written application to the Director of
the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

Glimpses of our National Parks. 48 pages,
illustrated.

Map of National Parks and National Monu-
ments. Shows location of all the national
parks and monuments, and railroad routes
these reservations.

ned

The following publication may be obtai
from the Superintendent of Documents, Govern-
ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at
price given. Remittances should be by money
order or in cash.

By Robert
itions.

The National Parks Portfolio.

Sterling Yard. 260 pages, 270 illustratic
Pamphlet edition, 35 cents; book edition, 55
cents. Contains nine sections, each descriptive
of national park.

U. S. R. R. Administration
Publications

The following publications may be obtai
free on application to any consolidated tic!
office; or apply to the Bureau of Service, Nati<
Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureai
Western Lines, 646 Transportation Build)
Chicago, 111.

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies
California for the Tourist
Colorado and Utah Rockies
Crater Lake National Park, Oregon
Glacier National Park, Montana
Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
Hawaii National Park, Hawaiian Islands
Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas
Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado
Mount Rainier National Park, Washington
Northern Lakes — Wisconsin, Minnesota, Upj

Michigan, Iowa and Illinois.
Pacific Northwest and Alaska
Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona
Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
Sequoia and General Grant National Pai

California
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming,

tana. Idaho

Yosemite National Park, California
Zion National Monument, Utah

Page fourteen

v&oj

••o».

•'£:»*•

»„". -«.*,

»./ • t

SL *"4rc»

Mne

0 N

"**«

>o V"**;.
/*M.o,

"^88

N A D A

— | J\

-L** °."^. \ v~-v
•^$3S* W&xriu „*

>^Ta ?bfe?
0*Cj

, -

I PARK>

HflHAU

The National Parks at a Glan

United States Railroad Administration

Director General of Railroads

For particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc., apply to any Railroad Ticket Agent, or to any
of the following Consolidated Ticket Offices:

West

Lincoln. Neb 104 N. 13th St.

Little Rock. Ark 202 W. 2d St.

Long Beach. Cal . . L. A. «c S. L. Station
Los Angeles. Cal. . . .215 S. Broadway

Milwaukee. Wis 99 Wisconsin St.

Minneapolis. Minn.. 202 Sixth St. South

Beaumont, Tex.. Orleans and Pearl Sts.

Bremerton. Wash 224 Front St.

Butte. Mont 2N. Main St.

Chicago. Ill 175 W. Jackson Blvd.

Colorado Springs. Colo.

1 19 E. Pike's Peak Ave.

Dallas. Tex 112-114 Field St.

Denver. Colo 601 17th St.

Des Moines. Iowa 403 Walnut St.

Duluth. Minn 334 W. Superior St.

El Paso. Ten: Mills and Oregon Sts.

Ft. Worth. Tex 702 Houston St.

Fresno. Cal J and Fresno Sts.

Galveston. Tex. .21st and Market Sts.

Helena. Mont 58 S. Main St.

Houston. Tex 904 Texas Ave.

Kansas City. Mo.

Ry. Ex. Bldg.. 7th and Walnut Sts.

Annapolis. Md 54 Maryland Ave.

Atlantic City. N. J.. 1301 Pacific Ave.

Baltimore. Md B. & O. R. R. Bldg.

Boston. Mass 67 Franklin St.

Brooklyn. N. Y 336 Fulton St.

Buffalo. N. Y. .Main and Division Sts.
Cincinnati, Ohio. . .6th and Main Sts.

Cleveland. Ohio 1004 Prospect Ave.

Columbus. Ohio 70 East Gay St.

Dayton. Ohio 19 S. Ludlow St.

Asheville. N. C 14 S. Polk Square

Atlanta. Ga 74 Peachtree St.

Augusta. Ga 811 Broad St.

Birmingham. Ala 2010 1st Ave.

Charleston. S. C Charleston Hotel

Charlotte. N. C 22 S. Tryon St.

Chattanooga. Tenn 817 Market St.

Columbia. S. C Arcade Building

Jacksonville. Fla 38 W. Bay St.

No,

Oakland. Cal. . . 13th St. and Broadway

Ocean Park. Cal 160 Pier Ave.

Oklahoma City. Okla.

131 W. Grand Ave.

Omaha. Neb 1416 Dodge St.

Peoria. III. . .Jefferson and Liberty Sts.
Phoenix, Ariz.

Adams St. and Central Ave.
Portland. Ore. .3d and Washington Sts.

Pueblo. Colo 401-3 N. Union Ave.

St. Joseph. Mo 505 Francis St.

St. Louis, Mo.

318-328 North Broadway

East

Detroit. Mich ... 13 W. LaFayette Ave.
Evansville. Ind ... L. & N. R. R. Bldg.

Grand Rapids. Mich 125 Pearl St.

Indianapolis. Ind.. I 12-14 English Block
Newark, N. J., Clinton and Beaver Sts.

New York. N. Y 64 Broadway

New York. N. Y 57 Chambers St.

New York. N. Y 31 W. 32dSt.

New York. N. Y 1 14 W. 42d St.

South

Knoxville. Tenn 600 Gay St.

Lexington, Ky Union Station

Louisville. Ky. . . .4th and Market Sts.

Lynchburg. Va 722 Main St.

Memphis. Tenn 60 N. Main St.

Mobile, Ala 51 S. Royal St.

Montgomery, Ala Exchange Hotel

Nashville, Tenn. Independent Life Bldg.
.St. Charles Hotel

St. Paul. Minn. . .4th and Jackson Sts.
Sacramento. Cal ........... 801 K St.

Salt Lake City. Utah

Main and S. Temple Sts.
San Antonio. Tex.

3 1 5-1 7 N. St. Mary's St.

San Diego, Cal

300 Broadway

San Francisco, Cal.

Lick Bldg.. Post St. and Lick Place
San Jose, Cal.. I at and San Fernando Sts.
Seattle. Wash . . ...... .714-16 2d Ave.

Shreveport, La., Milam and Market Sts.
Sioux City, Iowa ......... 510 4th St.

Spokane, Wash.

Davenport Hotel, 815 Sprague Ave.
Tacoma, Wash. ..1117-19 Pacific Ave.
Waco. Tex ...... 6th and Franklin Sts.

Whittier. Cal. . . .L. A. & S. L. Station

Winnipeg, Man ...... 226 Portage Ave.

Philadelphia. Pa. ... 1539 Chestnut St.

Pittsburgh, Pa Arcade Building

Reading. Pa 16 N. Fifth St.

Rochester. N. Y 20 State St.

Syracuse. N. Y 355 So. Warren St.

Toledo, Ohio 320 Madison Ave.

Washington. D. C. . . 1229 F St. N. W.

Williamsport. Pa 4th and Pine Sts.

Wilmington. Del 905 Market St.

Paducah. Ky 430 Broadway

Pensacola, Fla San Carlos Hotel

Raleigh. N. C 305 LaFayette St.

Richmond. Va 830 E. Main St.

Savannah. Ga 37 Bull St.

Sheffield. Ala Sheffield Hotel

Tampa, Fla Hillsboro Hotel

Vicksburg. Miss. .1319 Washington St.
Winston-Salem. N. C.. 236 N. Main St.

New Orleans. La

folk. Va Monticello Hotel

For detailed information regarding National Parks and Monuments address Bureau of Service, National Parks and
Monuments, or Travel Bureau — Western Lines, 646 Transportation Building, Chicago.

SEASON. 1919 PRESS OF W. J. HARTMAN CO.. CHICAGO Page fifteen

'And in the fullness of the ages the immortal Forest came back to the sunlight, where once its
myriad leaves danced and breathed a mortal air."

dniininiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiHiiniiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiHiiiiiiHiiHimiiiiHmiiiHiiiumiimi,

ROCKY MOUNTAIN

National Park

D O

•*,

UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION IBM

N AT I O N A L

The Village of Estes Park nettles in a quiet little valley, surrounded by mountain*
Pa A • two

An Appreciation of

Rocky Mountain National Park

By ENDS A. MILLS.
Author of "Wild Life on the Rockies." "The Rocky Mountain Wonderland." etc.

Written Especially for the United States Railroad Administration

Rocky Mountain National Park is a marvelous grouping of gentle-
ness and grandeur; an eloquent, wordless hymn, sung in silent, poetic
pictures; a wilderness mountain world of groves and grass plots, crags
and canyons, rounded lakes with shadow-matted shores that rest in
peace within the purple forest. There are wild flowers of every color, and many
a silken meadow edged with ferns. Brokenness and beauty, terrace upon terrace,
a magnificent hanging wild garden.

Over these terraces waters rush and pour. From ice-sculptured, snow-piled
peaks, young and eager streams leap in white cascades between crowding cliffs
and pines.

Through this wildness winds the trail, with its secrets of the centuries, where
adventures come and go and where the magic camp fire blossoms in the night.

In these primeval scenes the grizzly bear gives to the wilderness its master spell;
the mountain ram poses on the cliff; the laughing, varied voice of the coyote echoes
when the afterglow falls; the home-loving beaver builds his willow-fringed hut; the
birds sing; the cheerful chipmunk frolics and never grows up; and here the world
stays young.

The Rocky Mountain National Park holds adventure for every visitor. In it
the world is new and wild, and on the imagination it produces the explorer's stirring
joys. Its mile-high, unfenced scenes give freedom — splendid landscapes of the
ideal world.

Here for everyone are health and hope, efficiency and joy.

Not a wild animal in this or any national park is ferocious.

Strong is the friendliness of nature. With it everyone has a place in the sun.
Her privileges are for each and all. Nature is universal, and here the stranger makes
intimate acquaintances. Prejudice ceases. Each is at his best. In this greatest
wilderness meeting place the East and the West understand and become friends.
Travel unites people.

Into this Park through the years will pour a continuous procession of peoples
to mingle and form an international conference of friends. Here flags of nations
and national boundary lines are forgotten. Kinship is the spirit of Nature.

Page t h f 9 9

To the American People:

Secretary of the Interior

Rocky Mountain National Park

MAGINE a giant hand with
the base of the palm as
Estes Park Village and the

^^ fingers extending westward

toward the Divide, the
fingers roughly representing the moun-
tain spurs, moraines and peaks given off
from the main range, and the spaces be-
tween, the intermediate canyons, with
their many streams, which converge at
the village to form the Big Thompson
River; imagine another but smaller hand
to the south reaching into the park from
the east towards Long's Peak and the
peaks to the south, the streams from this
watershed forming the St. Vrain River;
then imagine the finger tips merging into
the Continental Divide, each as a living
glacier — and there you will have the
Park's topography.

Then clothe the canyons in garments
of evergreen forest and the glades with
the quaking aspen, floor the rocky
gorges with sky-blue lakes and hang
their walls with tumbling waterfalls,
carpet all the open spaces — from above
timber line down to the broad spreading
meadows where the rivers merrily sing
their way — with a huge army *f brilliant

P *t • four

LA Oil

•

hued wild flowers; then people t
Arcadia plentifully with the wild li
whose natural home it is — the finne
furred and feathered — the wily trou
the beaver and the mountain sheep (t
mention only a few) ; and lastly spread
over all a turquoise blue sky with a dry,
crystal atmosphere, shot through with
brilliant sunshine, and you will have an
idea of what Rocky Mountain National
Park really is.

The attendance figures are increasi
each year far beyond the most enthusi
tic prophesies. Even though it is on
of our newest national parks, it annually
entertains more visitors than any of the
other national parks.

When it is considered that the vaca-
tionist is whisked from Chicago or St.
Louis to Denver, then set at the foot of
one of the mightiest mountains of the
Rockies' main range in about a day and
a half of actual travel, it is realized how
much of a public benefit was conferred
when Congress in 1915 set aside this,
the easternmost of our western national
playgrounds.

Not only is this national park the
composite of all that is fairest, m

Auto highway through the Big Thompson Canyon. The approaches to the Park axe of untiring interest to the
visitor, and the roads a constant delight to the motorist

P a 6« f iv 9

awe-inspiring and climatically ideal in
the Rocky Mountain region, but it is
not far from the geographical center of
the country, and is the most easily
reached by a large number of people of
all our national parks.

This region of endless wonder and
fascination is only seventy miles from
Denver by auto all the way, or by
rail to several different gateways, thence
auto for about twenty-five or forty
miles — not a long, tiring, monotonous
ride through an uninteresting country,
but instead it is a motor trip that ranks
among the finest in Colorado. Follow-
ing the rushing waters of the Big Thomp-
son or the St. Vrain, over hard-surfaced
roads, through deep canyons, wonderful
in their coloring, the big, roomy, power-
ful automobiles take the grade with such
ease that one hardly realizes that he is
climbing rapidly. Enraptured by the
intensely interesting scenes, the traveler
is all too suddenly aware of his journey's
end, when the magnificent panorama of
Estes Park Village and Rocky Mountain
National Park unexpectedly bursts into
view. Soon he is eating dinner at one
of the large hotels, or at a small ranch
hotel, or in a modestly appointed cot-
tage, as choice may dictate. A feature
of the Park is its adaptability; one may
rest and recreate amid most entrancing
surroundings, with a range of accommo-
dations from the elaborate furnishings
and service of the large city hostelry to
the simplicity of the secluded log cabin
or the outpost tent cottage. In short,
life may be lived here in a manner to suit
the taste and the purse of the individual.
He may rough it or enjoy the con-
veniences and luxuries of the city. The
tired business man who just wants to
"loaf" amid incomparable grandeur;
the active, outdoor young American;
the geologist, who is studying moraines
and glaciers, and the botanist, all will
find life enjoyable here.

Another noteworthy feature is that
special outfitting is unnecessary; no
unusual preparation need precede the
journey to the Park. The Park itself
provides the entertainment. Any sup-
plies considered essential can be secured
at Estes Park Village, or at any one
of the several Park gateway cities.

Rocky Mountain National Park ex-
tends approximately twenty-five miles

north and south, and fifteen miles east
and west, embracing about 400 square
miles of territory.

From the northwest corner to the
middle of its southern boundary the
snow-capped giants forming the Conti-
nental Divide rear their grim, rocky
crests in an irregular line which forms
the backbone of this Park and is its
commanding feature, ever present, ever
changing, and ever awe-inspiring. Here
are fifty-one peaks with summits more
than 10,000 feet high, also unnumbered
canyons, about 200 lakes, many un-
named, waterfalls, glaciers, native forests
and wild flowers. Exceptionally rugged
and out-of-the-way places appeal espe-
cially to the explorer.

There is probably no mountain range
more majestic than the main range of
the Rockies as seen from almost any
part of the Park, and one of the most
striking features is the accessibility of
these mountain tops. One may mount
a horse after early breakfast in the val-
ley, ride up Flattop to enjoy one of the
great views of the world, and be back for
late luncheon; or cross the Continental
Divide from the hotels of one side to t
hotels of the other side of the Park,
tween early breakfast and late dinner.

From early dawn, with its delicate
tints of rose and amethyst, to later
afternoon, with its golden sunshine and
lengthening purple shadows, the range
presents an ever-changing panoram
On a peak, perhaps, settles momentaril
a gray snow-cloud; in yonder canyo
breaks a brief-lived shower, sunshot wit
silvery rain as it quickly clears awa
while over all, the fleece flecked sa
phire sky and dazzling sunlight hoi
sway. At midday, all Nature rests a
in its brighter light the range seems
cower and grow small, only to reasse
itself in full power and majesty as da
ends with a sunset of such splendor
only the Rockies may boast.

It is in its nearer and more intima
aspects, however, that the exquisit
beauties of the Park reveal themselves.
In the lower levels are widespread undu-
lating meadows, dotted with evergreens
and interspersed with the hills anc
ridges which thrust themselves forwa
in all directions from the main range
the west, and from the lesser range
the east, which completes its encircli

P ft 4 « SIT

Chasm Gorge is one of the Park's wonder spots — Long's Peak in the distance

protection. Thus diversified, the land-
scape becomes a scenic kaleidoscope, no
matter how short a distance one may
wander. This constitutes not the least
of the Park's many charms.

Unless the visitor deliberately chooses
to do otherwise, he will find his foot-
steps leading unconsciously to the
heights, and as he climbs and gets his
first wonderful views of the surrounding
country his desire to scale the more
lofty crests grows in proportion as
he ascends, until finally he becomes
obsessed with a desire to climb that
noble mountain of the rampart range,
Long's Peak, from whose summit the
whole world seems to lie at one's feet.
But he who is mountain- wise will
not make such an attainment an
end in itself, or he will have missed
entirely the many pleasures which lie by
the way on every hand. Here a bab-
bling stream with a bed of wild flowers
hidden among the trees upon its bank;
or along its smoother stretches an in-
dustrious beaver colony. There a grove
of quivering aspen. On one hand a
splashing waterfall, seeming to burst
from the cool shadows of the mountain
side to drop forty or fifty feet to the pool
below; on the other hand, an open forest
of ancient cedars, or perhaps one of
those exquisitely blue, forest-circled

mountain lakes, carrying upon its bosom,
even in midsummer, the ice which here
has its permanent home.

And below, the silvery, trout-filled
streams wind their tortuous course,
while rising from the rocky fastnesses
above, may now and then be glimpsed
the snowy peaks.

And these are not imaginary pictures,
but real scenes which may be found in
the uplands almost anywhere through-
out the Park.

An Invigorating Climate

The climate of Rocky Mountain
National Park needs no extensive de-
scription. Due to the altitude, which
varies from 7,500 to 14,255 feet, the air
is light, very dry, and has a wonderfully
stimulating effect, especially upon those
accustomed to the lower levels. The
sunshine is genial, warm, bright and
almost constant during the summer
months. Very rarely is there a rainy
"spell, "or, in fact, a single day during
which the sun does not show itself for
awhile, the occasional afternoon showers
being of short duration. The sunshine
may be hot at midday, but always there
is a cool spot in the shade. And
though one may freely perspire when
indulging in vigorous play or work in
the sun, yet it is without discomfort,

P -» g e seven

P a tf « eight

Picnicking on the thoro* of L«k« Nanita

because of the instant evaporation of
moisture, due to the dryness of the
atmosphere. The nights are cool, often
even cold; blankets always are welcome
and sound sleep is the rule.

The deep breathing, which one culti-
vates naturally in this rarefied atmos-
phere, sends the blood coursing through
the body with new life and energy,
bringing rosy cheeks and bright eyes and
a new interest in life. One may have
come intent on idleness, but, with that
splendid feeling of well being and pure
joy in living which the first few days
bring, comes a longing for action, and
soon one is in the full swing of some out-
door recreation. It is indeed quite true
that the Park climate is so beneficial,
both physically and mentally, that this
alone offers sufficient inducement for
spending a vacation in this region.

Recreation Amid Inspiring and
Healthful Surroundings

What to do may be briefly summed up:
Motoring, horseback riding, walking,
mountain climbing, fishing and camera
shooting for the actively inclined; and
for all, the enjoyment of the many
wonderful scenes with their changing
lights and shadows and the health-
giving mountain air. Tennis, golf, cro-
quet, etc., are attractions at some of the
resorts. Horseback riding, hiking and
mountain climbing, however, are the
favorite pastimes because of the splendid
roads and trails which lead in every
direction over the rolling meadows,
through the canyons, along the sunlit
streams — even to the apparently inac-
cessible heights.

Automobile roads gridiron the lower
levels and reach the hotel resorts. This
is not remarkable, as the natural sur-
faces are smooth; suitable road material
is everywhere, and good roads are easily
made. Traveling leisurely, so as to
fully enjoy the rare pleasures by the way,
the sightseer still may traverse all the
motor roads of the Park in a few days,
although a favorite plan is to make one-
day picnic trips, going as far as possible
in a given direction by motor and spend-
ing the remainder of the day in climbing
and exploring the upper wilds which are
reached only by trail. Even though a
different trip is planned for every day,
weeks may be profitably spent in this

way. Automobiles may be rented at
reasonable rates in the village.

Horseback riding is pre-eminently the
most popular sport m the Park, due to
the number and variety of rides that are
possible. For, with good trails leading
in every direction, and the almost count-
less attractions, the visitor may ride
day after day and week after week and
yet never take the same ride or visit the
same destinations twice.

Almost everybody rides — the young,
the old, the middle-aged; and all derive
lasting benefits. Good saddle horses
may be obtained at the various liveries
and at all the outlying resorts. They
are well broken and reliable, and
accustomed even to the most difficult
mountain trails.

Most of the streams in the Park and
many of the lakes are well supplied with
native and rainbow trout, and the fisher-
man will here find ample reward for his
skill and patience, especially in the Big
Thompson River and its tributaries. A
local fish hatchery annually supplies the
streams of the Park with millions of trout,
thus insuring the upkeep of the supply.

There are golf courses. Worthy of
particular mention is the 18-hole course
of the Estes Park Country Club, adja-
cent to the village. Club house and
course are available to the public. The
Stanley hotel has a course laid out in
the meadowlands skirting the Big
Thompson River.

The winters in the Park are not severe;
generally the snowfall is not heavy on the
lower levels. Back in the mountains
where the snowfall is heavy, but within
easy reach of Estes Village, conditions
are ideal for winter sports. Two ski
courses and two toboggan slides have
been completed, and several of the
resorts arrange accommodations for a
limited number of winter parties.

The Park in Detail

Although having only a small per-
manent population, Estes Park Village
is well supplied with stores, schools,
churches, garages, liveries, etc., and is
always prepared to meet the needs of
the summer visitor. The village is
picturesquely situated among a cluster
of hills rising about 1 ,200 feet on all
sides, at the confluence of the Big
Thompson and Fall Rivers.

Patfe nine

Lake Mills is one of the beautiful lakes in the wild Loch Vale section of the Park

In Estes Park Village are the Hupp,
Josephine and Estes Park hotels, the
Brown Tea Pot Inn and Prospect Inn,
while the Lewiston overlooks the village
from a rocky eminence just to the north.
Outside, to the east, and adjacent to its
golf course and the Big Thompson
meadow, is the largest hotel, the Stanley,
while a short distance to the west on the
Fall River is Elkhorn Lodge. To the
south, near the Big Thompson River
and within plain view of the village, is
the Crags. A short distance below and
to the west, on the banks of the river,
is the Big Thompson hotel.

Five miles northeast from the village
of Estes is the fascinating region sur-
rounding Lester hotel. One of the
best of the longer horseback trips from
this point is to Hallett Glacier. Another is
that to Lost and Husted Lakes at the foot
of the Mummy Range, a spur extending
northeast of the Continental Divide with
numerous peaks rising over 13,000 feet.

The remainder of Rocky Mountain
National Park falls into a series of topo-
graphical divisions or districts, begin-
ning at the north with the picturesque
diversity of Horseshoe Park, and ending
with that wild confusion of precipices
and lakes known as the Wild Basin,
south of Long's Peak and east of the
Continental Divide.

Horseshoe Park (seven miles up tl
Fall River road) and its immedial
surroundings form a rare combinatic
of flower-carpeted meadows, forest-cl«
mountains, streams and waterfalls,
are Horseshoe Inn and Fall River Lodge
Horseshoe Park is the point of departui
for two of the most interesting trips-
to Lawn and Crystal Lakes and Hallet
Glacier in the Mummy Range; also the
main trail across the Continental Divide
to the Grand River. On the shore of
Lawn Lake is the Lawn Lake Lodge.

Long's Peak Inn, the Columbines and
Hewes-Kirkwood Inn, nine miles south
of Estes Park Village, are starting points
for the trail to the summit of Long's
Peak. Horses may be used as far as
Timberline Cabin at the edge of Boulder
Field, from where the most difficult part
of the ascent, extending about two
miles, is made on foot. After crossing
the huge boulders of Boulder Field,
comes the climb through the Keyhole, a
curious opening which separates the
east and west slopes, and through which
a glorious view of Glacier Gorge and the
country beyond is obtained. Long's
Peak summit is reached at an elevation
of 1 4,255 feet. This is the giant peak of
the entire Rocky Mountain National
Park, and from it is spread out in all
directions a jumbled confusion of peaks,

Page ten

gorges, moraines, lakes, distant valleys
and snow-capped ranges, forming a
series of views of unsurpassed sublimity.

Long's Peak Inn is the home of Enos
A. Mills, the well known author, natur-
alist, and interpreter of the outdoors,
with special reference to its flowers,
forests, rocks, bird and animal life.
Mr. Mills first established himself at
the base of Long's Peak in 1884.

On the road from Long's Peak resorts
to the village is Lily Lake hotel, at-
tractively situated on Lily Lake. One-
half mile from Lily Lake, on the main
road to the village, is Baldpate Inn.
Nearer the village is Rockdale hotel,
near Mary Lake.

To the south of Long's Peak is the
Wild Basin country, noted for its many
lakes and waterfalls, wild gorges and
rocky peaks, most of the latter more than
13,000 feet high. This district may be
best reached from the Long's Peak
resorts or from Copeland Lodge on
Copeland Lake or from National Park
Hotel in Allen's Park Village.

Moraine Park, from five to six miles
southwest of Estes Park Village, is the
open valley of the Big Thompson, with
an extensive glacial moraine to the
south. Here are located Stead's, Mo-
raine Lodge and the Brinwood.

Fern Lodge, on Fern Lake, and Forest
Inn at the Pool may well be made the

headquarters for such trips as lead into
the more remote parts of this heart of
the wilderness.

^ By many, the Loch Vale and Glacier
Gorge sections, just northwest of Long's
Peak and known as the Wild Gardens,
are considered the surpassing scenic
section of Rocky Mountain National
Park. Sprague's hotel in Bartholf Park
is the nearest resort to this region. A
day's trip from here is west to Loch Vale
Lake and across to Andrew's Glacier
and up to the Continental Divide.

Bierstadt, Bear and Dream Lakes are
all charming spots, most easily reached
from Sprague's or Moraine Park. On the
shore of Bear Lake is Bear Lake Lodge.

Y. M. C. A. Camp and School

An important feature of the Park is
the Annual Conference and Summer
School of the Young Men's Christian
Association. Established almost ten
years ago, it has grown to be a very
important institution, with an invest-
ment of over $100,000 in grounds, per-
manent buildings and equipment, in-
cluding gymnasium, assembly hall, din-
ing room, class rooms, tennis courts,
baseball diamond and athletic field.
The conference and school bring a large
number of visitors to the park and many
speakers of national reputation.

Hallett's Glacier — an amphitheatre of snow and ice

Page eleven

ROCKY MOUNTAIN

affords an opportunity
of outdoor recreation
motoring, boating, h«:
golf and tennis vie w

twelve

UC, COLORADO—

of a wide diversity
roundings. Fishing,
mountain climbing,
or popularity.

P » & e thirteen

f^afesAp^

'°>./^VC i r-£

"^?r^

Main Roads
Trails
. Other Trails

Page f o u r t

Classic pines and waters. Grand Lake — western entrance to the Park

Beautiful Grand Lake Region

Grand Lake is the western gateway to
the Rocky Mountain National Park.
It is reached by rail from Denver to
Granby, thence by stage. Grand Lake is
situated in the valley of the North Fork
of Grand River, and is the largest lakein
the vicinity of the Park, and here each
year is held a regatta for a Lipton cup.
It is the center of a growing cottage
and hotel population, and is destined to
become a place of much importance upon
the completion of the Fall River motor
road, which will connect the east and
west sides of the Park.

An excellent road encircles the lake,
and from it trails penetrate the wilder-
ness to various points and over the
Continental Divide.
^ The two trails from the summit of
Flattop Mountain to Grand Lake and
that from Fall River Canyon to the
North Fork of the Grand River at Camp
Wheeler ("Squeaky" Bob's Resort) offer
trips of unusual interest.

Living Glaciers

Among the most widely known glaciers
that still remain in the Park are Hallett,
Tyndall, Andrews and Sprague's.

One of the remarkable features of
Rocky Mountain National Park is the

legibility of the record left by the glaciers
during the ages when America was in
the making. The evidences of glacial
action in all its variety are apparent
to even the most casual eye. In fact,
there is scarcely any part of the eastern
side of the park where some great
moraine is not in evidence. One enor-
mous moraine, built up by ancient
parallel glaciers and rising with sloping
sides nearly a thousand feet above the
surrounding valley, is so prominent that
a region of the Park is named for it.

The Park itself is a primer of glacial
geology, whose lessons are so simple, so
plain to the eye, that they immediately
disclose the key to one of Nature's chief
scenic secrets.

Animals, Birds and Wild Flowers

Rocky Mountain National Park is a
natural home for bear, deer, Rocky
Mountain sheep, beaver and other wild
animals, as well as numerous species of
birds. Under government regulations
the wild animal life in the Park is fully
protected.

The bighorn or Rocky Mountain
sheep, with their curious circling horns,
are seen in increasing numbers every
year, and frequently they may be ap-
proached sufficiently near to photo-

P a g e fifteen

Camping at Bear Lake

graph. To see them jumping from
crag to crag, graceful and agile, or
dropping off a sheer precipice, is a sight
long to be remembered. They congre-
gate during the summer months on
Specimen Mountain, where they often
may be seen from the trail.

The beaver are increasing rapidly, and
their industrious colonies may be found
along the quieter reaches of the streams,
bordered by groves of white trunked
quaking aspen, whose tender bark con-
stitutes the beavers' principal food.
The beaver themselves are seldom seen,
except as reward for the greatest
patience, but well engineered dams and
snug dome-shaped homes are the sure
evidence of their presence.

There are more than 1 50 elk in the
Park, and they are frequently seen.
Deer are increasing and are occasion-
ally seen. Bear and mountain lions
rarely are visible. There are many
woodchucks and squirrels; it is easy to
make friends of the chipmunks.

There are more than a hundred species
of birds to be seen in the Park. Among
them are the robin, bluebird, wren,
hermit thrush, humming bird, white-
crowned sparrow and that marvelous
singer, the solitaire. The ouzel, Rocky
Mountain jays, chickadee, the wood-

pecker and the magpie are all-year
dwellers. The ptarmigan and the rosy
finch are prominent residents in the
heights above timber line.

Among the wild flowers of the Park
are more than a thousand species,
including the fringed blue and several
other gentians; the numerous colum-
bines, blooming at the lower leve
in June and on the heights in Septe
ber; mertensia, phlox, primroses, M
posa lilies, daisies and larkspurs; Indi
paint brush, ranging from dark crim
through all the shades to a white; aste
marigolds and many others. Many
flowers grow above timber line — in fact,
almost everywhere — and the Alpi
buttercup pushes its blooms up throu
the melting snowdrifts.

The tree growths consist principal
of Douglas spruce, lodge pole and yell
pine and aspen, while up near tim
line are found the Englemann spru
limber pine, cedar, Arctic willow a
black birch.

Timber Line, with Its Dwarfed ai
Twisted Trees

Timber line occurs at about 1 1
feet altitude. Here the low win!
temperatures and the fierce icy win<
make it impossible for trees to grow t'<

and occasionally a great spruce lies flat
on the ground like a vine; presently trees
give place to low birches, which in their
turn are succeeded by small piney
growths, and finally come the straggling
grasses, hardy mosses and tiny Alpine
flowers. Grass grows in sheltered spots,
even on the highest peaks, which is
fortunate for the mountain sheep seeking
these high, open places to escape their
special enemies, the mountain lions.

The sights above timber line never
lose their charm, however often seen.

Ice Cold Lakes and Flowered Gorges

A distinctive feature of the Park is its
great number of precipice-walled can-
yons, lying between the very feet of the
loftiest mountains. Their beauty is
romantic. Like all the other spectacles
of this favored region, they are readily
accessible from the valley by trail,
either afoot or on horseback.

Almost invariably lakes are found in
these gorges, rock embedded, and ice
cold streams wander from lake to lake,
watering wild flower gardens.

By Auto or Trail to Cloudland and Back
Automobile roads radiate in almost every
direction from the village of Estes Park. The
most popular trips are the Fall River Drive, the
High Line Drive and Long's Peak Inn Drive.

Trails to less accessible points are for use of
the foot traveler and the horseback rider.

Among the popular trails are those to Flattop
Mountain, Fall River, Trail Ridge. Iceberg Lake,
Poudre Lakes and Milner Pass, Lawn Lake. Wild
Gardens, Fern and Odessa Lakes, Bear Lake,
romantic Loch Vale, Glacier Gorge, to Long's
Peak and to Wild Basin and across the range to
Grand Lake.

Camps and Camping Grounds

Several permanent hotel camps are located
within the borders of the Park, and camping
grounds have been provided for those who
choose to travel with their own camping outfit.

Personally Conducted Saddle and Pack
Trips off the Beaten Paths

A most enjoyable way of seeing the Park is
to join an all-expense horseback camping party,
conducted by experienced guides, authorized by
the Government to personally escort such
excursions.

For the names and addresses of the licensees
and other information concerning these "Rough-
ing-it-in-Comfort" trips, apply to National Park
Service, Department of the Interior, Washington,
D. C., or Bureau of Service, National Parks and
Monuments; or Travel Bureau — Western Lines,
646 Transportation Building, Chicago, 111.

Information within the Park

Information concerning trail trips, camping
grounds, etc., may be obtained from the Super-
intendent of Rocky Mountain National Park,
whose office is conveniently situated in the
village of Estes Park.

When to Visit the Park

The season is May 1 to November 1 , but the
Park is accessible throughout the year, each
season having its particular attractions. Sum-

Horseback riding in the mountains is always an exhilarating sport

P a 6 e eevonteen

The Fall River Road Drive, part of the automobile highway across the Continental Divide (now under construe-

tion) — one of the most popular auto road* in the Park
Page eighteen

mer is of course recommended to the vacationist,
but he who waits until autumn has tinted the
foliage and perhaps added a light covering of
fresh snow enjoys views of beauty reserved
especially for the late comer. The many winter
sports equally appeal to those interested.

How to Reach the Park

The Rocky Mountain Parks Transportation
Company maintains an excellent motor service
via three routes into EstesPark Village: The Big
Thompson Canyon route, the St. Vrain River
route and the Allen's Park route.

From Loveland and Ft. Collins the traveler
approaches via the Big Thompson Canyon
route. The road winds quietly across the
plains, through the foothills and enters suddenly
into the rocky canyon which towers hundreds of
feet above either side of the Big Thompson
River. For miles it climbs through the gor-
geous canyon, twisting and turning as it crosses
and recrosses and follows the rock-hewn banks
of this turbulent stream, until, rounding the last
turn, it leaves the canyon as suddenly as it
entered, and the smiling expanse of Estes Park
bursts upon the view, with the panorama of the
snow crowned Continental Divide as an en-
circling background. Two miles across the
wide-spreading flower dotted meadow, and the
village of Estes Park is reached.

From Longmont and Lyons the route
follows the St. Vrain River. After leaving its
course along the shaded St. Vrain River the
road leads toward the foothills through a rugged
country. Backward and forth across sparkling
stream and sunlit canyon, tortuously winding
and twisting, the way is ever upward, mile after
mile until finally the car pauses at the crest of
Park Hill (elevation 8,500 feet), from which a
spectacular scene of peaks and valley greets the
eye. A short ride downward over a level
stretch, than comes the welcome hospitality
of Estes Park Village.

The Allen's Pa-k Auto Road parallels the
Continental Divide for twenty-eight miles.
This is a "cross-country" route on top of the
mountains, with a wide expanse of views of the
range from Long's Peak on the north to James'
Peak on the south.

Each of the several approaches to the Park
has its own peculiar scenic charms, and the
traveler is wise who enters via one gateway and
departs by another.

Denver, Ft. Collins, Longmont, Loveland,
Lyons and Ward are the eastern railroad gate-
ways to the Park.

Travelers have the choice of using auto all the
way from Denver or rail to any of the other gate-
ways named, thence auto to Estes Park Village.

Arrangements may be made to go in one way
and out another.

The west side of the Park may be reached from
Denver by rail to Granby; from Granby stages
run to Grand Lake.

Summer Excursion Fares

During the summer season round-trip excur-
sion tickets at reduced fares are sold to Rocky
Mountain National Park as a destination. Pas-
sengers visiting the Park as a side-trip in con-
nection with a journey to other destinations will

find stopover privileges available on round-trip
and one-way tickets.

The fare from Denver via automobile all the
way in both directions, or from Denver via rail-
road to Lyons, Fort Collins, Longmont, Love-
land or Ward, thence automobile to Estes Park,
is $10.00, round trip. The round trip fare via
automobile from Lyons, Fort Collins, Long-
mont, Loveland or Ward to Estes Park is $8.00.

From many sections trips may be planned to
include visits to two or more of the following
national parks in the Rocky Mountain region:
Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde, Yellowstone,
Glacier.

Auto Trips within the Park

The Rocky Mountain Parks Transportation
Company conducts the following sight-seeing
trips from Estes Park Village into the National
Park. The charges for the principal trips are:
Fall River Road drive, approximately

26 miles $3.50

Fall River Road and High drive, approxi-
mately 30 miles 4.00

Long's Peak Inn or High drive, 20 miles. . . 2.50
Special arrangements may be made with the
transportation company for touring cars to any
point in the Park. There are 125 miles of
secnic auto highways within the Park.

Miscellaneous

CLOTHING. One should bring along warm
clothing, sweaters, light overcoats or wraps.
stout low-heeled shoes for climbing, and "slick-
ers" as a protection from sudden showers.

HORSES may be engaged at the liveries in the
village, and at almost all the resorts; prices
range from $3.00 per day to $12.50 or $15.00
per week. Pack horses, $2.50 per day.

MAIL. Postoffices are located at Estes Park,
Long's Peak, Moraine Park, Drake, Allen's
Park and Grand Lake.

TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH. Long distance
telephone service at all resorts; telegraph service
at Estes Park Village.

AUTOMOBILES. May be rented at the princi-
pal garages in the village, and cars are also
obtainable at some of the resorts.

GUIDES. One should not attempt the ascent
of any of the higher peaks, a visit to the glaciers
or a long trip over unfamiliar trails without a
guide. Competent guides may be obtained at
from $5.00 to $10.00 a day.

OUTFITS. Fishing tackle, golf clubs, tennis
rackets, cameras and khaki riding outfits may
be purchased in Estes Park Village.

BAGGAGE. The Rocky Mountain Parks
Transportation Company carries hand baggage,
not to exceed 20 pounds per passenger, free;
other baggage, $1.25 per hundred pounds.
Hand baggage carried at owner's risk only.
Baggage may be checked direct to Estes Park,
Colo., but charge of $1.25 per hundred pounds
will be collected at Estes Park for auto trans-
portation of baggage from the railroad terminals.
Passengers using autos from Denver will be
charged $1 .75 per hundred pounds.

The following books pertaining to Rocky
Mountain National Park attractions will be
found very interesting:

"The National Parks." 1919— Yard $2.50

"The Grizzly" — Mills fOO

"The Story of Estes Park"— Mill. 1.00

Page

n e t e e n

A view of Taylor Glacier at upper end of Loch Vale

Page twenty

'Beaver World"— Mill. $1.75

'Spell of the Rockies"— Mills 1.75

'Rocky Mountain Wonderland"— Mills 1.75

'Handbook of Birds of the Western U. S."

Bailey 3.00

'Rocky Mountain Flowers" — Clements 3.00

'Our National Parks" — Muir 1 .75

'Saddle and Camp in the Rockies"— Wallace . ... 1.75

'Old Indian Trails"— Schaffer 2.00

'Highways and Byways of the Rocky Mountains"

—Johnson 1.50

'Guide to the National Parks of America"—

Allen 1.00

'History of the Birds of Colorado"— Schlater 5.00

'The Mammals of Colorado"— Warren 2.00

'Your National Parks"— Mills 2.50

'Out Where the West Begins"— Chapman 1.25

U. S. Government Publications

The following publications may be obtained
from the Superintendent of Documents, Govern-
ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at
prices given. Remittances should be by money
order or in cash.

"The Geologic Story of Rocky Mountain National Park,"
by Willis T. Lee; 89 pages. 45 plates. 30 cents.

"Mountaineering in the Rocky Mountain National Park."
by Roger W. Toll; 48 illustrations. 2 maps.

"Panoramic View of Reeky Mountain National Park";
14 by 17^2 inches. 25 cents.

"National Parks Portfolio." by Robert Sterling Yard;
260 pages. 270 illustrations, descriptive of nine
national parks. Pamphlet edition, 35 cents; book
edition, 55 cents.

The following may be obtained from the Direc-
tor of the United States Geological Survey,
Washington, D. C., at price given.

Map of Long's Peak Quadrangle, which includes the
greater portions of the Rocky Mountain National
Park; \3l/2 by 17^ inches. 10 cents.

The following publications may be obtained
free on written application to the Director of
the National Park Service. Washington, D. C..
or by personal application at the office of the
Superintendent of the Park.

Circular of General Information regarding Rocky

Mountain National Park.

Glimpses of Our National Parks; 48 pages, illustrated.
Map showing location of National Parks and National

Monuments and railroad routes thereto.

U. S. R. R. Administration Publications

The following publications may be obtained
free on application to any consolidated ticket
office; or apply to the Bureau of Service, National
Parks and Monuments; or Travel Bureau -
Western Lines, 646 Transportation Building.
Chicago, Illinois:

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies.

California for the Tourist.

Colorado and Utah Rockies.

Crater Lake National Park. Oregon.

Glacier National Park, Montana.

Grand Canyon National Park. Arizona.

Hawaii National Park, Hawaiian Islands. '

Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas.

Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado.

Mount Rainier National Park, Washington.

Northern Lakes — Wisconsin, Minnesota, Upper Michi-
gan, Iowa and Illinois.

Pacific Northwest and Alaska.

Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona.

Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado.

Sequoia and General Grant National Parks, California.

Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming. Montana. Idaho.

Yosemite National Park, California.

Zion National Monument, Utah.

It is not unusual to find flowers and snow fields in close proximity

P « £ « t'w en t y - o n

Rocky Mountain sheep are often seen by Park visitors

The Following are the Principal Hotels, with Capacity, Manager
and Rates for Room and Board.

NOTE — The rates given are published for the information of the public, but th« United States Railr
Administration assumes no responsibility for their correctness.

NAME

MANAGER

Postoffice Address
(Colorado)

Capacity

Rates Per Week

Baldpate Inn

Address Manager
A. E Brown

Estes Park
Estes Park

20
40

$28.00
20 00

Estes Park

250

$28 00 to 35 00

The Brinwood

C. L. Reed & Sons

Moraine Park... .
Estes Park

75
60

17.50 to 30.00
3 50 to 6 00 (Day)

Camp Wheeler. . .

3 00 (Day)

16 00 to 33 00

Copeland Lodge

Allen's Park

18.00 to 20.00

Joe Mills

Estes Park

150

21 00 to 45 00

Estes Park

250

2 1 00 to 40 00

Estes Park Hotel . . .
Fall River Lodge

A. D. Lewis
D J March

Estes Park
Estes Park

50
50

15.00 to 25.00
16 00 to 35 00

F. W. Byerly .

20.00

F D Tecker

20 00

Hewes-Kirkwood

C. E. Hewes

18.00 to 25.00

Horseihoe Inn
Hupp Hotel
Josephine Hotel

Bradley & Patrick
Address Manager
A. D. Lewis

Estes Park
Estes Park
Estes Park

100
75
40
40

16.00 to 30.00
16.00 to 20.00
15.00 to 25.00
2 50 (Day)

Grand Lake

2 00 (Day)

Lawn Lake Lodge

Bradley Sc Patrick

Estes Park
Grand Lake

15
25

3.25 (Day)
2 00 (Day) . . .

Lesters Hotel

Address Manager

Estes Park

100

16.00 to 22.00

A D Lewis

Estes Park

22 50 to 40.00

Enos A Mills

150

2 1 00 to 49 00

Mrs W. D McPherson

1600 to 30.00

Narwata Hotel

Grand Lake

2 50 (Day)

National Park Hotel

Allen's Park

15.00 to 18.00

Prospect Inn
Rapids Lodge. . .

Address Manager
Address Manager

Estes Park
Grand Lake .

30
50

2.00 to 2.50 (Day)
2.50 (Day)

Rockdale ...

Estes Park

15.00 to 22.00

Sprague's Lodge
Stanley Hotel
Steads Ranch and Hotel
Timberline Cabin . .

A. E. Sprague
Address Manager
Address Manager
Enos A. Mills

Estes Park
Estes Park
Moraine Park. . .
Lonar's Ptak

50
300
200

18.00 to 21.00
28.00 to 84.00
16.00 to 21.00
4.25 (Day)

Furnished cottages may be rented from C. H, Bond. Estes Park. Colo., and Hayden Bros.. Estes Park. Colo.,
at from $15.00 per week to $1.000.00 for the season. Mrs. C. R. Berger. Estes Park. Colo., has a number of cottage*
and tent houses at McCrecry's Ranch, furnished for light housekeeping, for rent at $75.00 to $135.00 for the

Page twenty-two

seasoo

The National Parks at a glance

United States Railroad Administration

Director General of Railroads

For particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc., apply to any Railroad Ticket Agent, or to any
of the following Consolidated Ticket Offices:

West

Beaumont, Tex. .Orleans and Pearl Sts.

Bremerton, Wash 224 Front St.

Butte, Mont 2 N. Main St.

Chicago, 111 1 75 W. Jackson Blvd.

Colorado Springs, Colo.

119 E. Pike's Peak Ave.

Dallas, Tex 1 12-1 14 Field St.

Denver. Colo 601 I 7th St.

Des Moines. Iowa 403 Walnut St.

Duluth. Minn 334 W. Superior St.

El Paso. Tex Mills and Oregon Sts.

702 Houston St.

. . . .J and Fresno Sts.

.21st and Market Sts.
. .585. Main St.

Ft. Worth. Tex
Fresno, Cal . . .
Galveston, Tex
Helena, Mont. . . .
Houston. Tex ....
Kansas City, Mo.

Ry. Ex. Bldg.. 7th and Walnut Sts.

. 904 Texas Ave.

Lincoln, Nab 104 N. 13th St.

Little Rock. Ark 202 W. 2d St.

Long Beach. Cal.. . .L.A.& S.L. Station

Los Angeles. Cal 215 S. Broadway

Milwaukee. Wis 99 Wisconsin St.

Minneapolis, Minn. 202 Sixth St. .South
Oakland. Cal. . 13th St. and Broadway

Ocean Park, Cal 160 Pier Ave.

Oklahoma City. Okla. 1 3 1 W. Grand Ave.

Omaha. N^b 1416 Dodge St.

Peoria. 111.. .Jefferson and Liberty Sts.
Phoenix, Ariz.

Adams St. and Central Ave.
Portland. Ore. . 3d and Washington Sts.

St. Paul, Minn.. .4th and Jackson Sts.

Sacramento, Cal 801 K St.

Salt Lake City. Utah.

Main and S. Temple St3.
San Antonio. Texas.

3 1 5- 1 7 N. St. Mary's St.

San Diego. Cal 300 Broadway

San Francisco. Cal.

Lick Bldg.. Post St. and Lick Place
San Jose. Cal. I st and San Fernando Sts.

Seattle. Wash 714-16 2d Ave.

Shreveport, La.Milam and Market Sts.

Sioux City. Iowa 510 4th St.

Spokane. Wash.

Davenport Hotel, 815 Sprague Ave.
Tacoma. Wash. . . I I I /-1 9 Pacific Ave.
Waco, Texas. . . .6th and Franklin Sts.
Whittier. Cal.. . . L. A. & S. L. Station
Winnipeg, Man 226 Portage Ave.

Annapolis. Md 54 Maryland Ave.

Atlantic City. N. J. . . 1301 Pacific Ave.
Baltimore, Md . . . B. & O. R. R. Bldg.

Boston. Mass 67 Franklin St.

Brooklyn. N. Y 336 Fulton St.

Buffalo. N. Y..Main and Division Sts.
Cincinnati, Ohio. . .6th and Main Sts.
Cleveland, Ohio. . . . 1004 Prospect Ave.

Columbus. Ohio 70 East Gay St.

Dayton, Ohio 19 S. Ludlow St.

Philadelphia. Pa. ...1539 Chestnut St.
Pittsburgh, Pa Arcade Building

Pueblo, Colo 401-3 N. Union Ave

St Joseph, Mo 505 Francis St.

St. Louis. Mo.. . .318-328 N. Broadway

East

Detroit. Mich. . . I 3 W. LaFayette Ave.
Evansville. Ind.. .L. «c N. R. R. Bldg.

Grand Rapids. Mich 125 Pearl St. Reading. Pa 16 N. Fifth St.

Indianapolis. Ind.l 12-14 English Block Rochester. N. Y 20 State St.

Newark, N. J.Clinton and Beaver Sts. Syracuse, N. Y University Block

New York N. Y 64 Broadway Toledo. Ohio 320 Madison Ave.

New York' N. Y 57 Chambers St. Washington. D. C. . . . 1 229 F St.. N. W.

New York' NY 31 W. 32d St. Williamsport. Pa 4th and Pine Sts.

New York! N! Y I 1 4 W. 42d St. Wilmington. Del 905 Market St.

South

Asheville, N. C 14 S. Polk Square Knoxville. Tenn 600 Gay St. Paducah, Ky 430 Broadway

Atlanta. Ga 74 Peachtree St. Lexington. Ky Union Station Pensacola. Fla San Carlos Hotel

Augusta. Ga 811 Broad St. Louisville, Ky. . . . .4th and Market Sts.

Birmingham, Ala 2010 1st Ave. Lynchburg, Va. . 722 Main St.

Charleston. S. C Charleston Hotel Memphis. Tenn 60 N Main St.

Charlotte. N. C 22 S. Tryon St. Mobile. Ala 51 S. Royal St.

Chattanooga. Tenn ... .81 7 Market St. Montgomery. Ala Exchange Hotel

Columbia. S. C Arcade Building Nashville, Tenn. Independent Life Bldg.

Jacksonville. Fla 38 W. Bay St. New Orleans. La St. Charles Hotel

For detailed information regarding National Parks and Monuments address Bureau of Service,
National Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau— Western Lines, 646 Transportation Bldg.,
Chicago.

Page twenty-throe

Raleigh. N. C 305 LaFayette St.

Richmond. Va 830 E. Main St.

Savannah. Ga 37 Bull St.

Sheffield. Ala Sheffield Hotel

Tampa. Fla Hillsboro Hotel

Vicksburg. Miss .1319 Washington St.
Winston-Salem. N. C. 236 N. Main St.

SEASON 1919

PRESS OF FAULKNER-RYAN CO.. CHICAGO

" What if Man. that Thou Art Mindful of Him?"
The original site of a mammoth glacier which ate into the granite heart of Long's Peak

i lit!

S E Q Ud

GENERAL G

National Parks * Californi

UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION

PHOTO BY HERBERT W. GLEASON

Page two

Grand Sentinel, King's River Canyon

An Appreciation of

Sequoia and General Grant National Parks

By ROBERT STERLING YARD, Chief, Educational Division, National Park Service

Written Mspci uilly for the United States Railroad Administration

IF all my mountain nights the one photographed most sharply upon
memory was spent in a Sequoia grove of the Giant Forest. We had
come in late from the Yosemite, two weeks on the trail, with mule
and pack-train, the length of the proposed Roosevelt National Park.
In early afternoon we had crossed the northern boundary into the Sequoia.
At sundown we had camped upon a ridge crowned with red-stemmed giants.
The packs were stripped from the mules and heaped around the forest kitchen.
Tie Sing set up his sheet-iron stove and hustled dinner. Camp fires were has-
tily lighted, and we availed of the last twilight to choose levels for our sleeping
bags, for in the Sierra, where it does not rain in summer, trail travelers carry
no tents.

Three of us shared a bedroom nobler far than ever housed a king. It was
pentagonal in shape with every angle a purplish red sequoia trunk fifteen feet
in diameter. The fire of cones, blazing in the center of the brown, sweet-
smelling floor, threw these glowing pillars into powerful relief and drew between
them black enclosing curtains of night. The ceiling, a hundred and twenty
feet above, heavily carved in hanging plumes of yellowish green which the
flickering fire outlined, swayed softly in the evening breeze.

Lying in comfort and complete seclusion, my senses soothed with per-
fumes as rare as my surroundings, imagination held me an excited captive. A
moment later sunshine and a thousand bird songs filled the room.

If you want rest with inspiration, go to the Sequoia National Park. In the
Giant Forest grow a million sequoia trees, some of them tiny babies of a year
springing sharply from the warm, moist soil; some of them youngsters of a
thousand years just peering over the tops of the towering sugar pines; some
of them youths of two thousand years with fine rounded crowns and huge bent
arms hugging their plumed togas; some of them majestic seniors, three hundred
feet in height, who began life while the dramas of the Book of Exodus were
still enacting.

But these are not all. In this amazing forest the greatest pines and firs of
the whole Sierra, festooned with trailing moss, attain their greatest height and
thickness, the picturesque, deciduous trees of the region reach their fullest
development, and flowering shrubs of a hundred species crowd the shaded aisles.
It is the Forest of Enchantment.

From the Sequoia National Park and its little neighbor, the General Grant
National Park, you may accent your summer's rest by trail trips into the famous
canyons and up to the High Sierra of the wonderful Roosevelt National Park
to come.

Go to Sequoia. You will find there what earth nowhere else possesses;
and you will find it good.

Page three

To the American People:

Secretary of the Interior

Sequoia and General Grant National Parks

N the western slopes of the
Sierra Nevada in Califor-
nia, south of the Kings
River Canyon and west of
the Canyon of the Kern,
are the Sequoia and General Grant
National Parks. They embrace a fairy-
land of forest where wood-nymphs
might revel to their hearts' content.
Nowhere on earth would they feel so
much at home; nowhere could they
find such mazy labyrinths of dusky
aisles, in such dense growths of mam-
moth trees, in which to hold their
frolics.

The soothing influence of the wood-
land appeals to all of us. Tired human-
ity likes to stretch in the cool, beneath
spreading branches. Let it be any kind
of tree, or let it be only a rest for an
hour or so, one rises refreshed. The
charm has worked — the ineffable
charm of the out-of-doors and the for-
est. And here, amidst mountain scen-
ery unsurpassed in beauty and splendor,
and beneath trees whose magnitude is
unmatched, lies one of Nature's great-
est rest-rooms and pleasure-grounds,
open to all who seek healthful enjoy-
ment, or who would behold some of
the marvels of creation.

The superb forests which cover this
region contain the Sequoia Washing-

toniana, or the Big Tree of California,
some exceeding 300 feet in height and
over 36 feet in diameter. It is the
patriarch among trees, by some strange
exemption saved to us from the pre-
glacial age. It grows nowhere else
than in the High Sierra of California,
the finest specimens being embraced in
the Sequoia, the Yosemite and the
General Grant National Parks. But
these trees are not to be thought of as
the survivors of a dying species. There
are many thousands of them here in
their vigorous prime, hundreds of
thousands of them in all the grace and
strength of youth, their red shafts form-
ing splendid collonades and cathedral-
like archways. And when a mighty
sequoia by chance is uprooted, its firm-
grained wood lies undecaying for cen-
turies.

Who has best described these giants
of the forest? See what John Muir
said of them — he who lived among
them:

"No description can give any ade-
quate idea of their singular majesty,
much less of their beauty. Excepting
the sugar pine, most of their neighbors
with pointed tops seem to be forever
shouting 'Excelsior,' while the big tree,
though soaring above them all, seems
satisfied, its rounded head poised lightly

Page four

There are many ideal camping spots in this region

as a cloud, giving no impression of try-
ing to go higher. Only in youth does
it show like other conifers a heaven-
ward yearning, keenly aspiring with a
long, quick-growing top. Indeed the
whole tree for the first century or two,
or until 1 00 to 150 feet high, is arrow-
head in form, and, compared with the
solemn rigidity of age, is as sensitive to
the wind as a squirrel tail. The lower
branches are gradually dropped as it
grows older and the upper ones thinned
out till comparatively few are left.
These, however, are developed to great
size, divide again and again, and ter-
minate in bossy rounded masses of
leafy branchlets, while the head be-
comes dome-shaped."

"Then poised in fullness of strength
and beauty, stern and solemn in mien,
it glows with eager, enthusiastic life,
quivering to the tip of every leaf and
branch and far-reaching root, calm as
a granite dome, the first to feel the
touch of the rosy beams of the morning,
the last to bid the sun good-night."

And what birdhouses they make!
Of this feature John Muir wrote:

The dense tufted sprays make snug
nesting places for birds, and in some
of the loftiest, leafiest towers of ver-
dure thousands of generations have
been reared, the great solemn tree

shedding off flocks of merry singers
every year from nests, like the flocks
of winged seed from the cones."
Of their age, he had this to say:
"The big tree can not be said to at-
tain anything like prime size and beauty
before its fifteen-hundredth year, or
under favorable circumstances become
old before its three-thousandth."

"Many no doubt are much older than
this. On one of the giants, 35 feet 8
inches in diameter exclusive of bark, I
counted upward of four thousand an-
nual wood rings, in which there was no
trace of decay after all these centuries
of mountain weather."

More Than a Million Sequoia Trees

The Sequoia National Park has an
area of 161,597 acres, and ranges in
altitude from 1,100 to 11,900 feet.
In the Park there are over a million of
sequoia trees, 12,000 of them exceed-
ing ten feet in diameter, in addition to
phenomenal monsters of great age.
The Big Trees here are not in isolated
groves, but within the park boundaries
of twenty miles north to south, form a
chain of twelve groves in an almost un-
broken forest of sequoias and pine that
extends southward across the whole
Kaweah watershed and along the flanks
of the range, for nearly seventy miles.

Page five

Golden Trout Creek

The Giant Forest, so named by John
Muir, is the largest of these groves,
containing in its 3,200 acres over half
a million sequoia trees, of which 5,000
exceed ten feet in diameter. And
here stands the General Sherman tree,
most celebrated of all and the largest
tree in the world, 279.9 feet high and
36.5 feet in diameter. Such immensity
in a tree is hard to realize; its massive
trunk and branches contain about one
million feet of lumber. Compared
with the trees with which we are all fa-
miliar— the ordinary forest that we
know — these trees are like a troop of
elephants amongst a flock of sheep. If
placed closely side by side thirty-six
of them would occupy an acre of land,
whereas, were pine trees with trunks
at the base four feet in diameter, simi-
larly placed, over 2700 would be re-
quired to fill the same space. Stand-
ing amidst these forest giants one feels
as though transported to another planet
— for trees like these we had not con-
ceived of as being on Earth.

The General Sherman tree has about
reached its four -thousandth birthday,
and was a seedling in the year B. C.
2,080. The grove also contains many
peers of the Sherman tree — approach-
ing it in size and age. Other noted
trees in the Park are the Abraham Lin-

coln, 270 feet high and 31 feet in
diameter; and the William McKinley,
which is 290 feet high with a diameter
of 28 feet. There is a small hotel in
the Giant Forest, where good accom-
modations are provided; also an ad-
joining camp of modern tent-houses.

The General Grant National Park,
lying to the northwest, across mountain,
valley and forest, has an area of 2,536
acres and ranges in altitude from 5,250
to 7,631 feet. It is one of the smallest of
our national parks and was established
for the protection of the General Grant
tree, widely known for its size and
beauty. In the surrounding grove,
which is as luxuriant in all growing
things as the Giant Forest, there are
10,000 sequoias, 190 of which exceed
ten feet in diameter. The General
Grant tree, which is second only to
the General Sherman in size, and al-
most the same age, is 264 feet high,
and over 35 feet in diameter. A dis-
tinguished neighbor is the George
Washington tree, only nine feet less
in height and six feet less in diameter.
In a cathedral-like grove there is a
camp of comfortable tent-houses.

The southern boundary of the Gen-
eral Grant National Park and the
northern boundary of the Sequoia Na-
tional Park are only six miles apart,

Page s

Mountain lake near base of Mt. Whitne^

but the horse trail between the Giant
Forest in the Sequoia Park and the cen-
ter of the Grant Park is thirty-two
miles in length. An auto road between
the Parks is under construction.

Rugged Canyons, Peaks and Mountain
Streams

In addition to its big tree groves, the Sequoia
National Park has many natural attractions
that will delight the sightseer. There are
wooded canyons thousands of feet deep, and
mountain heights commanding sublime views.
Many places of interest are within pleasant
walking distance, and horse trails lead to the
numerous more distant vantage points. Each
trip unfolds a landscape that will remain long
in the memory. The scene disclosed from the
summit of Moro Rock across the great Can-
yon of the Kaweah River, looking toward
Castle Rock rising 5,000 feet from the valley
floor, is notable. Moro Rock is two miles
from Giant Forest by auto road. A 346-step
stairway, with hand rail, leads to its top.
Mount Silliman, 11,188 feet, is nine and a
half miles to the northeast, its summit being
reached by horse and foot trail, while to the
south are Alta Peak and Alta Meadow, the
latter an inviting stopping place, each com-
manding vistas to the west and northwest
wondrous in their mountain splendor.

The Marble, Middle, East and South Forks
of the Kaweah River wind deep in their
rugged canyons northeast to southwest
through the Park, and numerous tributary
creeks and streams in wooded gorges and
forest-rimmed meadows join them from all
directions, so the angler finds many dark
pools below foaming rapids, and likely

stretches of riffling waters, in which to cast
his flies. The Kaweah River drains the west-
ern flank of the Great Western Divide and
the southern flank of Silliman Crest. Its
upper tributaries have a wild course through
an exceedingly rugged part of the range,
some streams descending 6,500 feet in a hori-
zontal distance of less than five miles. These
cascading torrents flow through wonderful
glacial canyons whose walls still gleam with
the polish left by the ice in ages past. The
smooth and burnished walls of Buck Canyon,
the main gorge of the Middle Fork of the
Kaweah, shine in the early morning light with
an almost unearthly refulgence. By stopping
a night at Alta Meadow a full appreciation
of the magnificent scenery of the Kaweah
headwaters can be obtained. Alta Meadow
lies high on the wall of Buck Canyon. Be-
yond the canyon's deep rift rises the serrated
skyline of the Great Western Divine, gor-
geous in the flush of sunset. Peak after peak,
rosy in the alpenglow, rises against a sky of
pearly gray with flame-touched bands of
clouds above, while canyons and forests lie
veiled in shadowy blues and purples.

From Vanderver's peak, 11,900 feet and
the highest elevation in the Park, a glorious
view embraces the Canyon of the Kern, with
Mount Whitney's summit and the ridge of
towering peaks that form the Highest Sierra,
silhouetted on the eastern horizon.

Crystal Cave

Adding to the allurements of the Park, a
wonderful cave was discovered in April,
1918, in an unfrequented and rugged canyon,
by anglers in quest of trout. It surpasses in
attractiveness the famous Clough and Para-
dise caves, also within the boundaries. It
has been named Crystal Cave. It opens into

Page seven

the southern side of a large limestone moun-
tain, at the water's edge of Cactus Creek
and near the western boundary. It has been
explored a distance of 4,000 feet, and when
certain openings have been enlarged, may
disclose a mountain drilled with caverns.
Throughout the cave, stalactites rich and
wonderfully varied, sparkle in the gloom.
There are chambers with ceilings a glittering
mass of these needle-pointed spears, others
with festoons of dazzling draperies suspended,
while in some there stand bright fluted col-
umns and stalagmites of surpassing symmetry
and beauty.
Wild Flowers; Bird and Wild Animal Life

Wild flowers in abundance make garden
spots throughout this woodland realm, dot-
ting smooth meadows, peeping from mossy
slopes and decorating rock crevises with their
brilliant bloom. Flowering shrubs also lend
their coloring to the park-like glades seen
through openings in the forest; and in cool
shady nooks ferns of many kinds, from the
stately Warwardina to the dainty Maiden-
hair, grow in rank luxuriance.

John Muir said: "The Big Tree (Sequoia gigantea) i

There have been recorded by the govern-
ment supervisor forty-one species of birds,
residents or seasonal visitors in the Sequoia
Park. Of these, over one hundred named

varieties many of them rare song birds and

birds of bright plumage are seen and heard

during the summer season, adding to one's
pleasure and enjoyment. Many people visit
the Park for the sole purpose of studying
and ascertaining the habits of certain species
of birds. A great number of the same varie-
ties are found in the Grant Park. Frequently
seen are the golden and bald eagle, owls, road-
runners, woodpeckers and humming-birds, while
warblers, finches and robins are everywhere.
Both mountain and valley quail and Sierra
grouse are also plentiful.

Of wild animals, elk are occasionally seen
in the Sequoia Park, while deer and bear,
black and brown, are abundant in both the
Sequoia and Grant Parks, as are also frol-
icking squirrels, pine martens, hares and rab-
bits. Mountain lions, lynx, timber wolves,
foxes and coyotes are killed, or being driven
from the Parks by the rangers whenever

Nat.

Page eight

iece. and, so far as I know, the greatest of living things."

seen. Fire arms are not permitted within the
National Parks.

Proposed Roosevelt National Park

The proposed Roosevelt National Park is
designed to include not only the Sequoia
National Park, but also the entire right-angle
to the northeast formed by the Kings River
Canyon, the Canyon of the Kern, and the

High Sierra which lie to the eastward the

giant peaks of the summit-crest culminating
in Mount Whitney, 14,501 feet above sea
level, and the highest mountain in the United
States, excepting Mount McKinley in Alaska.
The new territory embraces an area of 886,-
000 acres. There are towering snow-capped
peaks; sawtooth ridges; over-hanging cliffs that
sink into deep slashed canyons; forested slopes
and grass-covered glades, with thundering rivers,
foaming cataracts, and clear smooth-running
streams twining through forested vales. Amidst
the higher wilderness of granite crags are count-
less glacial lakes, that flash erecting to the sun
from snow-bound basins, while a hundred rivu-
lets born in snowy heights sing their way down

from this alpine zone toward flowering meadows
and fragrant groves of pine.

It is a land of the winding zig-zag trail,
of the saddle horse and pack animal, for the
camper and the tent-dweller. For the angler
it is the fishing ground of his most cherished
fancies, for here are waters still new to the
cast of the fly. It is a real man's country;
a country of the most glorious out-of-doors;
and with its salubrious climate, a summer
vacation-land beyond compare. Here the
business man on his well-earned outing can
laugh at office cares and nerve-rack, and re-
turn to the city re-made, with vigor renewed;
and many of his women folk, long-booted and
mountain-togged, will enjoy it all as much
as he.

The Kings River Canyon

About thirty-five miles north of the General
Grant and the Sequoia National Parks, tl~e
Kings River Canyon cuts east and west into
the heart of the Sierra.

From both the Grant Park and the Giant
Forest in the Sequoia Park, over trai's by way
of Horse Corral Meadow and Lookout Point,

Page nine

SEQUOIA

AND

GENERAL GRANT
NATIONAL PARKS

CALIFORNIA

. _ Boundary

, ^_ Boundary Proposed

Roosevelt National Park
utomobile Roads
'ain Trails
.Other Trails

*J&Y<&?js&£fe

Gardiner V /X^^eSO • 11" i ^S

2903 ft. C \ (t^H-X

Page ten

saddle-horses and pack animals wind through
primeval forests and alcng shoulders of great
mountain ridges where lofty snow-clad peaks
and deep gorges flash into view at every turn.

The first view of the canyon from Lookout
Point cannot be surpassed. Kings River Can-
yon curves but little and its long perspective is
seen for miles bisecting the Sierra ricges. At
the base of precipices shimmer moist green
meadows; dark forest-patches spot slopes and
canyon floor, and through it all is traced
the silvery line of the South Fork of the
Kings River, its flow broken by long rapids,
deep pools and tumultuous cascades.

From Lookout Point the descent in three
miles is 3,300 feet, and the floor of the
canyon is reached at Cedar Grove, where the
river is crossed and the trail makes upstream.
The air is fragrant with pine and incense-
cedar, ahead gleam open sunlit meadows
bright with flowers, or set with trees in park-
like precision but the roar of the river al-
ways is in our ears. The comfortable tent-
houses of the Kings River Camp stand beneath
the brows of the the greatest cliffs of the canyon.
Above rises the huge North Dome, and across
the river (which is here joined by the rushing
Copper Creek), looms the great Sentinal, its
grani e face glowing with colors, its crest 3,500
feet above the waters edge. The Sphinx rears its
head nearby. Much of the finest scenery lies
close at hand — Paradise Valley; the wild Bubb's
Creek ravine; Mist Falls and Roaring River
Falls. Glacier Rock rises at the head of the
canyon, where the Kings River turns in from
the north and is joined by Bubb's Creek cas-
cading down from the east.

The trail continues along the headwaters
of the Kings, which make their way through
its narrow gorge, breaking white against
granite rocks. Five miles to the north the
defile widens into a level-floored meadow held
within vertical cliffs. This is Paradise Val-
ley, a beautiful vale of the Sierra type, of the
same character as Yosemite. Here camping
is truly ideal and the angler will be tempted
to follow the Kings to its lofty snowbank
sources. A well-marked trail leads up the
western side of the canyon to Woods Creek,
and up that stream to Rae Lake, Lake Char-
lotte, East Lake, Lake Reflection and Bry-

anthus Lake gems of the clearest crystal

and alive with trout. They are reached also
by the Bubb's Creek trail.

Another wonderful gorge reached from
Kings River Camp, is Tehipite Canyon, on
the Middle Fork of the Kings River. Tehi-
pite Pinnacles are a series of jagged spires.
At their base are wild waterfalls, and on
Cartridge Creek, a tributary, are splendid
cascades. Simpson Meadow is an excellent
camping place.

The Bubb's Creek trail leads from the
Kings River Canyon up a steep ravine where
the turbulent stream is terraced with count-
less cascades. The canyon is like a great
stairway into the heights above. At the top
is the mighty rock-ridge of which the lowest
point is Kearsarge Pass. Here one stands
upon the bare back-bone of the Sierra.

Mount Gould, Mount Gardner, the East Vi-
dette, West Vidette, Deerhorn Mountain,
Mount Bradley and Mount Rixford are ar-
rayed against the skyline in a chain of ice-
clad peaks. From this viewpoint you look
far down the eastern wall of the Sierra to
Owens Valley gleaming in the sun.

The Mighty Gorge of the Kern River

The Kern River Canyon is the only one
of the mighty gorges of the Sierra Nevada
which has a north and south trend, and is
even more extensive than the canyon of the
Kings; its walls rise as high, its encompassing
peaks are higher. From the Kings Canyon
you may cross the lofty Kings-Kern Divide
over the John Muir trail east of Junction
Peak, entering the Canyon of the Kern at
its upper end.

From Giant Forest a popular trail leads
past Alta Meadow to Mineral King Valley,
thence through Franklin Pass and down the
canyon of Rattlesnake Creek to Kern River
Canyon at the Lower Funston Meadow;
while another trail is from Mineral King
through Farewell Gap to Coyote Pass, de-
scending into the great gorge at its lower
end, opposite Volcano Creek, the home of
the far-famed golden trout. The Kern River
itself, a clear, cold mountain torrent, is a de-
servedly noted trout stream. Rainbow trout,
weighing over eight pounds, have been taken
in these waters.

The Kern Canyon reaches into the very
heart of the highest Sierra. To the west rise
the Kaweah Peaks, the loftiest 14,140 feet
above sea level. From Miner's Peak one may
look down upon the great Chagoopa Forest
and into the immense dark cleft in the earth
known as the Big Arroyo. Far to the north-
east, at the head of the Kern Canyon, looms
Mount Tyndall, 14,101 feet.

A trail follows the Kern Canyon north to
south, thirty miles, the cliffs on either side
often rising three thousand feet. At one
point in the lower canyon the course of the
river, blocked by a landslide, has formed Kern
Lake, a placid expanse of water which mir-
rors its surroundings with miraculous clear-
ness.

Many Peaks for Mountain Climbing

The mountaineer should strive to make
the Mount Whitney trip. Its ascent is not
especially difficult, and can be accomplished
by continuous climbing for six or seven hours.
From this supreme summit, 14,501 feet, more
than sixteen thousand square miles lie out-
spread beneath the eye a territory larger

than Switzerland — and within the range of
vision are no less than sixty peaks exceed-
ing twelve thousand feet in altitude. And
from the summit of Mount Whitney one looks
from the highest to the lowest point in Amer-
ica, Death Valley, 351 feet below sea level,
being visible far to the southeast. Mount
Williamson, 14,384 feet, is much more dif-
ficult. Tyndall, 14,025 feet, Langley, 14,043
feet, and the South Kaweah, 13.816 feet,
are all interesting climbs for those who are
happiest when ascending the peaks of the sky.

Page eleven

Twin Sisters. General Grant National Park

In the High Sierra is a chain of lakes that reflect the glories of great snow peaks

Accommodations and Transportation
in the Parks

Sequoia National Park. — At the Giant Forest there is
a hotel-camp, a general store, telephone station, photo-
graph galleries, and post office of Giant Forest, Calif.

Rates of Giant Forest Hotel-Camp
Board and lodging:

One person, per day $ 3.50

One person, per week 19.50

One person, four weeks 72.00

Two persons, per day, each 3.00

Two persons, per week, each 17.50

Two persons, four weeks, each 65.00

Meals without lodging:

Breakfast and lunch, each 75

Dinner 1.00

Lodging without meals 1 .00

One-naif of the regular rate will be charged for children
under 8 years of age.

Baths $0.35

Guests desiring extra tent room will be charged as
follows:

Tent capacity of four people occupied by two, 50 cents
each per day extra.

Tent capacity of two people occupied by one, 50 cents
per day extra.

The Sequoia National Park Transportation Co. operates
an auto stage service from Giant Forest to points of interest
in the park at the following rates:

Rates of Sequoia National Park Transportation Co.
Parker Group, Moro Rock, and return — one person

Two or more, each

Admiration Point and return — One person

Two or more, each

General Sherman Tree and return — One person.

Two or more, each

General Sherman Tree and Wolverton and icturn —

One person

Two or more, each ...

$1.00

.75

3.00

2.50

1.00

.75

2.00
1.50

Chester Wright. Giant Forest. Calif., has a license to
conduct a saddle and pack animal transportation service
in the Sequoia National Park.

Parties can hire saddle horses and pack mules at $1.50
Per«<jy eac^' kut in all cases guide must accompany same.
at $3.00 per day, the guide taking charge of packing and
relieving tourists of responsibility for animals. All animals
will be equipped with riding or pack saddles.

Rates for Guides and Horses

To Sherman Tree and return $2.00

To Sherman Tree, Wolverton, and return by Circle

Meadow 3.00

To Moro Rock and return 2.00

To Moro Rock and return by Crescent. Log. and

Huckleberry Meadows 2.50

To Alta and return 3.50

To Twin Lakes and return 3.50

To Moro Rock, Crescent, Log, Huckleberry Mea-
dows, and Wolverton, and Sherman Tree 3.50

Parties wishing to make long trips will be furnished with
special rates.

General Grant National Park. — In General Grant
National Park there is a camp, a general store, telephone
station, photograph gallery, and post office of General
Grant National Park, Calif.

Rates of General Grant National Park Camp

Board and lodging:

Per day, each person $ 3.25

Per week, each person ....

Per month, each person 68.00

Meals or lodging, part of a day:

Breakfast 75

Lunch.

Dinner 1.00

Lodging 1 .00

One-half of the regular rate will be charged for children
under 8 years of age.

Baths $0.35

Guests desiring extra tent room will be charged as
follows:

Tent capacity of four people occupied by two. 50 cent*
each per day extra.

Tent capacity of two people occupied by one. 50 cent*
per day extra.

During the season of 1919 a few specially appointed
cottages, with private reception room, hot and cold
showers, etc., will be maintained at rate of $4.00 per day
for one person, $3.50 per day for two persons, each, includ-
ing board and lodging.

Rates for Saddle Horse and Guide Service
A tri-weekly saddle and pack train service is operated

from General Grant Park to Kings River Canyon. The

rates at the Kings River Canyon Camp are the same aa

at the National Park, and the camp is under the same

management.

General Grant National Park is the logical gateway to

Kings River Canyon points, such as Kearsarge Pass. Mt.

Brewer. Rae Lake. Middle Fork Canyon, Simpson Meadow.

and other points in the area of the proposed Roosevelt

National Park.

Page thirteen

Saddle horses, per day $2.50

Pack mules, per day

Packers and guides, per day

Donkeys, per day ' -50

Donkeys, per week 7.00

Fare to Kings River Canyon and return

How to Reach the Parks

Sequoia National Park

From the railroad stations of Exeter and Visalia. Calif.,
the Visalia Electric Railroad operates frequent daily service
to Lemon Cove, Calif. Lemon Cove is connected with
Sequoia National Park by automobile stages of the Sequoia
National Park Transportation Company.

Automobile stages leave Lemon Cove Mondays, Wednes-
days and Fridays at 12:30 p. m.; arrive Giant Forest,
Sequoia National Park (40 miles) 5:30 p. m. Stages leave
Giant Forest Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, 7:00
a. m.; arrive Lemon Cove 12:00 noon. Special trips will
be made on alternate days under the same schedule when
two or more passengers are available.

Fares via Visalia Electric Railroad

Between Visalia and Lemon Cove (21 miles), one-way 65c.,

round-trip $1.10.
Between Exeter and Lemon Cove (1 1 miles), one way 35c.,

round-trip 60c.

Stage Fares to Sequoia National Park

Between Lemon Cove and Giant Forest, one-way $6.50,

round-trip $12.00.

Children under 12 years of age, one-half fare.
Baggage allowance, 40 pounds; excess baggage, 2c per
pound.

General Grant National Park

General Grant National Park is connected by automobile
stages of the Kings River Stage & Transportation Com-
pany with the railroad station of Sanger, Calif.

Touring cars, operated by the Kings River Stage &
Transportation Co., leave Sanger each morning (except
Sunday) at 9:00 a. m. and arrive at General Grant National
Park (46 miles) at 2:30 p. m.; leave General Grant Na-
tional Park at 9:00 a. m. and arrive Sanger at 2:00 p. m.
Stops for lunch are made in each direction.

Stage Fares to General Grant National Park

From Sanger to General Grant National Park, $5.50.
From General Grant National Park to Sanger, $4.00.
Round-trip. $8.00.

Baggage allowance, 50 pounds; excess baggage, $1.25 per
100 pounds.

Season

The 1919 season for both Parks extends from May 24th
to October !0th.

Park Administration

Sequoia and General Grant National Parks are under the
jui isdict ion of the Director, National Park Service, Depart-
ment of the Interior, Washington, D. C. The Park Super-
intendent is located at Three Rivers, Calif.

Railroad Tickets and Stopovers

During summer season round-trip excursion tickets at
reduced fares are sold at certain stations in California to
Sequoia National Park and to General Grant National
Park as destinations. ^

Through tickets to other destinations (reading between
Los Angeles and San Francisco, for example), will be hon-
ored via Exeter and Sanger instead of via Goshen Junction.

or via Visalia instead of via Laton, as the case might be.
Both round-trip and one-way tickets are good for stop-
overs at Exeter or Visalia for side-trip to Sequoia National
Park, and at Sanger for side-trip to General Grant National
Park.

U. S. Government Publications

The following publications may be obtained
from the Superintendent of Documents, Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C.,
at prices given. Remittances should be made
by money order or in cash:

"The Secret of the Big Trees," by Ellsworth Huntington.

24 pages, 14 illustrations, 5 cents.
" Forests of Yosemite, Sequoia, and General Grant National

Parks," by C. L. Hill. 40 pages, 23 illustrations, 20

cents.
"The National Parks Portfolio," by Robert Sterling Yard.

260 pages. 270 illustrations, descriptive of nine national

parks. Pamphlet edition, 35 cents; book edition, 55

cents.

The following may be obtained from the
Director of the United States Geological Sur-
vey, Washington, D. C., at prices given.

Topographic map of Sequoia National Park, 10 cents.

Topographic map of General Grant National Park, 10
cents.

The following publications may be ob-
tained free by written request addressed to the
Director, National Park Service, Washington,
D. C., or by personal application to the
office of the superintendent of the park :

Circular of General Information Regarding Sequoia and

General Grant National Parks.

Glimpses of Our National Parks. 48 pages, illustrated.
Map showing location of National Parks and Monuments

and railroad routes thereto.

U. S. R. R. Administration Publications

The following publications may be ob-
tained free on application to any consolidated
ticket office; or apply to the Bureau of Service,
National Parks and Monuments, or Travel
Bureau — Western Lines, 646 Transportation
Building, Chicago, 111. :

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies

California for the Tourist

Colorado and Utah Rockies

Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

Glacier National Park, Montana

Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona

Hawaii National Park, Hawaiian Islands

Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas

Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado

Mount Ranier National Park, Washington

Northern Lakes — Wisconsin, Minnesota, Upper Michigan.

Iowa and Illinois
Pacific Northwest and Alaska
Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona
Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
Sequoia and General Grant Nat onal Parks. California
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho
Yosemite National Park. California
Zion National Monument. Utah

Deer Horn Mountains from Bryanthus Lake. Sequoia National Park

Page fourteen

FSF^

The National Parks at a Glance

United States Railroad Administration

Director General of Railroads
For particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc., apply to any Railroad Ticket Agent, or to any

of the following Consolidated Ticket Offices:

Beaumont. Tex., Orleans and Pearl Sts.

Bremerton. Wash 224 Front St.

Butte. Mont 2 N. Main St.

•Chicago. 111. ... 175 W. Jackson Blvd.
•Colorado Springs. Colo..

II9E. Pike's Peak Ave.

Dallas. Tex 1 12-1 14 Field St.

Denver. Colo 601 17th St.

-Des Moines. Iowa 403 Walnut St.

Duluth, Minn. . . .334 W. Superior St.
El Paso. Tex. . .Mills and Oregon Sts.

Ft. Worth. Tex 702 Houston St.

Fresno. Calif J and Fresno Sts.

•Galveston. Tex. 2 1st and Market Sts.

Helena. Mont 58 S. Main St.

-Houston. Tex 904 Texas Ave.

Kansas City. Mo.,

Ry. Ex. Bldg.. 7th and Walnut Sts.

Lincoln. Neb 104 N. 13th St.

Little Rock. Ark 202 W. 2d St.

Long Beach. Calif.. L.A. & S.L. Station
Los Angeles. Calif ... 2 1 5 S. Broadway

Milwaukee. Wis 99 Wisconsin St.

Minneapolis. Minn.. 202 Sixth St.South
Oakland. Calif. 13th St. and Broadway

Ocean Park. Calif 160 Pier Ave.

Oklahoma City. Okla..

131 W. Grand Ave.

Omaha. Neb 1416 Dodge St.

Peoria. 111. .Jefferson and Liberty Sta.
Phoenix. Ariz.,

Adams St. and Central Ave.
Portland, Ore., 3d and Washington Sts.

Pueblo, Colo 401-3 N. Union Ave.

St. Joseph. Mo 505 Francis St.

St. Louis. Mo.,

I 318-328 N. Broadway

East

St. Paul. Minn. .4th and Jackson Sta.

Sacramento. Calif 801 K St.

Salt Lake City. Utah.

Main and S. Temple Sta.
San Antonio, Tex.,

315-17 N. St. Mary 'a St.

San Diego, Calif 300 Broadway

San Francisco. Calif.

Lick Bldg.. Post St. and Lick Place
San Jose, Calif.. IstandSanFernandoSta.

Seattle. Wash 714-16 2d Ave.

Shreveport, La..Milam and Market Sta.

Sioux City. Iowa .510 4th St.

Spokane. Wash..

Davenport Hotel, 815 Sprague Ave.
Tacoma, Wash .. 1 I 1 7-19 Pacific Ave.

Waco, Tex 6th and Franklin Sta.

Whittier. Calif . L. A. & S. L. Station

Winnipeg. Man

226 Portage Ave.

- »***iMJVVM10t IVIU . . .

Atlantic City, N. J.. 1301 Pacific Ave.
Baltimore. Md. . . B. & O. R. R. Bldg.

Boston. Mass 67 Franklin St.

Brooklyn. N. Y 336 Fulton St.

Buffalo. N. Y.. Main and Division Sts.
-Cincinnati. Ohio. .6th and Main Sts.
.1004 Prospect Ave.

Cleveland. Ohio.
•Columbus. Ohio
Dayton. Ohio . . .

1539 Chestnut St.

. .Arcade Building

Reading. Pa 16 N. Fifth St.

Rochester. N. Y 20 State St.

Syracuse. N. Y..
Toledo. Ohio . . .

. 70 East Gay St.
19S. Ludlow St.

Washington. D. C
Williamsport. Pa

. University Block
320 Madison Ave.
.1229 F St. N. W.
.4th and Pine Sta.

.Annapolis Md 54 Maryland Ave. Detroit. Mich. . 13 W. LaFayette Ave. I Philadelphia. Pa

Evansville. Ind. .L. & N. R. R. Bldg. Pittsburgh. Pa. .

Grand Rapids. Mich 125 Pearl St.

Indianapolis. Ind.. I 12-14 English Block
Newark. N. J.. Clinton and Beaver Sts.

New York, N. Y 64 Broadway

New York. N. Y. . . .57 Chambers St.

New York. N. Y 31 W. 32d St.

New York. N. Y 1 14 W. 42d St. | Wilmington. Del 905 Market St.

South

Knoxville, Tenn 600 Gay St.

Lexington. Ky Union Station

Louisville. Ky. . .4th and Market Sta.

Lynchburg. Va 722 Main St.

Memphis. Tenn 60 N. Main St.

Mobile. Ala 51 S. Royal St.

Montgomery. Ala .... Exchange Hotel
Nashville Tenn.. Independent Life Bldg.
New Orleans. La .... St. Charlea Hotel

For detailed information regarding National Parks and Monuments address Bureau of Service,
National Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau — Western Lines. 646 Transportation Bldg..
•Chicago.

Page fifteen

Asheville. N. C. . . . 14 S. Polk Square

Atlanta. Ga 74 Peachtree St.

Augusta, Ga 8 11 Broad St.

Birmingham, Ala 2010 1st Ave.

'Charleston. S. C Charleston Hotel

Charlotte. N. C 22 S. Tryon St.

Chattanooga. Tenn. . .817 Market St.

Columbia. S. C Arcade Building

Jacksonville. Fla 38 W. Bay St.

Paducah. Ky .
la. Fla

.430 Broadway

Pensacola. Fla San Carlos Hotel

Raleigh. N. C 305 LaFayette St.

Richmond. Va 830 E. Main St

Savannah. Ga 37 Bull St.

Sheffield. Ala Sheffield Hotel

Tampa. Fla Hillsboro Hotel

Vicksburg. Miss. 13 19 Waahington St.
Winaton-Salem. N. C.. 236 N. Main St.

SEASON 1919

RATHBUN-6RANT-HELLER CO.. CHICAGO

The General Sherman Tree, largest and oldest living thing in all the world

YELLOWSTONE

National Park

WYOMING -

NTANA- IDAHO

UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION

P A R. K.

Riverside Gey»er — Unlike moet Gey»crs it cpouU obliquely instead of vertically. |t« arching column of water

thrown into the Firehole River
P a i* < u»o

An Appreciation of

Yellowstone National Park

By EMERSON HOUGH

Author oj "The Mississippi Rubble" "54-40 or Fight" '"Che Wau to the West." ft,
Written Especially for the United States Railroad Administration

FTER every war there comes a day of diligence. Usually
war is followed by a rush of soldiers back to the soil.
We have 3,000,000 soldiers, a large per cent of whom
are seeking farms. This means the early use of every
reclaimable acre of American soil. It means that the
wildernesses of America soon will be no more.

Our great National Parks are sections of the old American wilder-
ness preserved practically unchanged. They are as valuable, acre
for acre, as the richest farm lands. They feed the spirit, the soul, the
character of America.

Who can measure the value, even to-day, of a great national
reserve such as the Yellowstone Park? In twenty years it will be
beyond all price, for in twenty years we shall have no wild America.
The old days are gone forever. Their memories are ours personally.
We ought personally to understand, to know, to prize and cherish
them.

Of all the National Parks Yellowstone is the wildest and most
universal in its appeal. There is more to see there — more different
sorts of things, more natural wonders, more strange and curious things,
more scope, more variety — a longer list of astonishing sights — than
any half dozen of the other parks combined could offer. Daily new,
always strange, ever full of change, it is the circus park, Nature's
continuous Coney Island. It is the most human and the most popular
of all the parks.

But Yellowstone is more, and very much more, than that, espe-
cially in its new and vastly enlarged form to-day. As it now is con-
stituted, it is the noblest sweep of unspoiled and yet fully accessible
mountain country to be found within or without our National Park
limits. Here, indeed, you may see the ROCKIES, and as you look,
there will arise in your soul the phrase, "As it was in the Beginning!"
Happily also follows the remainder of the choral chant, "Is now, and
ever shall be!" What price can you put on that?

Yellowstone is at once the easiest, the most feasible, the most
human of all the parks, and also the wildest and most unchanged.
No other park, and no other mountain region within our borders,

Page three

holds such numbers, or such numbers of species, of native American
big game.

The bears of Yellowstone have made it famous, as has its Painted
Canyon. Its vast elk herds— the last hope of that species in America-
have no like anywhere in our country now. The bighorn sheep, rarest
and wildest of our big game animals, still lives its old life there. The
wise and busy beaver builds its dams as it always did. The antelope
still may be seen, shadowy, fleet. The two species of American deer
still thrive. Lastly, there still are to be seen some hundreds of the
noblest of all our wild animals, the bison; a herd larger now than it
was when, in the winter of 1894, the writer of these lines explored
Yellowstone Park on ski and made public the danger then existing
of the extinction of the wild bison at the hands of ruthless winter
hunters.

Who can measure the value of these native treasures? Where
else can you see them? What other country, what other printed page,
can teach you so much as a week's reading of Nature's page here?

And you can travel and live in perfect comfort! That is alm<
the most astonishing thing about Yellowstone. You can photograph
a wild bear and eat a course dinner within the same hour. You per-
haps can see the buffalo from your seat in a comfortable touring c<
You can see the Canyon and geysers and the Grand Tetons and a do;
bold mountain lakes and streams and yet sleep in as good a bed
you left at home. Literally, the world has nothing like this. Otl
parks have one attraction, several; but none has all these. And
discomfort or danger or weariness will mar your day's delights.

I know the Yellowstone — why should I not, who have seen
last corners, summer and winter? I have fought for its elk, its buff<
its trout, its wider-flung boundaries. I know it and love it all — that
is why the United States Railroad Administration asks me to write
these few words about it. So will you love it when you know
And you ought to know it. That is part of your education as
American, as well as one of your American privileges in pleasurii

Thank God, you Americans, that Yellowstone is now and
shall be — your own! Thank God that there you still can see a part
of the old West — your own West — as it was in the Beginning!

Page four

Page five

=! "

To the American People:

Uncle Sam asks you to be his guest. He has prepared for you the
choice places of this continent — places of grandeur; beauty and of
wonder. He has built roads through the deep-cut canyons and beside
happy streams, which will carry you into these places in comfort, and
has provided lodgings and food in the most distant and inaccessible
places that you might enjoy yourself and realize as little as possible
the rigors of the pioneer traveler's life. These are for you. They are
the playgrounds of the people. To see them is to make more hearty
your affection and admiration for America.

Secretary of the Interior

Yellowstone National Park

The Yellowstone is the largest and per-
haps the best known of our national
parks.

John Colter, of the Lewis and Clark
Expedition, who was in the region in
1807, was the first white man to see any
part of what is now the Park. James
Bridger and Jos. L. Meek, fur trappers,
were there in the 30's. Warren A. Ferris
saw the geysers in 1834, and wrote the
first published account of them. Captain
DeLacy explored a part of the country
in 1863. Folsom, Cook, and Peterson
were there in 1869; the Washburn-Doane
party in 1870, and Doctor Hayden in
1871-72.

Yellowstone was created a national
park by act of Congress, in 1872. The
Park proper is about 62 miles long from
north to south, 54 miles wide, and has
an area of 3,348 square miles, or 2, 1 42,270
acres. It is situated principally in north-
western Wyoming, but laps over a little
on the north and west into Montana and
Idaho. The Park is an elevated plateau
surrounded by mountains and has an

average elevation above sea level ran}
ing from 7,000 to 8,000 feet.

There is nothing in all the world lil
Yellowstone National Park. You can'
make it relative, because there is
standard of comparison; but you m<
take it for granted that it is the r<
wonderland, embracing an aggregatic
of fantastic phenomena as weird as it
wild and remarkable. It contains g<
sers, mud volcanoes, mineral spring
exquisitely colored pools, and simil<
manifestations of Nature. There
found here something like 4,000 h(
springs, large and small; 100 geysers,
and little. It has many rushing riv<
and limpid lakes, well filled with troul
It has waterfalls of great height and Ian
volume. It has dense forests, mainly of
pine, spruce, fir, and cedar. It has areas
of petrified forests with trunks standing.
A wide variety of wild flowers of brilliai
hues grow in profusion. It has cany<
of sublimity, one of which presents
unequalled spectacle of golden coloi
Its immense area affords safe refuge

Page six

An interesting bit of the Grand Canyon below Tower Falls

Page seven

Wild flowers grow in great profusion and variety almost everywhere in Yellowstone National Park

the animals of the wild. Nearly 200
different kinds of birds have been noted
here. The hotels rank with the best
resort hotels to be found anywhere.
The permanent camps offer all the enjoy-
able features of camp life, without its dis-
comforts.

Thus it will be noted that it is a mis-
take to associate Yellowstone with gey-
sers alone. While the Yellowstone gey-
sers have no counterpart in the rest of the
world, without the geysers the Yellow-
stone watershed alone, with its glowing
canyon, would be worthy of a national
park. Were there also no canyon, the
scenic wilderness and its incomparable
wealth of wild animal life would be wor-
thy of the national park. The person-
ality of the Yellowstone is threefold.
The hot-water manifestations are worth
minute examination, the canyon a con-
templative visit, the park a summer.
Dunraven Pass, Mount Washburn, the
Grand Canyon at Tower Falls, and other
interesting points are not extensively
known, but should be seen by every
visitor to the Park.

A bill providing for the addition to

Yellowstone Park of an area of 1,1
square miles, south of and adjoining tl
Park, is pending in Congress. This
tension will include the craggy, serrate
granite peaks of the Teton Range, Jacl
son Lake, all of the rugged scenic lam
north of the Buffalo Fork of the Snal
River, including the valleys of Pilgrii
and Pacific creeks to Two Ocean Pas
also the canyons, lakes, and forests of tl
Upper Yellowstone and the Thorofai
Basin. The inclusion of this territor
will give Yellowstone a stupendous e?
hibit of mountain scenery, which is coi
parable to the finest in the world. Tl
amazing Teton Mountains are, from th<
nature, a part of the Yellowstone NJ
tional Park, whose gamut of majesti<
scenery they complete. Already Yellow-
stone visitors have claimed it and auto-
mobile stages operate to Moran on Jack-
son Lake.

As a place for one to spend as man]
weeks as may be possible during th<
heated months, no spot in this count
excels Yellowstone. Its elevation
sea level — an average of 7,500 feet — il
location in the heart of the Americai

/' a i- c eight

Rockies amid some of the earth's most
inspiring scenery, combined with the
extreme purity of the atmosphere, the
tonic and exhilarating effect of the moun-
tain climate, the fine character of the
hotels arid camps, the good roads and
trails affording the most interesting horse-
back rides, the excellent trout fishing,
the mountain climbing, the weird scenery,
the wild animals — all make up the ensem-
ble of an ideal vacation experience. The
Park is absolutely unique and original;
to see it once means a desire to see it
again. It grows on one, and many
revisit it year after year. Remember
Yellowstone National Park is yours.

An Invigorating Climate

The elevation, together with the corre-
sponding equable temperatures, the pure
waters, and the health-laden breezes from
the pine forests, is sufficient explanation
of the Park's nearly perfect climate.
During the tourist season the mean aver-
age temperatures range from 54° to 64°,
with a maximum of 88°. The air is pure
and bracing.

With days that are comfortable and
sunshiny, but never hot and oppressive,
inviting opportunity for every kind of
healthful recreation; with nights that
are always cool, conducive to sound sleep,
nothing is wanting to make a week, a
month, or a season here everything that
an outing should be. Those who spend
any considerable time in the Park and
engage in fishing, hiking or horseback
riding, motoring or boating, will receive
big "dividends" in health.

Where The Geysert Gush

Nature has lavished her gifts on the
region of the Yellowstone. Here are wild
woodland, crystal rivers, gorgeous can-
yons, and sparkling cascades; but of all
its wonders none is so unusual, so start-
ling, so weird, as the geysers. Once
seen, the memory and mystery of them
will forever linger. The Yellowstone
geysers are renowned the world over, be-
cause of their size, power, number, and
variety of action.

The more prominent geysers are con-
fined to three basins, lying near each

Copyright by Haynes, St. Paul
Punch Bowl Spring — One of a myriad of hot springs, pools and geysers, which fill the Upper Geyser Basin

other in the middle west zone. Other
hot water manifestations occur in all
parts of the Park. Marvelously col-
ored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and
other strange phenomena are frequent.
The geysers exhibit a large variety
of character and action. Some, like
Old Faithful, spout at regular inter-
vals; some of the other large ones play at
irregular intervals of days, weeks, or
months; some small ones play every few
minutes. Some burst upward with im-
mense power; others hurl streams at
angles or bubble and foam.

Yellowstone has more geysers than all
the rest of the world. Some are literal
volcanoes of water. To translate this
into volume we will use Old Faithful as
an example. According to observations
made by the United States Geological
Survey, this most famous of all geysers
hurls in the air every sixty-five or seventy
minutes a million and a half gallons of
water, or 33,225,000 gallons a day. This
would supply a city of 300,000 inhabi-
tants.

The most important geysers and springs
are listed below (based upon observations,
season 1917):

Upper Basin

Morris Basin

NAME

Height of
Eruption
in Feet

Length of
Eruption

Intervals
Between
Eruptions

Artemisia
Bee Hive
Castle
Cub

50
200
50-75
60

10 to 15 min'
6 to 8 min.
30 min.
8 min.

24 to 20 hrs.
Several hrs.
24 t. 26 hrs.
Daily

Fan
Giant
Giantess
Grand
Grotto

25
200-250
150-200
200
20-30

10 min.
1 hour
12 to 36 hrs.
40 to 60 min.
Varies

Irregular
6 to 14 'days
5 to 40 days
1 to 4 days
2 to 5 hrs.

^rel

5-20
50-60

1 min.
2 to 4 min.

5 min.
2 to 7 times

Lioness
Mortar
Oblong
Old Faithful
Riverside

80-100
30
20-40
120-170
80-100

10 min.
4 to 6 min.
3 min.
4 min.
15 min.

daily
Irregular
Irregular
8 to 1 2 hrs.
65to70min.
8 hrs.

Sawmill ..
Spasmodic
Turban

20-35
20-40

1 to 2 hrs.
2 min.
20 min.

Twice a day
2 to 3 hrs.
Irregular

NAME

Height of
Eruption
in Feet

Length of
Eruption

Intervals
Between
Eruptions

Constant
Congress Pool . . .

Echinus

15-35
Large boiling
30
Beautiful ho
10-15
8-15

100-125
6-25
60

5 to 15 sec.
spring
3 min.
springs

I rregular
40 to 45 min.

Continuous
1 to 3 min. —
at times
Irregular
2 to 5 min.
Irregular

Emerald Pool . . .

Minute Man ....

j 5 to 30 sec.

6 min.
1 to 4 min.
1 5 to 60 min.

New Crater
Valentine

NAME

Jlack Warrior .

White Dome

Clepsydra

Great Fountain . .
Mammoth Paint

Pots

Prismatic Lake . .
Turquoise

Lower Basin

_ »t of
Eruption
in Feet
:ew feet

10-40
75-100

Length of
Eruption

1 min.
Short
45 to 50 min.

nterval

Between

Eruptic

Continuous

40to60min.

3 min.

8 to I I hrs.

Basin of boiling clay
Remarkable coloring
100 feet in diameter

The Lone Star Geyser, just off the r<
from Upper Basin to Thumb, has one
the most beautiful cones. It plays sixty
feet in the air for ten minutes, at intervals
of forty minutes.

Grand Canyon and Great Falls oi
the Yellowstone

The glories of the Great Falls and th<
beauty of the Grand Canyon rival the
geysers in interest.

The canyon is vast. A cross-section ii
the largest part measures 2,000 feet at tl
top and 200 feet at the bottom, wil
1 ,200 feet of depth. The Upper Fall
109 feet, the Lower or Great Fall,
feet in height. The canyon and Low<
Fall — a composite picture — are seen
the best advantage from Artist Foil
and Inspiration Point.

The following quotations describe
well as words can this awe-inspirm{
wonder:

Lieut. G. C. Doane, U. S. A., in charj
of the military escort of the Washbui
government expedition of 1870, wrote:

"There are perhaps other canyoi
longer and deeper than this one, bv
surely none combining such grandeur ai
immensity and peculiarity of formatior
and profusion of volcanic or chemical
phenomena. The combinations of me-
tallic lustres in the coloring of walls are
truly wonderful, surpassing, doubtless,
anything of the kind on the face of
globe."

Page ten

Photo by Haynes, St. Paul

There are Geyaen and Geyaera — some smaller, aome larger, but none so popular aa Old Faithful — Never failing,
always on time, it perform* about every seventy minute*

Old Faithful Inn — A most unique hotel in a most unique region — near Old Faithful Geyser, overlooking the

Upper Geyser Basin

Rudyard Kipling wrote: "All that
I can say is that without warning or
preparation I looked into a gulf 1,700 feet
deep, with eagles and fish-hawks circling
far below. And the sides of that gulf
were one wild welter of color — crimson,
emerald, cobalt, ochre, amber, honey
splashed with port wine, snow-white,
vermilion, lemon, and silver-grey in wide
washes. The sides did not fall sheer, but
were graven by time and water and air
into monstrous heads of kings, dead chiefs
— men and women of the old time. So
far below that no sound of strife could
reach us, the Yellowstone River ran, a
finger-wide strip of jade green. The sun-
light took those wondrous walls and gave
fresh hues to those that Nature had
already laid there.

"Evening crept through the pines that
shadowed us, but the full glory of the
day flamed in that canyon as we went
out very cautiously to a jutting piece of
rock — blood-red or pink it was — that
hung the deepest deeps of all."

The famous artist Moran said: "Itc

beautiful tints are beyond the reach
human art." And General Sherm?
referring to Moran's painting of the
yon, added: "The painting by Moran
the Capitol is good, but painting ai
words are unequal to the subject."

Folsom, connected with the private
expedition of '69, and who first wrote
the canyon, said: " Language is entire
inadequate to convey a just conceptic
of the awful grandeur and sublimity

this most beautiful of Nature's han<

k»t
.

The Terraced Mammoth Hot Sprii

At Mammoth Hot Springs, in the nort
of the Park, hot waters heavily char$
with lime have built up tier upon tier
white terraces which the algae-lad(
waters color faint tints of red, yellow,
blue, and pink. Each terrace carries
basins, elaborately carved and frett<
which, when their springs run di
merge into the great hills of white foi
tion, while new basins form upon tl
edges. These terraces engulf trees. Th<
form an astonishing spectacle.

Page twelve

Pulpit, Jupiter, Cleopatra, and Hymen
terraces, Orange Spring, the White Ele-
phant, Angel Terrace, and the Devil's
Kitchen are the most important attrac-
tions. Liberty Cap, a monument-like
shaft, was once embodied in a terrace;
because it was of harder rock-like mate-
rial, the erosion which washed away its
surrounding formation has left it stand-
ing. A similar but smaller shaft near-by
is known as the Giant's Thumb.

There are rides, walks, and drives about
the springs. The mouth of Boiling
River, and the canyon and Osprey Fall
of the Middle Gardiner River behind
Bunsen Peak, are all within walking dis-
tance; they also can be reached by horse-
back or by auto.

The general panorama at Mammoth
Hot Springs is one of the most strik-
ing in the Park. The steaming, tinted
terraces and Fort Yellowstone near-by;
the long, palisaded escarpment of Mount
Everts to the east; the dominating pres-
ence of Bunsen Peak to the south, with
the Gardiner Canyon and the distant
elevations of the Mount Washburn

group; the rugged slopes of Terrace
Mountain to the west, and the distant
peaks of the Snowy Range to the north —
all together form a surrounding landscape
of wonderful beauty and contrast.

A Wild Animal Refuge

The Yellowstone National Park is per-
haps the largest and certainly the most
successful wild-animal refuge in the
world. For this reason it offers an excep-
tional field for nature study.

The increase in the number of wild
animals in the Park is very noticeable:
this because of the careful protection
afforded them. Hunting is prohibited,
except with a camera, and this is encour-
aged. Besides many bears and buffaloes,
there are antelope, mountain sheep,
whitetail and mule deer, and more than
30,000 elk. These animals are harmless
when no attempt is made to annoy or
interfere with them. They may not
always be seen by the visitors in
the automobiles which travel the main
highways daily during the season, but
the quiet watcher on the near-by trails

The Lounge, a distinctive feature of the beautiful Grand Canyon Motel

Page thirteen

A picturesque spot on the auto road at Gibbon Falls

may often see deer and bear and elk
and antelope, and he may even see
mountain sheep, moose, and buffalo by
journeying on foot or by horseback into
their retreats.

The summer season in the Park is the
vacation period for bears. Morning and
evening a few of the many bears in the
Park frequent the vicinity of the hotels
and camps and wax fat and sleek upon
food the hotels throw away. Watching
these bears feed is one of the early even-
ing diversions. Occasionally a grizzly
may be seen among them.

Only twenty-five buffalo had been left
by hunters when protection laws were
passed in 1896. These have increased
now to nearly 400. They are in two
herds. The larger, miscalled the "tame
herd," because it is somewhat under con-
trol by the rangers, lives in the upper
Lamar Valley, where visitors may easily
find it. Approach is over a good
motor road. During the summer tourist
season, a few of these are driven into
pasture at Mammoth Hot Springs so as
to be visible to the tourists. The so-

called wild herd roams the wilderness
round about Yellowstone Lake.

There are many moose around the
southeast arm of Yellowstone Lake and
on Hell-roaring Creek, and they are in-
creasing in number. Occasionally one or
more may be seen by tourists near the
main road of the Park, far from their
favorite haunts.

The beaver, once so important a part
of animal life in the West, are also rapidly
increasing. Almost every stream shows
signs of their presence. Near Tower
Falls there are several colonies; the ponds
are easily seen by tourists who visit the
locality. There are also some beside
the Tower Fall road, near Mammoth Hot
Springs, just south of the crossing of
Lava Creek.

Of birds there are between 1 50 and 200
species — geese, ducks, pelicans, gulls,
eagles, hawks, owls, night hawks, ravens,
Rocky Mountain jays, tanagers, blue-
birds, water ouzels, blackbirds, meadow
larks, robins, and others.

Pail f our tt t n

Excursions On Yellowstone Lake

Yellowstone Lake is a large sheet of
water, of irregular form, its shores heavily
wooded and indented. It is of moderate
depth and twenty miles across. The Ab-
saroka Range of snow-capped mountains
rises from its edge to altitudes of 1 0,000 to
1 1 ,000 feet. On the shore of the lake at
the West Arm, there are highly colored
paint pots and many hot pools. From
the lake the mountain scenery of the
Park is seen to exceptional advantage.
There are attractive camping and outing
spots on the borders of Yellowstone Lake
and in the neighboring mountains. Nu-
merous motor boat trips may be made by
arranging with the boat company at
Lake Outlet. Among these are trips to
the southeast arm of the lake, where one
may see the pelicans on Molly Island; a
trip to the south arm of the lake, also to
Flat Mountain Arm, and another one to
Steamboat Point. An equipment of new,
small motor boats is available for these
excursions. Rates for rowboats are
$2.00 a day; 50 cents an hour. Row-
boats equipped with motors, $7.50 a

day; first hour, $3.00; each additional
hour, $1.25.

Near the Lake Outlet, the Government
has constructed a sub-fish hatchery that
adds interest to the locality.

Well Stocked Fishing Grounds

In 1889 the United States Fish Com-
mission began the distribution of fish in
the Park waters. In recent years there
has been an annual distribution aggre-
gating hundreds of thousands of trout,
so that most of the lakes and streams in
which fish can thrive are now stocked
with one or more varieties. Something
like 10,000,000 young fish have been
placed in Park \vaters. These comprise
grayling and Rocky Mountain whitefish;
black spotted or native trout; rainbow,
Loch Leven, lake, eastern brook, and
Von Behr or brown trout.

Practically all the waters within easy
distance of the Park hotels and camps
are kept well stocked with fish, and many
of the more remote streams and lakes are
even better supplied owing to their being
less visited by anglers.

Handkerchief Pot

'Nature's Laundry." near Old Faithful Inn

Page fifteen

Pagr sixteen

Page seventeen

Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel and Mount Everts, from the Painted Terrace*

Visitors who do not take their own
fishing equipment can supply themselves
at any of the hotels or camps upon pay-
ment of a small rental.

Yellowstone is a paradise for the expert
angler. Almost any of a hundred streams
can be successfully whipped by an adept,
while an amateur can catch lake trout
near the Lake Outlet. No license is
required.

Hundreds of Miles of Trails

The advent of motors in Yellowstone
National Park reduces the time formerly
required to travel between points, and
permits the tourist to spend more of
his time in viewing individual points
of interest. To fill these new needs
the National Park Service is developing
the trail system as rapidly as time
and appropriations permit. Much al-
ready has been accomplished, and several
hundred miles of trails are now available
for the horseback rider and hiker.
These trails lead into the remote scenic
sections of the Park, out to streams and
lakes teeming with fish, far away into the

foothills of the Absaroka Range where
the wild buffalo browse, and into othei
regions of strange geologic formatioi
If persons wish to travel on the
without the service of a guide, carefi
inquiries should be made at the office
the superintendent of the nearest ranj
station before starting, and the govern-
ment topographic map should be prc
cured and studied.

Saddle horses for hire are available for
guests of the hotels and camps at Mam-
moth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin,
and Grand Canyon. The rates are $3.00
a day; $1.00 first hour, 50 cents for eacl
subsequent hour. Guide with horse,
$5.00 a day.

Fossil Forests

The fossil forests cover an extensive
area in the northern part of the Park,
being especially abundant along the west
side of the Lamar River about twenty
miles above its junction with the Yellow-
stone.

The late General H. M. Chittenden,
the foremost authority on Yellowstone

P a gt eighteen

National Park, thus described these
petrified trees: "The tourist may see
upon the slopes of Specimen Ridge, side
by side, the living and the dead, the
little conifers of present growth, and the
gigantic trunks of unknown species which
flourished there eons ago. Some of the
petrifactions are perfect. Roots, bark,
parts showing incipient decay, worm
holes, leaves — all are preserved with abso-
lute fidelity. The rings of annual growth
may be counted, and these indicate for
the large trees an age of not less than
500 years. Some of the stumps are fully
ten feet in diameter. Here and there the
ponderous roots stand imbedded in the
rock face of the cliff, where erosion has
not yet undermined them. Some hollow
trees show interiors beautifully lined with
holocrystalline quartz. How long it took
each growth to reach maturity; how long
it flourished afterward before destruction;
and how long the several lava flows sus-
pended vegetable growth, are matters
largely conjectural."

A Veritable Flower Garden

The Yellowstone is the botanist's para-
dise. The whole Park is a veritable
flower garden, its coloring changing with
the advancing season. Specimens of the
most delicate lowland flowers are found
in close proximity to fields of snow.
The visitor notes the profusion of color-
ing of these natural flower gardens.

Authorities estimate that forest growth
covers fully 84 per cent, of the entire area
of the Park. In these forests are pine,
fir, balsam, spruce, cedar, poplar, and
aspen, with occasionally a dwarf maple
and a thicket of willows.

Hotels and Permanent Camps

Visitors have the choice of service at
hotels or permanent camps. All service
is under the supervision of the United
States Government and is maintained at
a high standard.

The hotels are first class. They are
electric lighted, steam heated, and other-
wise modernly equipped.

The permanent camps are in effect

Photo by Newman Traveltalks

Pulpit Terrace — Mammoth Hot Springs — one of many peculiar formations found here — noted for exquisite beauty

of coloring and variety of forms

Page nineteen

One of the several permanent camps — For years camping in comfort has been a feature

Yellowstone travel

villages of tent-houses set among the pine
trees. Each camp consists of central
service buildings and scores of cozy
sleeping tents. All hotels and permanent
camps are situated with special reference
to their convenience for sight-seeing.

The hotel and the permanent camp at
Mammoth Hot Springs are near the
colored terraces and Liberty Cap, and
across the plaza from historic Fort Yel-
lowstone; Old Faithful Inn and Old
Faithful Camp at the Upper Geyser
Basin are near Old Faithful Geyser and
other big geysers. The Grand Canyon
Hotel is on the west side of the Grand
Canyon, within easy walking distance
of the Great Fall and Inspiration Point.
The Canyon Camp is on the opposite side
of the Grand Canyon, near Artist Point.
The Tower Fall Camp faces the mouth
of Lamar River, several miles farther
north.

Old Faithful Inn, at Upper Geyser
Basin, the first hotel of its kind, has be-
come one of the most popular hotels in
the country. It is a striking structure of

logs and boulders. The rendezvous
75 feet square, and 92 feet high to the
of the roof, with balconies around thi
sides. A massive stone chimney, with
fireplace at each side and corner, or eight
fireplaces in all, is a feature of this rooi
It is steam-heated, electric-lighted, pl<
antly furnished, and thoroughly hoi
like.

Old Faithful Inn and also Old Faith
Camp are near Old Faithful Geyser; op
site, and but a trifle farther away, are t
Giantess, Lion, Bee Hive, Lioness,
Cubs geysers; down the little valley t
Castle Geyser is in plain view, and
eruptions of the Grand Geyser, and
some extent those of the Giant, Art
mesia, and Riverside geysers, can be
A particular feature of the Inn is a large
searchlight on top of the building, which
is operated every night, showing the
geysers in play and the bears feeding at
the edge of the woods, under electric light.

At the outlet of Yellowstone Lak
will be found the fine Lake Coloni
Hotel, thoroughly modern in every
respect. It has an imposing front with

it.

Page twenty

large columned porches at each end
and in the center.

The Grand Canyon Hotel is one of the
finest of resort hotels. It is 640 feet long
by 415 feet wide. A large number of
rooms have private baths. 1 1 is equipped
with elevators, cold storage and ice-mak-
ing plant, and is electric-lighted and
steam-heated. The main feature of the
hotel is the lounge. This is 1 75 feet long
by 84 feet wide; the sides are practically all
plate glass. An orchestra is maintained.

"Camping" in Yellowstone is a term
which is likely to be misleading. These
large, permanent summer camps are not
"camps" in the usual sense. They afford
all of the enjoyable features of camp life
without any of its characteristic annoy-
ances. The sleeping tents are wain-
scoted in wood to a height of four feet,
with canvas sides and roof. Each tent
has wooden doors with locks and screened
windows. The tents are heated by
wood-burning stoves and furnished with
full-size comfortable beds. The food,
wholesome, varied, and well cooked, is
served in large dining halls.

All permanent camps have large recrea-
tion pavilions, with hardwood floors, for
dancing and other amusements.

At these camps emphasis is placed on
out-of-doors entertainment. A feature
of the early evening is the camp fire — a
pyramid of burning, crackling pine logs
in the glow of which the guests sing, eat
pop corn, and participate in impromptu
entertainments.

Automobile Transportation

The Yellowstone Park Transportation
Company, under contract with the Gov-
ernment, operates a transportation line
from the Park entrances to the various
hotels, camps, and points of interest.
The standard equipment for these tours
consists of high-powered, 10-passenger
automobiles, built to fit the necessities of
Yellowstone travel; they move on regu-
lar schedules. Stop-overs, without extra
charge, may be procured from the trans-
portation company.

There are available 7-passenger autos,
with chauffeurs, for special trips. Ar-
rangements for these must be made with

Photo by Haynes, St. Paul

Cleopatra Terrace — Mammoth Hot Springs— One of the most striking of all these wonderful formations

Page twen ty-one

Fishing in the Yellowstone River — The park lakes and streams are stocked annually with trout

the transportation company. The rate
is $6.00 an hour. Service charges in the
Park are fixed by the National Park Ser-
vice, Department of the Interior.

The automobile trip through the Park
is about 150 miles of constant variety.
Each clay's journey unfolds new enjoy-
ments. The landscape changes with
amazing suddenness. Each wonder spot
seems but the prelude to something more
inspiring.

The Government has spent large sums
of money to perfect the roads; they are
sprinkled and maintained in good condi-
tion. Also within recent years it has
expended more than $2,000,000 in various
betterments. The roads to points over-
looking the Grand Canyon and to the
summit of Mount Washburn are very
popular.

Side Trips From Stop-over Places

Many short and inexpensive trips are
available from the principal stop-over
places in the Park.

One of the most delightful of these is
across the southern boundary of the Park

to the historic Jackson Lake country
celebrated as one of the most thrillm
high mountain spectacles of Americ
Motor stages leave Upper Geyser Basi
early in the day, going via the Thum
and reaching Jackson Lake early in t
afternoon. Returning, stages leave Jac
son Lake about noon and arrive at t
Thumb in time to connect with the regu
lar Park Tour automobiles. The cos
of this excursion, to holders of regula
Park tickets, is $10 for the round trip
The hotel rate at Jackson Lake is $4.
a day, and up. It is necessary to spen
one night at Jackson Lake.

From Upper Geyser Basin a trail tri
to Shoshone Geyser Basin and Lake, f
one or more days, is a pleasant diversion.
Shorter trips are walks or rides to Lone
Star Geyser or drives to Shoshone Point.

Another pleasant drive from Upper
Geyser Basin is down to the junction of
the Gibbon and Firehole rivers, to fis
for grayling.

From the Outlet at Yellowstone Lak
several pleasant excursions may be mad<
by auto to Sylvan Pass and other

;

Page tvtnty-two

points, but the lake and boating excur-
sions are the primary attractions.

One of the most interesting side trips
in the Park is made from the Grand
Canyon. This trip may be made as a
part of the regular park tour by use of
the road that passes over the top of
Mount Washburn, elevation 10,000 feet.
It can be done by automobile, horseback,
or afoot. The distance from hotel to
summit is eleven miles. One can go by
road and return by a well-worn trail
through entirely different scenes.

The view from Mount Washburn is
marvelous, and one obtains, as in no
other way, an accurate and connected
idea of the Park as a whole.

From Mammoth Hot Springs numer-
ous trips may be made. Among the
most popular are the ascents of Electric
and Bunsen peaks and Mount Everts,
and around Bunsen Peak (which includes
a view of Osprey Fall and Middle Gardi-
ner River Canyon). Trouting excursions
are many and easily made.

From Mammoth Hot Springs or the
Grand Canyon a side trip by auto or

saddle horse may be made into the north-
eastern part of the Park, passing the
Buffalo Farm and terminating at the
quaint little mining camp of Cooke City.
The town is surrounded by some of the
most imposing mountains in this section,
and radiating from it are numerous paths
which can be followed on horseback.
One may go up into the Granite Range
to Goose Lake, which lies at an altitude
of 10,000 feet, by wagon road, a distance
of about twelve miles.

From the head of Goose Lake a gradual
climb of about a mile and a half brings
one to the Grasshopper Glacier, so named
because of the fact that the remains of
grasshoppers are imbedded in the ice,
where they were caught by a snowstorm,
at some remote time, during a flight
across the pass.

From the Tower Fall region, an inter-
esting side trip by foot or horseback can
be made to the petrified trees of the Fossil
Forest.

Another trail from Cooke City follows
the wagon road to Clark's Fork and
thence to the southward over Dead In-

The fir.t tight of a real wild bear in his native wood* gives the Yellowstone visitor juat a little thrill

Page twcnly-thrtt

There are about 400 Bison in the park — The "Big Herd" on Lamar River is the largest in the world

dian Hill, through Sunlight Basin, to
Cody, where the road leads back into the
Park over Sylvan Pass to Yellowstone
Lake.

Gateways to Yellowstone
National Park

The tourist may enter the Park at
Gardiner on the north, Yellowstone sta-
tion on the west, or Cody on the east.
From the north, on the way to Gardiner,
one rides by train through scenic Para-
dise Valley and between the walls of
Yankee Jim Canyon, alongside the rush-
ing torrent of Yellowstone River, and
past Electric Peak. From the west the
train traverses a fertile agricultural
region, then enters the picturesque
Warm River Canyon and continues on
through forests, natural parks, and wood-
ed crests over the Continental Divide to
Yellowstone station. From the east it
is an auto trip from Cody by way of
Shoshone River Canyon and the big
Government Dam; thence through the
National Forest Reserve, over Absoraka
Range, and through Sylvan Pass.

When to go to the Park

Season 1919 — The first date autoi
biles will start from either Gardin<
Yellowstone or Cody, will be June 2(
and the last date automobiles will stai
from these gateways to make a complet
tour of the Park will be September I
The last date automobiles will reach ai
of the gateways, after tour of the Parl
will be September 1 9.

The Park season is a time of
year when a sojourn among the moui
tains is most healthful and pleasurable
While in the early part of the summe
there is more snow on the mountaii
and the streams carry more wat<
August and September are delightfi
months during which to make the toui
There is no time when there is the least
possibility of the streams running dry
or of the waterfalls disappearing; tl
geysers play equally well, in Septeml
or in June, and the autumnal hues
trees and foliage lend an apprecial
beauty to the scene.

twenty -four

How to Reach the Park

Automobiles of the Yellowstone Park Transportation
Company connect with railroads at Gardiner. Mont., on
the north. — Yellowstone station. Mont., on the west, and
Cody. Wyo.. on the east. — these three being the principal
gateways to the Park.

Yellowstone National Park at a Destination: —
During the Park season round-trip excursion tickets at re-
duced fares are sold at practically all stations in the United
States and Canada, to Gardiner. Yellowstone station and
Cody, as destinations. From the Middle West. East,
and South, round-trip excursion tickets may be purchased
for transportation on going trip to any of the three
Yellowstone National Park gateways, (Gardiner. Yellow-
stone station, Cody), and for transportation on the return
trip from the same or any other gateway, thus affording
passengers privilege of entering the Park at one entrance
and leaving it at the same point or any one of the other
entrances.

From many sections trips may be planned to include
visits to two or more of the following national parks in
the Rocky Mountain region: Yellowstone. Glacier. Rocky
Mountain, and Mesa Verde.

Coupons covering automobile transportation and
accommodations at the hotels or permanent camps
for the "five-day" tour of the Park may be included in
railroad tickets at proper additional charges, which are
the same as those in effect at the Park. The National
Park Service of the Department of the Interior, however,
recommends to the traveling public that stop-overs of as
long duration as practicable be planned at points within
the Park; that Yellowstone National Park be regarded
not alone as a region which may be glimpsed on a hurried
trip of a few days, but also as a vacation playground of
boundless opportunities for rest and recreation.

Yellowstone National Park as a side-trip — Pass-
engers wishing to visit Yellowstone National Park as a
side-trip in connection with journeys to other destinations
will find stop-over privileges available and may make

side-trips to the Park from Livingston, Mont.. Pocatello
Ida.. Ogden. Utah. Salt Lake City. Utah, or Frannie.
Wyo.. which are stop-over points on both one-way and
round-trip tickets, or from Billings, Mont., or Buttc.
Mont., which are stop-over points on round-trip tickets.

Cost of the Park "Five-Day" Tour from
Gardiner, Yellowstone or Cody

In. In. In, i- M..'.,r

I in-Ill, lin.- Motor TrniiMiKirltttniii
TrHii*i><>rliilii>n HIM! < Inly

M>-il!" lili.l Logman M.-iil- ...n-l

Atlloti-ln AtCampn Ixxiuiin Kilrn
For adults, and children

12 years old and over. . $52 00 $4300 $2500
For children 8 years old

and under 12 years.. .. 39.50 21.50 1250

For children 5 years old

and under 8 years 2600 21.50 12.50

The above charges are not subject to war revenue tax.

Longer time than is provided by the regular five-day tour
may be spent at the various stop-over points, if desired.
For such additional time, meals and lodging are charged
for at the rate of $6.00 a day at the hotels and $4.00 a
day. or $24.00 a week and up, at the camps. Childrens'
tickets for hotel or camp accommodations are sold in
Park only.

Tickets, including meals and lodging in the Park, entitle
holders to accommodations to the value of $6.00 a day
at hotels, American plan. Rates for especially well located
rooms (including rooms with bath) $7.00 to $10.00 a day,
American plan. Persons desiring such accommodations
pay the difference at each hotel.

General Information

Detailed information about fares or train service to and
from Yellowstone National Park as well as all other.
National Parks may be obtained from any Railroad ticket
agent, or by writing to Bureau of Service, National Parks
and Monuments, or Travel Bureau — Western Lines. 646
Transportation Building, Chicago. 111.

Antelope are much less numerous than the Elk and Deer in the Park, yet about 350 of these beautiful creatures

have teen seen in one day

Page twent \ -

A novel bit of roadway at Sylvan Pass

Women Tourists

Fully sixty per cent of the park visitors are women and
a large percentage of them travel unescorted. There are
competent women attendants at the hotels and camps
whose special duty is to look after the welfare of women
and see that they are made comfortable and that their
trips are enjoyable ones.

Mail and Telegrams

Mail and telegrams should be addressed to the gateway
at which the addressee will leave the park, as follows:
At Gardiner, Montana, or Yellowstone station, Idaho, in
care of the Yellowstone Hotel Company or Yellowstone
Camping Company (whichever patronized); at Cody,
Wyoming, in care of Yellowstone Park Transportation Co.

What to Wear

Warm clothing should be worn, and one should be
prepared for the sudden changes of temperature common
at an altitude of 7,500 feet. Men should have medium
weight overcoats and sweaters, and women should have
coats, jackets or sweaters. Linen dusters are essential;
they may be purchased in the Park. Stout shoes should
be worn, as they are best suited for walking about the
geysers and terraces, and for mountain use. Tinted glasses
and serviceable gloves should be a part of the traveler's
outfit, and a pair of field or opera glasses will be found
useful.

Baggage

The Yellowstone Park Transportation Company will
carry free not to exceed twenty-five pounds of hand
baggage for each passenger. Trunks cannot be transported
in the automobiles. Tourists contemplating a prolonged
trip through the Park can make arrangements with
representatives of the Transportation Company at any
of the gateways for the transportation of trunks.

Storage charges for baggage will be waived by the
interested railroads at Livingston. Gardiner. Yellowstone
station. Pocatello, Idaho Falls. Ogden. Salt Lake City.
Cody. Frannie or Billings, or at Butte. for actual length

of time consumed by passengers in making the Park trip
Baggage may be checked to station via which passeng*
enter the Park, i. e., Gardiner, Yellowstone or Cc
Passengers entering the Park via one station and leaving
another station will find certain regulations for free checl
of baggage to station via which they leave the Park.

Bring Your Camera

Nowhere will you find greater opportunities to
good use of your camera than in Yellowstone. Huntir
with gun is prohibited, but visitors are allowed to "si
as often as they desire with cameras and the field
unlimited. Photographic supplies can be obtained at
hotels and camps.

Bath House

A bathing pool is maintained at Upper Geyser
Rates, 50 cents in large pool; $1.00 in private pool.

Medical Facilities

A resident physician is stationed at Mammoth
Springs, and each hotel and camp has a trained nur
and a dispensary.

Park Administration
Yellowstone National Park is under the jurisdiction
the Director. National Park Service. Department of
Interior. Washington. D. C. The Park Superintendent
located at Mammoth Hot Springs. Yellowstone Natic
Park. Wyo.

Personally Conducted Saddle and Pack Trips
the Beaten Paths

A most enjoyable way of seeing Yellowstone National
Park is to join an all-expense horseback camping party
conducted by experienced guides authorized by the Gov-
ernment to personally escort such excursions.

The names and addresses of the licensees and
information concerning these "Roughing-it-in-
trips. may be obtained from National Park Servic
Department of the Interior. Washington. D. C.; or a;
to Manager. Bureau of Service, National Parks and Me
ments. or Travel Bureau — Western Lines. 646 Transport
tion Building. Chicago. 111.

P. a ge twenty-six

Time of Departure and Arrival of the Auto-
mobiles at Gardiner, Yellowstone and
Cody railroad stations, for the
regular "five-day" tour.

In and Out Via Gardiner

Leave Gardiner 11.30 a.m., via Mammoth
Hot Springs, Norris Geyser Basin, Upper Geyser
Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, and
Tower Falls; arriving Gardiner 7.00 p. m., fifth
day.

Mammoth Mot Springs

From Gardiner St<i.

YI-MO* stout

1 nki

From GarJiner Sta.

Mammoth Mot Springs

Norris Gi> set

I ..«. i Tails

Upper (U\ si

In Gardiner, Out Cody

Leave Gardiner, 11.30 a.m., via Mammoth
Hot Springs, Norris Geyser Basin, Upper Geyser
Basin, Yellowstone Lake, and Grand Canyon,
(side trip to Dunraven Pass) arriving Cody
6.00 p.m., fifth day.

Upper Geyser Basin

In Gardiner, Out Yellowstone

Leave Gardiner 1 1 .30 a.m., via Mammoth
Hot Springs, Norris Geyser Basin, Upper Geyser
Basin. Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, (side
trip to Dunraven Pass) arriving Yellowstone
5.30 p.m., fifth day.

Mammoth Hot Springs

Norris Geyser

From Gardiner Stu.

Dunraven Pans
Grand Canyon

Upper Geyser Ba

To Cody Sta.

Haynes, St. Paul

Entering the Park through the canyon of the Shoshone River

Page tw ent y -s even

Photo by Newman Traveltalks

Mt. Moran and Jackson Lake — Awe-inspiring in their grandeur and beauty

In Yellowstone, Out Yellowstone

Leave Yellowstone, 9.00 a.m., via Upper Geyser
Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Tower
Falls, Mammoth Hot Springs, Norris Geyser
Basin, arriving Yellowstone 5.30 p.m., fifth day.

In Yellowstone, Out Cody

Leave Yellowstone, 9.00 a.m., via Upper Geyj
Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, To\
Falls, Mammoth Hot Springs, Norris Geyi
Basin, and Grand Canyon, arriving Cody 6.
p.m., fifth day.

Mammoth Hot Springs

Tower Falls

Dunraven Pass
rand Canyon

Yellowstone
Lake

Tower Falls

Dunraven Pass
Grand Canyon

Upper Geyser Basin

In Yellowstone, Out Gardiner

Leave Yellowstone, 9.00 a.m., via Upper Geyser
Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Tower
Falls, Mammoth Hot Springs, arriving Gardiner
7.00 p.m., fifth day.

To Cody Sta.

Yellowstone
Lake

Upper Geyser .Basin

In Cody, Out Cody

Leave Cody, 8.00 a.m., via Grand Cany<
Tower Falls, Mammoth Hot Springs, Noi
Geyser Basin, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstt
Lake, and Grand Canyon, arriving Cody 6.(
p.m., fifth day.

To Gardiner Sta.

Mammoth Hot Spring

Mammoth Hot Springs

Norris Geyser Busln

Tower Fulls

From
'Yellowttone -^^\

Upper Geyser Basin

Page twenty-eight

Upper Geyuer Basin

Norris Geyser Basin bubbles and hisses and steams like a great manufacturing district

In Cody, Out Yellowstone

In Cody, Out Gardiner

Leave Cody, 8.00 a.m., via Grand Canyon,
Norris Geyser Basin, Upper Geyser Basin,
Yellowstone Lake. Grand Canyon, Tower Falls. Leave Cody. 8-°° a-m- via Grand Canyon.

and Mammoth Hot Springs, arriving Gardiner Tower Falls, Mammoth Hot Springs, Norris

7.00 p.m., fifth day.

Mammoth Hot Springs

Geyser Basin, and Upper Geyser Basin, arriving
Yellowstone 5.30 p.m., fifth day.

.Mammoth Hot Springs ,

Tower Falls

Tower Palls

Photo by Haynes, St. Paul

Jackson Lake and the Teton Range are near the southern entrance to the Park, and are in the

proposed new addition

Page twenl y-nine

Touring the Park on horseback is becoming more and more popular, because of the development of several

hundred miles of trails

U. S. Government Publications

Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Ar-
nold Hague, 24 pages, 10 illustrations, 10 cents.

Geysers, by Walter Harvey Weed. 32 pages. 23 illustra-
tions, 10 cents.

Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H.
Knowlton. 32 pages. 15 illustrations. 10 cents.

Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. C. Kendall
28 pages, 1 7 illustrations. 5 cents.

Panoramic view of Yellowstone National Park; 18 by 21
inches, 25 cents.

The National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard.
260 pages, 270 Illustrations descriptive of nine national
parks. Pamphlet edition, 35 cents; book edition,
55 cents.

The following may be obtained from the
Director of the Geological Survey, Washington,
D. C., at price given.

Map of Yellowstone National Park. 32 by 36 inches.
25 cents.

The following publications may be obtained
free on written application to the Director of
the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.,
or by personal application to the office of the
superintendent of the Park:
Circular of general information regarding Yellowstone

National Park.

Map showing location of National Parks and Monur

and railroad routes thereto.
Glimpses of Our National Parks, 48 pages illustrated.

U. S. R. R. Administration Publications

The following publications may be obtained
free on application to any consolidated ticket
office; or apply to the Bureau of Service,
National Parks and Monuments, or Travel
Bureau — Western Lines; 646 Transportal
Building, Chicago, Illinois.

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies

California for the Tourist

Colorado and Utah Rockies

Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

Glacier National Park, Montana

Grand Canyon National Park. Arizona

Hawaii National Park. Hawaiian Islands

Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas

Mesa Verde National Park. Colorado

Mount Rainier National Park, Washington

Northern Lakes — Wisconsin, Minnesota, Upper Michi

Iowa and Illinois,
Pacific Northwest and Alaska
Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona
Rocky Mountain National Park. Colorado
Sequoia and General Grant National Parks, California.
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Montana,
Yosemite National Park, California
Zion National Monument. Utah

Page thirty

THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

The National Parks at a Glance

United States Railroad Administration

Director General of Railroads

For particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc., apply to any Railroad Ticket Agent, or to any
of the following Consolidated Ticket Offices:

West

Beaumont, Tex., Orleans and Pearl Sts. j Lincoln. Neb ....

Bremerton. Wash 224 Front St. Little Rock. Ark .

Butte. Mont 2 N. Main St. Long Beach. Cal . L. A. & S. L. Station

Los Angeles, Cal

Milwaukee, Wis.

Chicago. Ill 1 75 W. Jackson Blvd.

Colorado Springs, Colo.

119E. Pike's Peak Ave.

Dallas. Tex 112-114 Field St.

Denver. Colo 601 17th St.

Des Moines. Iowa 403 Walnut St.

Duluth. Minn 334 W. Superior St.

El Paso. Tex .... Mills and Oregon Sts.

Ft. Worth. Tex 702 Houston St.

Fresno, Cal J and Fresno Sts.

Galveston. Tex . .21st and Market Sts.

Helena. Mont 58 S. Main St.

Houston. Tex 904 Texas Ave.

Kansas City. Mo.

21 5 S. Broadway
99 Wisconsin St.

Minneapolis. Minn. 202 Sixth St. South
Oakland. Cal.. 13th St. and Broadway
Ocean Park. Cal ........ 160 Pier Ave.

Oklahoma City. Okla.

131 W. Grand Ave.
Omaha. Neb .......... 1416 Dodge St.

Peoria, 111 . . .Jefferson and Liberty Sts.
Phoenix, Ariz.

Adams St. and Central Ave.
Portland. Ore. .3d and Washington Sts.
Pueblo. Colo. .. .401-3 N. Union Ave.

St. Joseph. Mo ........ 505 Francis St.

104 N. 13th St. I St. Paul, Minn. . .4th and Jackson Sts.

.202 W. 2d St.. Sacramento, Cal 801 K St.

Salt Lake City. Utah.

Main and S. Temple Sts.
San Antonio, Texas.

315-17 N. St. Mary's St.

San Diego. Cal 300 Broadway

San Francisco, Cal.

Lick Bldg.. Post St. and Lick Place
San Jose, Cal. 1 st and San Fernando Sts.

Seattle. Wash 714-16 2d Ave.

Shreveport, La. . Milam and Market Sts.

Sioux City. Iowa 5 10 4th St.

Spokane. Wash.

Davenport Hotel. 815 Sprague Ave.
Tacoma, Wash. ..1117-19 Pacific Ave.
Waco, Texas. . . .6th and Franklin Sts.
Whittier. Cal L. A. & S. L. Station

Ry. Ex. Bldg.

. 7th and Walnut Sts.

St. Louis Mo... . 318-328 N. Broadway

Winnipeg, Man. .

. . . 226 Portage Ave.

East

Annapolis. Md. .

. . . 54 Maryland Ave.

Detroit. Mich.. . 13 W. LaFayette Ave.

Philadelphia. Pa.

..1539 Chestnut St.

Atlantic City. N.

J...1301 Pacific Ave.

Evansville. Ind. . .L. & N. R. R. Bldg.

Pittsburgh, Pa . . .

. . . .Arcade Building

Baltimore, Md . .

.B. &0. R. R. Bldg.

Grand Rapids. Mich 125 Pearl St.

Reading. Pa

16 N. Fifth St.

Boston, Mass . . .
Brooklyn. N. Y .
Buffalo. N. Y. M
Cincinnati, Ohio .

67 Franklin St.
336 Fulton St.
ain and Division Sts.
. 6th and Main Sts.

Indianapolis. Ind. 1 1 2- 1 4 English Block
Newark. N. J. Clinton and Beaver Sts.
New York. N. Y 64 Broadway

Rochester. N. Y. .
Syracuse, N. Y . . .
Toledo. Ohio

20 State St.
. . . University Block
. . 320 Madison Ave.

Cleveland. Ohio.

. . 1004 Prospect Ave.

New York. N. Y 57 Chambers St.

Washington. D. C

. . .1229 FSt. N. W.

Columbus, Ohio .

70 East Gay St.

New York. N. Y 31 W. 32d St.

Williamsport. Pa.

. . .4th and Pine Sts.

Dayton. Ohio . . .

....19S. LudlowSt.

New York. N. Y 1 14 W. 42d St.

Wilmington. Del.

905 Market St.

South

Asheville. N. C.

14 S Polk Square

Knoxville, Tenn 600 Gay St.

Paducah Ky

430 Broadway

Atlanta, Ga

74 Peachtree St.

Lexington, Ky Union Station

Pensacola, Fla . . . .

. . San Carlos Hotel

Augusta. Ga ....

.......811 Broad St.

Louisville, Ky .... 4th and Market Sts.

Raleigh. N. C. ..

. .305 LaFayette St.

Birmingham, Ala

2010 1st Ave.

Lynchburg. Va 722 Main St.

Richmond. Va . . .

830 E. Main St.

Charleston. S. C

Charleston Hotel

Memphis, Tenn 60 N. N'lain St.

Savannah, Ga ....

37 Bull St

Charlotte. N. C.

. . 22 S. Tryon St.

Mobile. Ala 51 S. Royal St.

Sheffield .Ala

Sheffield Hotel

Chattanooga. Tenn. . . .817 Market St.
Columbia, S. C Arcade Building
Jacksonville. Fla . . . .38 W. Bay St.

Montgomery, Ala Exchange Hotel
Nashville. Tenn. .Independent Life Bldg
New Orleans. La St. Charles Hotel

Tampa, Fla
Vicksburg, Miss. .
Winston-Salem, N

... .Hillsboro Hotel
1319 Washington St.
. C. 236 N. Main St.

For detailed information regarding National Parks and Monuments address Bureau of Service.
National Parks and Monuments: or Travel Bureau — Western Lines; 646 Transportation Bldg.,
Chicago. Page thirty-one

Season 1919

RAND MCNALLV A. Co.
CHICAOQ

The lower falls of the Ycllowston-.
Height 308 feet — In its superb setting it m a rnatvel of beauty

YOSEMITE

National Par

MIA.

UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION

N AT I O N A L

IHIIIIIII8llfflliailillBft{>l8^«

Glacier Point. Yosemite Valley. The Half Dome in background

An Appreciation of

Yosemite National Park

By HARRIET MONROE, Editor of "Poetry, a Magazine of Verse"

Wriilrn Especially for the United Stales Railroad Admiiiisiniiinii

WICE and each time through an entire July -I have
tramped with the California Sierra Club through the
grandest areas of the Yosemite National Park. I have
camped in the Valley, in Tuolumne Meadows, and in the
lost Hetch-Hetchy — sleeping to the sound of rushing waters
with mountains towering around me. I have crossed Vogelsang Pass
when the mountain hemlocks were just slipping off their wet mantles of
snow; I have descended the formidable Tuolumne Canyon past the third
fall ; and under Mount Dana I have looked down over the red rocks of
Bloody Canyon to Lake Mono, lying incredibly blue among the pink
and lilac craters of dead volcanoes.

My memories of this prismatically shattered earth are sharp in details
of beauty, but all of them rise against white granite and falling waters.
Never anywhere else can there be mountains so silver-white — El Capitan
shouldering the sky, Cloud's Rest and the two great Domes giving back
the sun, and Ritter, Lyell and Dana, fierce and jagged, guarding their
inscrutable heights. And through the crevices of this gleaming granite
run everywhere crystal streams — streams mad with joy that foam as
they fly, and shout as they take enormous leaps over stark precipices.
All kinds of falling waters — the delicate cascades of Illilouette; the
wind-blown tulle of Bridal Veil; Nevada, lacy, white-fingered, taking
her 600-foot leap like a step in a dance; Vernal, broad-shouldered,
strong-bodied, massive, as he jumps like an athlete; and, most wonder-
ful of all, Yosemite, that Upper Yosemite Fall whose leap is 1 ,500 feet—
a tall white living figure against the formidable cliff, a figure moving
and breathing, tossing the spray from his eyes, shining tall and straight
there like a young Greek god.

Everywhere waters falling over and under and into white granite,
falling in ribbons and rivers and cataracts, ringing golden bells, booming
great guns, spraying the little flowers and the giant sequoias as they
pass. Everywhere splendor — a world gorgeous, exultant, full of color
and motion, existing for itself, for its own joy, and taking man on suffer-
ance, as it were, if he will accept its terms and be free of soul.

Page three

To the American People:

Secretary of the Interior

Yosemite National Park

N the rock-ribbed heights of
the Sierra Nevada in Cali-
fornia lies the Yosemite
National Park, 4,000
to 9,000 feet above sea level
and covering an area of 719,622 acres.
It embraces so much in Nature that is
majestic and sublime, one feels that in
the "great order of things" this realm
of enchantment was created solely for
the purpose to which it is today de-
voted— the recreation and enjoyment of
mankind.

Among our National Parks, Yosemite
is especially favored in having, close to
its two entrances, features that are
singularly attractive. One is the Yos-
emite Valley, just within the Parks'
southwestern boundary; the other, the
Mariposa Big Tree Grove, directly with-
in the southern boundary of the Park.
In either case Yosemite greets the visi-
tor with a lavish display of its natural
gifts.

Yosemite Valley is only a mile wide
by seven miles long, its portal a scant
half-mile wide, but never was the vesti-
bule to a palace decked in fashion more
alluring. The revelation of its beauties
comes so suddenly, so many unexpected
sights are disclosed in so limited an en-
closure, that visitors are amazed and
well may wonder if anything more en-
trancing can lie beyond. And so with
the Mariposa Grove. From forests of

stately pines one suddenly enters amoni
trees of an immensity bewildering
trees that in height, girth and diameter
exceed anything hitherto dreamed of.

And should the visitor go no farthe
than either of these entrances to tl
Park, he will be repaid a hundred-fol<
but beyond the narrow cliff-rimme<
confines of this valley of witchery, am
through the openings of this magic
grove, there stretches an immense regioi
that includes, in John Muir's words:

"The headwaters of the Tuolumm
and Merced rivers, two of the m<
songful streams in the world; innumei
able lakes and waterfalls and smootl
silky lawns; the noblest forests, th<
loftiest granite domes, the deepest ic<
sculptured canyons, the brightest cry*
talline pavements, and snowy moui
tains soaring into the sky twelve an<
thirteen thousand feet, arrayed in oj
ranks and spiry pinnacled groups pai
tially separated by tremendous canyoi
and amphitheaters; gardens on theii
sunny brows, avalanches thundering
down their long white slopes, cataracl
roaring gray and foaming in the crooked,
rugged gorges, and glaciers, in theii
shadowy recesses, working in silence
slowly completing their sculptures; new-
born lakes at their feet, blue and greei
free or encumbered with drifting ice
bergs like miniature Arctic Oceans
shining, sparkling, calm as stars."

Page four

The Yosemite Valley

The Yosemite Valley was discovered
to the world in 1851 by Captain John
Doling, while pursuing hostile Indians
with a detachment of mounted volun-
teers.

The Indians called it the Heart of
the Sky Mountain, or Ahwanee, "the
deep grass valley." Later the name
Yo Semite was given to the valley, its
meaning being the "great grizzly bear,"
and subsequently, when the National
Park was established, this famous name
was retained.

In spectacular waterfalls and sheer
cliffs Yosemite Valley is supreme. No-
where else have high mountain streams
found such varied and beautiful courses
to fling their waters over such lofty
cliffs and unite in a valley river. In
spring, from beneath the great snow-
mantle of the High Sierra, pour the ice
waters into the cups of the Yosemite;
and all summer, though in lessening
volume, these great reservoirs — moun-
tain lakes of crystal — continue to feed
the streams of the Park.

All of the towering rock-masses of
Yosemite are remarkable. There are
peaks grouped strangely and peaks no
less strangely isolated. There are needle-
pointed pinnacles and smooth domes
whose tops are perfect hemispheres.

Wild Flowers, Shrubs and Ferns

The floor of the valley is level meadow-
land, its grass shining like green satin,
and through it winds the Merced River.
Over the stream bend alder, willow,
flowering dogwood, balm-of-Gilead, and
other water-loving trees, and inter-
spersed with the emerald verdure of the
glades are groves of pine and groups of
stately black oak. Many and bright
are the wild flowers of Yosemite, and
with the shrubs will be counted the red-
branched manzanita, the chinquapin,
the beautiful California lilac, violets,
wild roses, the mariposa lily, goldcup
oak, the brilliant snow plant and their
kind. In cool recesses of the forest, by
river banks and in rock-seams, grow
numerous beautiful species of ferns.

Thus near the river it is pastoral and
peaceful; and yet only a few rods away,
at the foot of a tumultuous cataract,
you may hear the noise of rushing waters
hurled from the brink of precipitous
cliffs.

The First Sight of Yosemite
Its Striking Features

The first view of Yosemite Valley, a
great gash in the heart of the mountains,
is a sight to inspire reverence. From
the deep shadows of the pines, a silence-
compelling vista bursts upon the eye.

Page five

Page six

The Three Brothers

Mighty rock sentinels guard the en-
trance and beyond them towering cliffs
and verdant valley swim in a glorious
light

On the south wall shimmers the Bridal
Veil Falls. The water slips over the
great granite wall, white and ethereal.
It seems to drop its tenuous mist into
the very tree tops. The highest Euro-
pean fall is that of the Staubbach in
Switzerland, but even Bridal Veil — not
half the height of Yosemite Falls — is
higher, leaps out of a smoother channel,
has greater volume of water and is seen
in the midst of loftier precipices. The
stream is full thirty feet wide, and falls
first a distance of 620 feet, then pauses
an instant and drops a perpendicular
distance of 320 feet. But from the chief
points of view it seems to make only
one plunge and the effect is that of an
unbroken descent of over nine hundred
feet. Often the wind swings the great
column of water from the face of the
cliff and waves it like a scarf or veil.
At sunset, rainbows with an indescrib-
able radiance bejewel its foam.

Around the shoulder behind which
Bridal Veil Creek makes its way to the
brink, tower the Cathedral Rocks. They
get their name from a resemblance to
the Duomo at Florence, and rise 2,591
feet above the valley floor. Just be-

yond them are seen the Cathedral Spires,
one solitary shaft of granite uplifting
for more than seven hundred feet.

Across the narrow valley, and nearly
opposite, is El Capitan — a rock more
than twice as great as Gibraltar. It
rises 3,604 feet, with an apparently ver-
tical front. Thrust out like a buttress,
it presents to the vision an area of more
than four hundred acres of naked gran-
ite. Sublime and steadfast it stands, a
veritable "Rock of Ages." The bulk of
El Capitan is so stupendous that it
can be seen from a vantage ground
sixty miles distant.

Eagle Peak, in the Three Brothers
group, lies a little beyond El Capitan.
Its height is 3,813 feet. Sentinel Rock
faces the Three Brothers from the south
wall, a splintered granite spire, very
slender, and nearly perpendicular for
about 1,500 feet below its apex, its total
height being 3,059 feet. Back of this
natural and majestic monument stands
Sentinel Dome, its storm-worn top 4,157
feet above the valley.

Almost at the base of Sentinel Rock
is Yosemite Village, the tourist center of
the Valley, where the Sentinel Hotel,
the post-office, a few shops and studios
are grouped, directly opposite Yosemite
Falls. Across the river to the west is
Yosemite Camp. Camp Curry is a mile

Page seven

In the Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoia*

Page eight

Several good motor roads lead into the Valley

east of the village, on the road to the
Happy Isles and at the base of Glacier
Point. Details of resorts and accom-
modations in the Park will be found on
later pages.

The greatest cataract in all the Sierra
is Yosemite Falls. This vast volume of
foaming water plunges 2,350 feet —
nearly half a mile. In reality it is not
one fall, but three. The first is 1,430
feet straight down. Then comes a
series of cascades 600 feet, and a final
leap of 320 feet. The stream is about
thirty-five feet wide and when its waters
are at flood the reverberations can be
heard all over the valley. This wide-
flung fall of wind-tossed water is Yose-
mite's sublimest feature.

Across the valley the massive shoulder
of Glacier Point is thrust out from the
south wall, and, almost opposite, on the
north, stands Yosemite Point, flanked
on the east by Indian Canyon, once used
by the Indians as exit or entrance for
Yosemite.

The Royal Arches are near the head
of the valley, in the vast vertical wall
whose summit is North Dome. The
arches are recessed curves in the granite
front, very impressive because of their
size, and made by ice-action. Much of
the rock is formed in layers like the
structure of an onion, the arches being
the broken edges of these layers. Wash-

ington Column is the angle of the cliff at
this point — a tower completing the mas-
sive wall at the very head of Yosemite.

Over against it, but looking down the
valley, stands the highest rock of all the
region — the great South Dome, or Half
Dome, as it is most often called. It is
8,852 feet above sea level, or 4,892 feet
above the floor. Its massive front is
fractured vertically for about two thou-
sand feet, and the face turned outward is
polished by wind and storm — a moun-
tain apparently cleft in the center as by
some mighty giant's scimitar. The side
of the Half Dome toward the southwest
has the curve of a great helmet, so
smooth and precipitous as almost to
defy the climber. On its overhanging
rock, however, the most venturesome
have stood. From hotels and camps,
Half Dome is often seen raising its head
above the clouds.

To the northeast from here opens
Tenaya Canyon. Mirror Lake, an ex-
pansion of Tenaya Creek and lying be-
tween the North and Half Dome, is at
the entrance. When the sun creeps
over the great flank of the Half Dome,
the whole landscape is wonderfully re-
produced in this miraculous mirror, the
reflection of the sunrise being an unusual
feature. But sunrise over these colossal
cliffs is much later than the sunrise at
lower levels.

Page nine

Viev from Panorama Point along the Trail to Glacier Point. Showing the Half Dome. Liberty Cap.

Vernal Falls and Clouds' Rest

P a £ e ten

The Fallen Monarch in the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees

The Mariposa Big Tree Grove

Just within the southern boundary of
the Park, and reached from the Sentinel
Hotel and camps in the valley by a de-
lightful thirty-five mile auto drive
through timbered slopes and canyons,
and also direct from Merced by auto over
the Wawona Road, lies the Mariposa
Big Tree Grove. Here stand over six
hundred fine specimens of the Sequoia
Washmgtoniana, the famous Big Trees
which today grow only in the Sierra of
California. These are the oldest living
things. On some matured specimens,
fallen or partly burned — thus exposing
their annual wood rings — John Muir
counted upward of 4,000 years of
growth. The Mariposa Grove is the
greatest grove of these giant trees out-
side of the Sequoia National Park, and
contains the third largest tree in the
world, and also the world's tallest tree.
This is the Mark Twain, 331 feet in
height — with near-by neighbors not many
feet lower. Its largest tree is the Griz-
zly Giant, 93 feet in girth at its base,
29.6 feet in diameter, and 204 feet in
height. The first branch, 125 feet from
the ground, is six feet in diameter — -a
tree itself. Twenty-two people can
barely encompass its girth, touching
finger tips. Eighteen horses, head to
tail, just circle its base. This sequoia

was considered by John Muir a mature
tree, probably verging on old age; and
there it stands today surrounded by its
fellows of varying ages, many as old as
itself — trees that were in their prime
before the dawn of Christianity, and are
still ripening their cones and regularly
shedding their tiny seeds year after year.
The Lafayette and Washington trees
are only three or four inches less in
diameter than the Grizzly Giant; the
Columbia tree is 294 feet in height, the
Nevada is 278, while the Forest Queen-
the shortest of 27 other notable named
trees — is 219 feet in height, 17 feet in
diameter, and 53 feet in girth, at base.
The Wawona, which is 227 feet in height,
has for years had an archway in its
trunk, through which the auto road
passes; its vitality is unimpaired in spite
of this 26-foot passage cut into its heart.
The Fallen Giant, which has been lying
in the grove for centuries, its firm wood
still sound, forms a roadway upon which
a six-horse coach, loaded with passengers,
has many times been driven. These
facts may give some idea of the immen-
sity of these trees. Their true appreci-
ation is difficult; but if the Grizzly Giant
was sawed into inch boards, the tree
would box the greatest steamship ever
built, with enough boards left over to
box a flock of submarines. The beauty

Page eleven

Good trails and pleasant horseback parties add to Yosemite's delight

and symmetry of these giant conifers is no
less striking than their size; their bark
is soft and fibrous, and deeply fluted,
its bright cinnamon and purple giving
a rich coloring to their stately columns.
Just beyond the southwest corner of
the Park, six miles from the Mariposa
Grove, is the comfortable Hotel Wawona,
providing good service. The auto trip
from the Valley to the Mariposa Grove
and return takes a full day. Within the
park boundaries are also two smaller
sequoia groves, the Merced Grove, six
miles north, and the Tuolumne Grove,
fifteen miles north from El Portal, by
auto road.

The Trails to Glacier Point and Other
Vantage Points

From the Sentinel Hotel the road leads to
Happy Isles, where the Merced races in joyous
frolic. From here starts the "long trail" -twelve
miles to Glacier Point. It winds along the
bottom of a wild canyon hemmed in by titanic
walls. Panorama Point, 4,000 feet above the
river on the south side, is almost perpendicular,
and the highest continuous wall of Yosemite.
Its face is traced by miniature streams of trick-
ling water and painted by purple lichen, and per-
haps nowhere else do you feel so deeply the
geological impressiveness of the region. From
a bridge over the river, half a mile farther, you
catch a glimpse of Vernal Falls, gloriously re-
splendent in the dark canyon. The river is
nearly eighty feet wide and falls 317 feet from
granite ledge to fern-hung glen. The sparkling
waters drop like an endless stream of shooting
stars. The spray is driven outward like smoke.

and every sprig of plant and grass, moss ar
fern, is kept vividly green by this incessant baj
tism. The trail leads to the top of the Fall.

A little beyond — within a mile — is Nevada
Falls, where the same stream plunges over
precipice 594 feet high, the great snowy torrent
glancing from sloping rock about midway in
compound curve, over cliffs of polished granil
Under the bald dome of lofty Liberty Cap, wil
Mount Broderick at its back and the Half Doi
near by, Nevada Falls plunges into its abyss, tl
whole volume of the crystal Merced shattei
into a shower of shining jewels, while below-
where the river gathers its forces — banners
rainbow-tinted spray fly wide upon the wind.

The horse trail leads up the timbered side
of the gorge to the top of Vernal Falls, wher
is a natural parapet of granite from which
watch the river railing in a green and azure
mantle over the square-cut edge. The trail
thence mounts to the top of Nevada Falls wh<
another guarded vantage point, directly on tl
brink, shows the swiftly gliding stream curvii
and breaking in foam in its descent. Whei
else can two such waterfalls be so closely fol-
lowed from river-bed to rim, with their spraj
moistening the air around you? A few yar<
beyond the edge of Nevada Falls, the river is
crossed by a low bridge, built on granite out-
croppings. From here the trail turns west along
the southern side of the canyon, passing over
the ridge of Panorama Point, and beneath stately
pines enters the picture-gorge of Illilouette Creek,
its falls splashing 370 feet in festoons of silver
spray. Descending to the stream, another
bridge is crossed and the trail turns sharply
north, zig-zagging up the heavily timbered
southern side of Glacier Point to its summit.
The marvelous view at every turn grows wid<
in its scope. The new and attractive Glaci<
Point Hotel stands in a grove of pine that covei
the mountain top.

Page twelve

Liberty Cap and Nevada Falls

The View from Glacier Point

Glacier Point is the most accessible and per-
haps the greatest vantage point in Yosemite.
Within a hundred yards of the hotel are the
projecting rocks which mark the Point. It is
3,234 feet from their tops to the valley floor. A
pebble dropped will touch nothing until it strikes
the talus, 3,000 feet below. The largest buildings
are dwarfed to cottages, camps are white specks,
lofty pines are mere shrubs, men and horses seem
dots on the valley floor. The view is sublime.
Sharp brinks and precipices plunge into the val-
ley on one side; into the gorge of the Illilouette
on the other. Looking down the valley to the
left, Eagle Peak juts above the rim, and Yose-
mite Falls gleams in full light; opposite are the
Royal Arches and the North Dome, and beyond
them the Basket Dome; Mirror Lake is a splash
of brightness at the entrance to the Tenaya Can-
yon, which can be traced to the northeast
through its steep walls. The great face of the
Half Dome, with the curve of its splendid helmet
in unbroken view, towers above; beyond, against
the sky, rises the bare granite of Cloud's Rest.
To the right is seen majestic Liberty Cap, while
in the distance rears the white peak of the
Obelisk, with the snowy range of Mounts Starr
King, Lyell, Clark and Dana, 13,000 feet above
the sea, seeming to swim in the azure. Below
you, Vernal and Nevada Falls sparkle in their
gorge of green.

The view beyond the valley to the north
embraces snow-capped Hoffman Peak, Tuolumne
Peak and Colby Mountain and reaches beyond
the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne and the
Hetch-Hetchy Valley — a remarkable region of the
Park recently opened by roads and trails, and
later described.

Sentinel Dome, a mile and a half south, rises
over Glacier Point a thousand feet, and can be
climbed without difficulty. From its summit

the San Joaquin Valley and the Coast Range,
nearly a hundred miles distant, are distinctly
seen. The Pohono trail from Glacier Point leads
to The Fissures, on the rim, clefts in the rock
that reach down hundreds of feet, one being only
four feet across.

From Glacier Point return can be made by
the short trail, four and a half miles to the valley
floor. It is a steep and continuous zig-zag. At
Union Point, 2,350 feet above the valley, stop
is made for a rest. Just below stands Agassiz
Column, like a balanced rock, a shaft of granite
eighty-five feet in height. Its corroded base
seems too frail to support its great bulk.

In addition to the two trails described. Glacier
Point is reached by auto-stages over the Wawona
Road to Chinquapin, there turning east and run-
ning fourteen miles to the Glacier Point Hotel.

There is also a newly constructed foot trail
leading from the valley at the base of Glacier
Point, on a natural ledge diagonally across the
face of the cliff to the top. While this trail is
steep, it is well built and safe and is less than
two miles in length.

Trail Trips to Top of Yosemite Falls,
Eagle Peak and El Capitan

Among other horse and foot trails from the
valley are those to the rim at Yosemite Point,
above Yosemite Falls. One can climb 500 feet
below to the very lip of the falls and look down
into the peaceful valley across the plunging
waters that shatter the air with their roar. Far-
ther along, the trail reaches Eagle Peak. 3,81 3 feet
above the floor, where a splendid view is had;
and the trip can be continued to the crest of
El Capitan.

Artist's Point and Inspiration Point — along
the Wawona auto road to the Mariposa Big
Tree Grove — are among the outlooks affording
vistas that are never forgotten.

Page thirteen

^•^

Nevada Fall*

fourteen

Polly Dome on the Tioga Road — Its polished sides glint in the sun

The Tioga Road and Tenaya Lake Region

The completion of the Tioga Road crossing
the Park from east to west, and connecting
with roads from Yosemite Valley, offers to Park
visitors a new auto drive through a mountain-
top paradise. Crossing the South Fork of the
Tuolumne close to the western border, the
Tioga Road runs east near the Tuolumne Grove of
Big Trees, and continues toward Harden Lake,
whence it turns south and skirts Mount
Hoffman, 10,921 feet, passing along the shore of
Tenaya Lake and winding upward amidst moun-
tain heights of striking formation. At Tenaya
Lake Lodge there is good accommodation and
service. Tuolumne Peak rises to the north,
Cathedral Peak to the south, and beyond,
through a wilderness of timbered granite slopes,
the road mounts to the Sierra's rim at Tioga
Pass, 9,941 feet, with Dana Mountain, 13,050
feet above sea level, towering 3,000 feet higher
than the road. The view to the east looks
down the precipitous wall of the Sierra into
Owens Valley, lying like an emerald 5,741 feet
below, while northward gleams Mono Lake in
turquoise blue.

Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne

Directly north of the Tioga Road and fifteen
miles from the rim of Yosemite Valley, lies the
Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne, another of
Yosemite's marvels. This great spectacle, with
the Hetch-Hetchy Valley joining it on the west,
and the miles of lake-dotted, stream-woven
slopes of the gorged Sierra still farther north,
are now open to the tourist by the improvement
of horse trails connecting with those leading
from the valley by way of Tenaya Lake, through
Soda Springs and other points on the Tioga
Road. It is a section hitherto little known
and seldom explored by any but the con-
firmed mountain-lovers of the Pacific Coast,

the Sierra Club having camped throughout this
wide domain during fifteen years of summer out-
ings. Another trail leaves the Tioga Road at
the Yosemite Creek bridge and covers eight
remarkable scenic miles to the Ten Lakes Basin,
on the south rim of the Tuolumne Canyon.

This region, and that leading to the crest of
the range along the eastern boundaries of the
Park, is the realm of the camper in the forest,
whose outing may last two weeks or a month
or more. Saddle horses and pack animals follow
winding trails by icy streams that have their
birth in everlasting snows and flow westward
through a sea of peaks, resting by the way in
snow-bordered lakes, romping through luxuriant
glades, rushing over rocky heights and swinging
in and out of the shadows of mighty mountains.
It is a summerland of sunshine where it seldom
rains.

"It is the heart of High Sierra," writes John
Muir, "8,500 to 9,000 feet above the level of
the sea. The gray, picturesque Cathedral Range
bounds it on the south; a similar range or spur,
the highest peak of which is Mount Conness. on
the north; the noble Mount Dana. Gibbs, Mam-
moth, Lyell, McClure, and others on the axis of
the range, on the east; a heaving, billowy crowd
of glacier-polished rocks and Mount Hoffman on
the west. Down through the open, sunny
meadow levels of the valley flows the Tuolumne
River, fresh and cool from its many glacial foun-
tains, the highest of which are the glaciers that
lie on the north sides of Mount Lyell and Mount
McClure."

Of the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne, Muir
wrote: "It is the cascades or sloping falls on the
main river that are the crowning glory of the
canyon, and these, in volume, extent, and var-
iety, surpass those of any other canyon in the
Sierra. The most showy and interesting of them
are mostly in the upper part of the canyon above

P a He fifteen

Yosemite Valley from Inspiration Point. Bridal Veil Falls on right.

Page sixteen

the Tioga Road. Mirror Lake, showing reflection of the Half Dome.

Page seventeen

/ Price Peak

/ 10916 ft. ^

•>»># /y> //' ^^t^^JX/^T.K

^f,../'' Jo;^'TuoLuwy^/; 5X

?7"~^»»^ ii -^^ :#'%„-,' , «. X^fSt. .it*. C^TO . /

1 /Tioga Pass

* ' 9941 II

Lake

fuolumn

10875 ft..=

fivlt. Hoffmann

GROVE

OF
BIG TREES

EL PORTAL

..' -/«

r**» <" -«>* „

^ ;

/ /

POINT ^^.
'HOTEL -^

Dana Mt)

.1^3050 (t.>

/O^X ''Cathedral PelT *\ \\{

? yrr .^ .1 °9!8 fu • %^S> i x >

*\ Kuna J*
S\ Peak|C
* »»* Vv 12951 It. •

TEN\YA LAKE
LbDGE

.Parsons

\ ^Peak ,V

/ 12120 ft. \

LODGE / ,

^Mt.Lyell

13090

•n Lake

n /

£K^

jj« \Chinquapiry V

kw^ftl

'^S^;

I'Nfe

Red Peak
%1 1700 It.

• ,»Buena Vista Peak J\
01 9777 It. y-^-r /

/ / r Xj

'Triple Divide Peak

11613 ft.

Sing Peak

10544 It.

WAWONA HOTEL

Devil Peak-^1

7079 It.

Chiquito Pass
8039 ft.

•MARIPOSA GROVE
OF BIG TREES

3-J

70 MERCED

70 FRESNO

YOSEM1TE
NATIONAL PARK

CALIFORNIA

Scale

2 1 0

Boundary
Automobile Roads
Trails
Railroads

CVpyrbM '>r TUn.1 McN»Hy 4 Co. 7?9o

Page eighteen

Tioga Lake in Glacier Canyon, on the Tioga Road

the point of entrance of Cathedral Creek and
Hoffman Creek. For miles the river is one
wild, exulting, on-rushing mass of snowy purple
bloom, spreading over glacial waves of granite
without any definite channel, gliding in mag-
nificent silver plumes, dashing and foaming
through huge bowlder dams, leaping high in the
air in wheel-like whirls, displaying glorious en-
thusiasm, tossing from side to side, doubling,
glinting, singing in exuberance of mountain
energy."

The Waterwheel Falls

Muir's "wheel-like whirls" are the soon-to-be-
celebrated Waterwheel Falls. Rushing down
the canyon's slanting granites under great head-
way, the river encounters shelves of rock pro-
jecting from its bottom. From these are thrown
up enormous arcs of solid water high in the air.
Some of the waterwheels rise fifty feet and span
eighty feet in the air.

The sight is extraordinary in character and
quite unequaled in beauty. Nevertheless, be-
fore the trail was built, so difficult was the going
that probably only a few hundred persons all
told had ever seen the waterwheels.

The Mountain Climax of Yosemite Park

The mountain mass, of which Mount Lyell
is the chief, lies on the southeast boundary of
the Park. It is reached by trail from Tuolumne
Meadows on the north, or from Yosemite Valley
on the south, by the trail passing Vernal and
Nevada Falls.

From the Tuolumne Meadows the trail swings
around Johnson Peak along the Lyell Fork, and
turns southward up its valley. Rafferty Peak

and Parsons Peak rear gray heads on the right,
and huge Kuna Crest borders on the left side of
the trail for miles. At the head of the valley,
beyond several immense granite shelves, rears
the mighty group with Mount Lyell, 13,090
feet, in the center, supported on the north by
McClure Mountain and on the south by Rodgers
Peak.

The way up is through a vast basin of tumbled
granite, encircled by a rampart of nine sharp,
glistening peaks and hundreds of spearlike points,
the whole cloaked in enormous sweeping shrouds
of snow. Presently the granite spurs inclose
you. And beyond these looms a mighty wall
which apparently forbids further approach to
the mountain's shrine. But another half hour
brings your climbing horse face to face with
Lyell's rugged top and shining glaciers, one of
the noblest places in America.

Merced and Washburn Lakes

The waters from the western slopes of Lyell
and McClure find their way. through many
streams and many lakelets of splendid beauty,
into two lakes which are the headwaters of
Merced River. The upper of these is Washburn
Lake, cradled in bare heights and celebrated for
its fishing. This is the formal source of the
Merced. Several miles below, the river rests
again in Merced Lake.

There is a mountain lodge with good accom-
modations and service at Merced Lake, and a
fine trail leads to the Yosemite Valley through
glacier-polished slopes.

Fishing in these waters is unusually good.

P a & e nineteen

Vernal Falls

oices is heard for mile*

Page twenty

ineling one of the giant Sequoias

Wild Animals and Fishing

The Park is a sanctuary for wild game of
every sort, firearms not being permitted. There
is an abundance of deer, bear and smaller fur
animals. The predatory mountain lion or
cougar, lynx, timber wolf, fox and coyote, are
being exterminated as rapidly as possible by
the rangers. Fishing is permitted in all waters
within the Park during the open season, under
the State laws regarding size of fish and limit.
A State fishing license is necessary and can be
obtained in Yosemite village. On many of the
lakes there are boats which can be rented.
The Park Season

While Yosemite National Park is open all the
year, and the Sentinel Hotel, in the valley, is
always open for tourists, the Mariposa Grove
and the higher elevations are inaccessible except
during the summer season, extending from May
1st to November 1st. In the spring months
the waterfalls are seen at their best, though even
late in August, when the waters have lowered,
their mist-like filmy beauty is incomparable. In
September and October Yosemite is delightful.
These are the "months of reflection," when the
exquisite autumnal colorings, and the light and
air of Indian summer, lend their charm to the
glories mirrored in mountain lakes.

Approaches to the Park

The El Portal Entrance — The approach
from Merced by rail to El Portal, the western
gateway to Yosemite Park, follows for over
seventy miles the picturesque canyon of the
Merced River — once famous for its gold-bearing
gravels, now for its speckled trout. Winding
through the foothills, the scenery each mile in-
dicates, by the increasing ruggedness of the rock
formations, a nearing to the great Sierra Range.
The pines take on a greater height, their stately
outlines appearing against a mountain back-
ground ever becoming loftier. Auto-stages

daily meet incoming trains at El Portal and from
there start on the fifteen-mile drive into the
heart of the valley, the road closely skirting,
beneath shady forests, the curves and reaches of
the turbulent, musical stream. Passing under
a rocky archway, a narrow portal towers ahead,
pinnacles and precipices crowding on either
side — a fitting introduction to the wild beauties
beyond. Arriving at Yosemite village, stop is
made at the Sentinel Hotel, Yosemite Camp and
Camp Curry.

The Wawona Entrance — At Merced, auto-
stages meet incoming trains and daily, during
the summer season, leave for the Park over the
Wawona Road. From the San Joaquin Valley
the road climbs upwards into the romantic foot-
hill country that in Forty-Nine was crowded
with gold-seekers. The scenic drive continues to
Miami Lodge, on the margin of the forest over-
looking the valley of Miami Creek. Here lunch
is had, the road beyond Miami leading through
forests that grow denser, and amid scenery in-
creasing in grandeur. Following a short detour
to the south, the road turns into the Mariposa
Grove of Big Trees — the southern gateway to the
Park. After a stop amidst the giant trees, the
trip is continued to the Wawona Hotel, seventy-
four miles from Merced. Each morning the auto-
stage starts from Wawona on the thirty-five-mile
drive through densely forested canyons to the
hotel and camps in the Yosemite Valley. The
first view of the valley is had from Inspiration
Point. At Chinquapin, fourteen miles from
Yosemite Village, a road diverges to the east
and runs the same distance to the Glacier Point
Hotel, on the summit of Glacier Point.

How to Reach Yosemite National Park

Yosemite National Park is reached the year
'round via Merced and El Portal, Cal. The
Yosemite Valley Railroad operates daily be-
tween Merced and El Portal, a distance of

Page twenty-one

Cathedral Rocks

Page twenty-two

Another of the amazing spectacles of Yosemite is the Waterwheel Falls of the Tuolumne River

seventy-eight miles, connecting with auto stages
of the Yosemite National Park Company run-
ning between El Portal and Yosemite Valley, a
distance of fourteen miles. During summer
season the Park is also reached by daily auto-
mobile service of the Yosemite Stage and Turn-
pike Co., "The Horseshoe Route," operating
between Merced and Yosemite Valley, a dis-
tance of 109 miles, via Mariposa Grove of Big
Trees and Wawona (over-night stop), with side
trip of twenty-eight miles from Chinquapin to
Glacier Point and return. Another summer
route is via El Portal and Tuolumne Big Trees,
("Triangle Route").

Round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares
are sold at certain stations in California to
Yosemite National Park as a destination. Pas-
sengers wishing to visit the Park in connection
with journeys toother destinations (while en route
between San Francisco and Los Angeles, for
example) will find stop-over privileges available
on both round-trip and one-way tickets and may
make side trip from Merced to the Park and return.

During summer season the fare from Merced
to Yosemite village via El Portal is $10 one way,
$13.50 round trip; via Mariposa Grove and
Wawona it is $14.25 in each direction, with $5
additional charge for side trip to Glacier Point.
Fare from Merced to Yosemite Valley and re-
turn, for circle tour in one direction via El
Portal, and in the opposite direction via Wawona
and Mariposa Grove, is $24.25. Fare from
Merced to Yosemite Valley and return via El
Portal, in one direction via Tuolumne Big Trees,
is $20.00.

Certain regulations are in effect for free stor-
age of baggage at Merced and other stations for
actual length of time consumed by passen-
gers in making side trip to Yosemite National
Park. On baggage checked to El Portal usual
free allowance will be made by railroads. On
baggage checked through to Yosemite village,

via El Portal, collection of $1.00 for each trunk
will be made. Automobile stage lines will carry
limited amount of hand baggage without charge.

Hotels, Camps, and Lodges
Sentinel Hotel, American plan:

Per day, each, room without bath $5 00

Per day. each, room with bath $ 6 00- 7 . 00

Exclusive use of double room by one per-
son, additional charge, per day I . 50- 3.00

Tub or shower baths in detached rooms.

each .50

Meal and lodging rates —

Breakfast I 00

Luncheon I . 25

Dinner I 50

Lodging I 25- 325

Meals served in rooms, extra .50

New Glacier Point Hotel, American plan:

Per day, each, room without bath 4.00- 4 50

Per day, each, room with bath 5.00 8.00

Exclusive use of double room by one per-
son, additional charge, per day I . 50- 3 00

Tub or shower baths .50

Meal and lodging rates:

Breakfast ... I 00

Luncheon I 00

Dinner 1 .00

Lodging I 00- 5 00

Meals served in room, extra. . 50

Camp Curry, American Plan:

Board and lodging in ordinary tents —

Per day. each 3 . 50

Per week, each 2300

Per four weeks, each 90 00

Children between 5 and 8 years, per day . 225

Between 3 and 5 years, per day

Under 3 years, per day 1.25

Guests desiring extra tent room will be

charged as follows:
Tent for four people, occupied by two

people, per day extra, each I 00

Tent tor two people, occupied by one

person, pei day extra I . 00

Extra tent rates will be applied only be-
tween June I and August I.
Meal and lodging rates:

Breakfast 75

Lunch 75

Dinner I 00

Lodging . . . . I . 00

Meals sent to tents or served out of meal

hours, extra . . .25

Page twenty-three

Agassiz Column

Page twenty-four

Hotels, Camps and Lodges -Cnntiitiml
Board and lodging in bungalow tents, in-
cluding bath:

Per day, each $ S 0!) $ 6 00

Per week, each . 33.00 400(1

Per four weeks, each I .' > 00 I 50 00

Tub or shower baths, each . .... .35

3 tickets for I 00

5 tickets for . . I . 50

Yosemite Camp. American plan:

Per day. each .. 3.50- 4.00

Per week, each 23 00- 26. 50

Per four weeks, each 90.00-104.00

Exclusive use of bungalow or tent by one

person, additional charge per day

Tub or shower baths in detached rooms,

each

Meal and lodging rates:

Breakfast

Luncheon

Dinner . .

Lodging ......................... I . 00-

Meals served in tents or bungalows.

extra ................................

Merced Lake Lodge. American plan:

Per day. each ............................

Exclusive use of tent by one person, addi-

tional charge per day ....................

Tub or shower baths ......................

Meal and lodging rates:

Breakfast ..................................

Luncheon ....................................

Dinner ...................................

Lodging ..................................

Meals served in tents, extra .................

Tenaya Lake Lodge. American plan:

Per day. each .......................... . ____

Exclusive use of tent by one person, additional

charge per day ............................

Tub or shower baths
Meal and lodging rates:

Breakfast .................................

Luncheon .............

Dinner ............. .........

Lodging ..................................

Meals served in tents, extra

I 00

.75
75

I 00
I 50

.25

4 00

.00
50

$1.00

.75

1.00

I 50

.50

4 . 00

1 . 00
50

1.00
75

1.00

1 . 50

Swimming — There are swimming pools at Camp Curry
and Yosemite Camp.

Rates for Sight-Seeing Automobile Trips

Round
Trip
Floor of Yosemite Valley to Mirror Lake, upper end

of valley and Happy Isles (time, about 2 hours) . $1 . 00
Floor of Yosemite Valley to El Capitan, Pohono
Bridge, lower end of valley, returning via Bridal
Veil Falls and Cathedral Rocks (time, about 2

hours) I . 00

Yosemite Valley to Artist and Inspiration Points,
on the rim of the valley, including lower end
of valley and El Capitan via Pohono Bridge,
returning via Bridal Veil Falls and Cathedral
Rocks (time, about 3 hours) . . 3.00

Rates for Automobile Tours

One Round
Way Trip

Between Yosemite Valley. Artist and In-
spiration Points, Glacier Point, and
Mariposa Big Trees:
Yosemite to Glacier Point $5.00

Yosemite to Mariposa Big Trees 7 50

Yosemite to Mariposa Big Trees and re-
turn to Glacier Point

Yosemite to Glacier Point, thence to
Mariposa Big Trees and return to

Yosemite

Glacier Point to Mariposa Big Trees. ... 7 50
Glacier Point to Mariposa Big Trees and

return to Yosemite

Between Yosemite Valley and Tuolumne
Bie Trees

$7 . 50
10 00

10 00

15 00

10.00
5.00

Saddle Animals for Riding on Floor of Valley

Full day $4 00

Half day 2.50

Full day shall consist of eight hours— the first half day
to terminate not later than 12 o'clock noon; the second
half day to terminate not later than 6.00 p. m.; each half to
consist of a period of four hours or less.

Horseback Tours from
Yosemite Valley

One
Way

Round
Trip

Number
Required
in Party

From Yosemite Valley to:

Glacier Point, short trail

$4 00

Glacier Point via Vernal and

Nevada Falls, long trail

4.00

Glacier Point via Pohono Trail.

returning via Pohono Trail.

short trail or long trail

7 00

Merced Lake. .

$4 00

7 50

Tenaya Lake

4 00

7 50

Top of Vernal and Nevada Falls
Clouds Rest by Vernal and

3 50

Nevada Falls

5 00

Eagle Peak via Yosemite Falls

4 00

Yosemite Falls. .

3.50

North Dome via Mirror Lake.

returning via Yosemite Falls

5 00

From Glacier Point to:

Floor of valley, short trail

2 00

Floor of valley via Nevada and

Vernal Falls, long trail
Floor of valley via Pohono Trail

3 50
4 00

700

5
5

Sentinel Dome

1 00

Ostrander Lake (good fishing)

4 00

Mariposa Big Trees via Wa-

wona, Peregoy Meadows, and
Alder Creek, returning via

Chilnulalna Falls and Mono

Meadows (3-day trip
Merced Lake

4 00

15 00
7 50

5
I

Johnson Lake

4 00

Thr Kis-.ii it- \half day. .
res /full day

2 50
3.50

5
5

From Merced Lake to:

Floor of valley, direct

4 00

Floor of valley via Clouds Rest
Washburn Lake (good fishing) .
Tenaya Lake via Forsyth Pass

5.00
4.00

2.00

5
1
1

Tenaya Lake via Vogelsang or
Babcock Pass and Tuolumne

Meadows

5.00

From Merced Lake to:

Tenaya Lake via Sunrise Trail
and Tuolumne Meadows. . . .

5.00

Glacier Point

4 00

From Tenaya Lake to:

Floor of valley via Snow Creek

and Tenaya Canyon

4.00

Floor of valley via Forsyth Pass

5.00

Merced Lake via Forsyth Pass

or Babcock Pass and Tuol-

umne Meadows

5 00

Merced Lake via Forsyth Pass

4.00

7.50

Merced Lake via Sunrise Trail

and Tuolumne Meadows ....

5 00

McGee Lake

3 50

Tuolumne Soda Springs
Waterwheel Falls

3.50
4 00

1
5

May Lake (good fishing)
Dog Lake (good fishing)
Mount Conness via Tuolumne

2 00
3.50

1
1

Meadows

5 00

Bloody Canyon via Tuolumne

Meadows

5 00

Ranger's station down Leevin-

ing Canyon (2 days)

. . ...

10.00

Rates for Private Party Camping Trips

Saddle horses, per day, each

Pack horses, per day, each

Guides, with horse, per day, each .
Packers, with horse, per day. each
Cook, with horse, per day, each. . .

$2 00 $3 00

2 00 3 00

5 00

Rates for All-Expense Camping Tours

1 person, cost per day. per person . .

2 persons, cost per day, per person .

3 persons, cost per day, per person

4 persons, cost per day. per person

5 persons, cost per day, per person

6 persons, cost per day, per person

7 persons, cost per day, per person

8 persons, cost per day, per person ...

9 persons, cost per day, per person. . .

10 persons or more, cost per day, per person..

Above rates include the necessary guides, cooks, saddle
horses, pack horses, provisions, canvas shelters, cooking
utensils, stoves and bedding.

$25 00
15 75
12.65
12.40
11.30
10 60
10 00
9 70
9 60
9 50

Page twenty-five

Some of the .equoia tree, are the largest and the olde«t living thing.

Sentinel Hotel. Yosemite Valley
One of the swimming pools in Yosemite Valley

Glacier Point Hotel
Hotel Wawona. near Mariposa Grove of Big Trees

Camping Outfits for Valley Use

Many tourists prefer to rent their camping outfits in-
stead of bringing same with them, and for the benefit of
>uch persons the following schedules have been prepared,
showing cost of renting camping outfits and equipment
'urnished.

It is advisable in every instance that tourists desiring
to camp in the Park should have reserved the necessary
equipment before arrival, as during the busy season tents
ire in great demand.

No charge is made for camp sites, which are
assigned to campers by the superintendent of the
Park.

Price List for Regular Outfits by the Week and Month

Persons in Party

One
Week

Two

Weeks

Three
Weeks

One

Month

3ne. . .
Fwo . .

$5.00
7 50

$6 50
9 00

$7.50
9 50

$8.00
10 00

Three

9 00

10 50

11 50

12 00

'-'our. . .
~ive

11.00
13 00

12 00
14 00

13 00
15 00

14.00
16.00

>ix

15.00

16 00

17 00

18.00

Hikers' Tours

The hotels and camps are within walking distance of
sach other, for those accustomed to that means of travel-
ng. Economical and comfortable trips can be made by
:quipping oneself at the rental department and merchan-
lise store in the valley with camp outfit and supplies,
md with pack animal, if desired. Carrying heavy equip-
nent on a walking trip robs the trip of much of its pleasure,
k delightful vacation may be had at an approximate cost
>f $1 to $2 per day per person, including all expense.

Trail Trips from Yosemite Village

1. Yosemite to Wawona by horse trail via Glacier Point.

Distance twenty-five miles.

2. Yosemite to Glacier Point via short trail, over Pohono

Trail, and return via Fort Monroe on Wawona Road.
Distance twenty-four miles.

3. Yosemite to Buck Camp by horse trail via Glacier

Point, and return via Merced Lake. Distance
seventy-eight miles.

4. Yosemite to Tuolumne Meadows and Soda Springs via

road to Mirror Lake, thence via horse trail and
Tenaya Canyon. Distance twenty-four miles.

5. Yosemite to Hetch-Hetchy Valley by horse trail via

Tenaya Canyon and McGee Lake. Distance sixty-
two miles. • •

6. Yosemite to Hetch-Hetchy via Yosemite Falls, White

Wolf, and Harden Lake. Distance thirty-one miles.

7. Yosemite to Hetch-Hetchy by horse trail via Tenaya

Canyon, Matterhorn. and Tiltill. Distance 100 miles.

8. Yosemite to Hetch-Hetchy by horse trail via Tenaya

Canyon, Smedburg, and Benson Lakes. Distance
seventy miles.

9. Yosemite to Soda Springs by horse trail via Vogelsang

Pass. Distance thirty-seven miles.

10. Yosemite to Soda Springs. Lyell Fork Meadows, and
Donohue Pass, via horse trail and Nevada Falls.
Distance thirty-eight miles.

I I. Yosemite to Soda Springs by horse trail via Ynsemite
Falls, Eagle Peak, and Yosemite Point Trail. Dis-
tance twenty-eight miles.

12. Yosemite to North Dome by horse trail and return

via Yosemite Point. Distance nineteen miles.

13. Yosemite to Lake Tenaya by horse trail and return

via Forsyth Pass and Clouds Rest. Distance thirty-
two miles.

14. Yosemite to Merced Lake and Washburn Lake by

horse trail. Distance twenty miles.

15. Yosemite to Johnson Lake and Buck Camp, via Glacier

Point, Illilouette Creek, Buena Vista Creek, and
Royal Arch Lakes. Distance twenty-two miles

16. To Moraine Meadows via Nevada Falls. Starr King.

Ottoway Creek, and Merced Pass. Distance twenty-
one miles.

1 7. Yosemite to Waterwheel Falls via Tenaya Canyon and
White Cascades. Distance twenty-five miles.

18. Yosemite to Ten Lakes via Yosemite Falls and Yo-
semite Creek. Distance seventeen miles.

U. S. R. R. Administration Publications

The following publications may be obtained
free on application to any Consolidated Ticket
Office; or apply to the Bureau of Service National
Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau —
Western Lines, 646 Transportation Building,
Chicago, 111.:

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies.
California for the Tourist.
Colorado and Utah Rockies.
Crater Lake National Park. Oregon.
Glacier National Park. Montana.
Grand Canyon National Park. Arizona.
Hawaii National Park. Hawaiian Islands.
Hot Springs National Park. Arkansas.

Page twenty-seven

The Maiden'* Profile in Nevada Fall*

Page twenty-ei^ht

Camp Curry, on the floor of the valley

Mount Rainier National Park, Washington.
Northern Lakes — Wisconsin. Minnesota, Upper Mich-
igan, Iowa and Illinois.

Mesa Verda National Park, Colorado.

Pacific Northwest and Alaska.

Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona.

Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado.

Sequoia and General Grant National Parks, California.

Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho.

Yosemite National Park, California.

Zion National Monument. Utah.

U. S. Government Publications

The following publications may be obtained
from the Superintendent of Documents, Govern-
ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at
prices given. Remittances should be by money
order or in cash.

Sketch of Yosemite National Park and an account of
the origin of Yosemite and Hetch-Hetchy Valleys, by F.
E. Matthes. 48 pages, 24 illustrations. 10 cents.

The Secret of the Big Trees, by Ellsworth Huntington.
24 pages, 14 illustrations. 5 cents.

Forests of Yosemite, Sequoia, and General Grant National
Parks, by C. L. Hill. 40 pages. 23 illustrations. 20 cents.

Panoramic view of Yosemite National Park, 18^2 by 18
inches. 25 cents.

The National Parks Portfolio. By Robert Sterling Yard.
260 pages, 270 illustrations. Pamphlet edition, 35 cents;
book edition, 55 cents.

Altitude of Summits in Yosemite Valley

The following may be obtained from the Director of
the United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.

Map of Yosemite National Park, 29 by 31 inches, 25
cents a copy flat; 40 cents a copy folded and bound be-
tween covers.

Map of Yosemite Valley, 35 by I5V£ inches. 10 cents.

The following publications may be obtained free on
written application to the Director of the National Park
Service, Washington, D. C., or by personal application to
the office of the superintendent of the Park.

Circular of General Information Regarding Yosemite
National Park.

Glimpses of our National Parks. 48 pages, illustrated.

Map showing location of National Parks and National
Monuments and railroad routes th-. reto.

Park Administration

Yosemite National Park is under the jurisdiction
of the Director, National Park Service, Depart-
ment of the Interior, Washington, D. C. The
Park Superintendent is located at Yosemite, Cal.

Name

Altitude
Above
Sea Level

Altitude
Above
Pier near
Sentinel
Hotel

Feet

Artist's Point

4,701

739

Basket Dome

7,602

3.642

Cathedral Rocks

6.551

2.591

Cathedral Spires
Clouds Rest

6.114
9.924

2.154
5.964

Columbia Rock

5.031

1.071

Eagle Peak

7.773

3.813

El Capitan

7.564

3.604

Glacier Point

7.214

3.254

Half Dome

8.852

4.892

Leaning Tower

5.863

1.903

Liberty Cap

7.072

3.112

North Dome

7.531

3,571

Old Inspiration Point

6.603

2,643

Panorama Point

6.224

2.264

Profile Cliff

7.503

3.543

Pulpit Rock

4.195

765

Sentinel Dome

8.117

4.157

Stanford Point

6.659

2.699

Washington Column . .
Yosemite Point

5.912
6.935

1.952
2.975

Height of Waterfalls in Yosemite Valley

Altitude

of Crest

Name

Height
of Fall

Above
Sea
Level

Above
Pier near
Sentinel
Hotel

Yosemite Falls
Middle Yosemite Falls. . .
Lower Yosemite Falls
Nevada Falls

Feet

1.430
600
320
594

Feet
6.525

4.420
5.907

Feet
2.565

460
1.947

Vernal Falls
Illilouette Falls
Bridal Veil Falls
Ribbon Falls
Widows Tears Falls

317
370
620
1.612
1.170

5.044
5.816
4.787
7.008
6.466

1.084
1.856
827
3.048
2.506

Page twenty - n i n e

Camp Yosemite, on the floor of the valley

Size of Big Trees in Mariposa Grove

[All dimensions are in feet.]

Distances frorn^ Yosemite Post-Office to Princii
Points in Yosemite Valley

Ap-

Trees

Girth
at

proxi-
mate
Diam-

Girth
about
10 Feet

proxi-
mate
Diam-

Height

Base

eter

Above

eter
10 Feet

at
Base

Ground

Above

ase

Ground

Grizzly Giant
Faithful Couple. . .

93
94

29.6
29 9

64.5
63

20.5
20

204
244

Michigan

55 5

17.7

12.7

257

Fresno

38.5

12.2

273

Columbia

80. 5

25 6

16.5

294

Old Guard (South

Tree)

14.3

244

Lafayette

92.5

29.4

16.9

273

Nevada.

48.5

15.4

II. 1

278

General Sherman..

41 5

13.2

267

General Grant. . . .

21.3

13.4

271

General Sheridan.

24 2

16.2

263

Philadelphia

61.5

19 6

50.5

16.1

275

St. Louis

23.2

16 2

269

Lincoln

22 9

54.5

17.3

258

Washington . .

29 3

20.7

235

William McKinley

22 3

46.5

14 8

243

General Logan. . . .

24 2

49.5

15 7

259

Galen Clark

59 5

18 9

14.9

238

Pittsburgh

53 5

242

Vermont

14.9

12.1

257

Wawona (26 feet

through opening)

J6 5

60 5
45.5

19 2
14.5

227
237

Forest Queen

53.5

12 1

219

Boston

18 4

14 9

248

Chicago

18 1

40.5

12 9

223

Whittier

19 7

14 9

268

Longfellow

51.5

16.4

13 7

273

Capt. A. E. Wood .

16 5

12 7

310

Mark Twain

16.9

331

Mississippi
Stonewall Jackson .

54.5
53

17 3
16 9

37.5
38.5

11.9
12.2

269
265

Georgia
South Carolina.. . .

15.3
23 5

35
54.5

III
17.3

270
264

Name*

Distance
Miles

Direction

Basket Dome (top of)

9 0

Northeast

Camp Curry
Clouds Rest

1.0
1 1 0

East

El Capitan. .

3.5

West

Glacier Point

4 5

South

Glacier Point Hotel

4 5

Half Dome (foot of)

3 0

East

2 5

Liberty Cap . . .

5 5

••

3 0

••

Mount Watkins (top of ) . .
Nevada Falls (594 feet)
North Dome (top of)
Sentinel Rock
Tenaya Canyon

9.0
6.0
II. 0
1.0
4.0
3 0

Northeast
West
East
South

Vernal Falls (317 feet)
Yosemite Falls (1.750 feet)

5.0
.5

East
North

What to Wear

Reasonably warm clothing should be worn, and persons
should be prepared for sudden changes of weather and
altitude. Good everyday clothes, golf or bicycle suits are
suitable for both men and women for Park travel. Wear-
ing apparel, dry goods, boots, shoes, etc.. may be procured
at reasonable rates at the general store on the floor of the
valley. Serviceable gloves and tinted glasses should form
a part of one's outfit.

Page thirty

The National Parks at a glance

United States Railroad Administration

Director General of Railroads

For particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc., apply to any Railroad Ticket Agent, or to any
of the following Consolidated Ticket Offices:

West

Beaumont, Tex., Orleans and Pearl Sts.

Bremerton, Wash 224 Front St.

Butte, Mont 2 N. Main St.

Chicago, 111 175 W. Jackson Blvd.

Colorado Springs, Colo.

119 E. Pike's Peak Ave.

Dallas, Tex 112-114 Field St.

Denver. Colo 601 17th St.

Des Moines, Iowa 403 Walnut St.

Duluth, Minn 334 W. Superior St.

El Paso, Tex Mills and Oregon Sts.

Ft. Worth, Tex 702 Houston St.

Fresno, Cal J and Fresno Sts.

Galveston, Tex. . . 2 1st and Market Sts.

Helena. Mont 58 S. Main St.

Houston, Tex 904 Texas Ave.

Kansas City, Mo.

Ry. Ex. Bldg.. 7th and Walnut Sts.

Lincoln, Neb . . . .
Little Rock, Ark.
Long Beach, Cal.
Los Angeles, Cal .
Milwaukee, Wis.

...104 N. 1 3th St.
... 202 W. 2d St.
L.A.&S.L. Station
.215 S. Broadway
99 Wisconsin St.

Minneapolis, Minn. ,202 Sixth St. South
Oakland, Cal. . . 13th St. and Broadway

Ocean Park, Cal 160 Pier Ave.

Oklahoma City, Okla.

131 W. Grand Ave.

Omaha. Neb 1416 Dodge St.

Peoria, 111. .Jefferson and Liberty Sts.
Phoenix, Ariz.

Adams St. and Central Ave.
Portland, Ore., 3d and Washington Sts.

Pueblo, Colo 401-3 N. Union Ave.

St. Joseph. Mo 505 Francis St.

St. Louis. Mo. 318-328 N. Broadway

East

St. Paul. Minn. . .4th and Jackson Sts.

Sacramento. Cal 801 K St

Salt Lake City. Utah

Main and S. Temple Sts.
San Antonio, Texas

315-17 N. St. Mary's St.

San Diego. Cal 300 Broadway

San Francisco. Cal.

Lick Bldg.. Post St. and Lick Place
San Jose, Cal., 1st and San Fernando Sts.

Seattle. Wash 714-16 2d Ave.

Shreveport. La.,Milam and Market Sts.

Sioux City. Iowa 5 10 4th St.

Spokane. Wash.

Davenport Hotel. 815 Sprague Ave.
Tacoma. Wash.. . 1117-19 Pacific Ave.
Waco. Texas. . 6th and Franklin Sts.

Whittier. Cal L. A. & S. L. Station

Winnipeg. Man 226 Portage Ave.

Annapolis, Md . . .

. 54 Maryland Ave.

Detroit, Mich.. . 13 W. LaFayette Ave. Philadelphia. Pa . .

. 1539 Chestnut St.

Atlantic City. N. J

..1301 Pacific Ave.

Evansville. Ind.. . L. & N. R. R. Bldg.

Pittsburgh. Pa . .

Arcade Building

Baltimore. Md

B. & 0. R. R. Bldg.

Grand Rapids. Mich 125 Pearl St.

Reading, Pa

16 N. Fifth St.

Boston, Mass .
Brooklyn. N. Y
Buffalo, N. Y., Ma

67 Franklin St.
. . .336 Fulton St.

Indianapolis, Ind., 112-14 English Block
Newark, N.J., Clinton and Beaver Sts.

Rochester. N. Y...
Syracuse, N. Y . .

20 State St.
University Block

Cincinnati, Ohio. .

.6th and Main Sts.

New York, N. Y 64 Broadway

Toledo. Ohio

320 Madison Ave.

Cleveland. Ohio..

1004 Prospect Ave.

New York. N. Y 57 Chambers St.

Washington. D. C .

. .1229 FSt. N. W.

Columbus, Ohio . .

. .70 East Gay St.

New York, N. Y 3IW. 32d St.

Williamsport. Pa. .

.4th and Pine Sts.

Dayton, Ohio

19 S. Ludlow St.

New York. N. Y 1 14 W. 42d St.

Wilmington. Del . .

. ..905 Market St.

South

Asheville, N. C. . .

Atlanta, Ga

Augusta, Ga

Birmingham, Ala . .
Charleston. S. C
Charlotte. N. C
Chattanooga, Tenn
Columbia, S. C.
Jacksonville, Fla .

For detailed
National Parks
Chicago.

POOLE BROS CHICAGO

14 S. Polk Square

74 Peachtree St.

811 Broad St.

2010 1st Ave.

Charleston Hotel

22 S. Tryon St.

817 Market St.

. Arcade Building

38 W. Bay St.

Knoxville, Tenn.
Lexington. Ky . .
Louisville, Ky . . .
Lynchburg, Va. . .
Memphis, Tenn .

Paducah, Ky .
i. Fla.

600 Gay St.

Union Station

4th and Market Sts.
722 Main St.

60 N. Main St.

Mobile. Ala 51 S. Royal St.

Montgomery, Ala Exchange Hotel

Nashville, Tenn., Independent Life Bldg.
New Orleans. La. . . .St. Charles Hotel

information regarding National Parks and Monuments address Bureau of Service,
and Monuments, or Travel Bureau Western Lines, 646 Transportation Bldg.,

Pensacola
Raleigh. N. C
Richmond, Va
Savannah. Ga.
Sheffield. Ala..
Tampa. Fla .
Vicksburg, Mis

. .430 Broadway
San Carlos Hotel
305 LaFayette St.
830 E. Main St.
37 Bull St.
Sheffield Hotel
Hillsboro Hotel
1319 Washington St.

Winston-Salem. N. C. .236 N. Main St.

Season 79/9

Page thirty-one

The Big Tree Wawona. through which the auto road passes, in the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees

*. *

UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION

N AT I O N A L

Wylie Way Camp Neatlea Beneath the Eastern Wall— here in an enchanting nook, beside one of Zion'a living strea

P a 6 « two

An Appreciation of

/ion National Monument

By JACK LAIT

Written Especially for the United States Railroad Administration

ION CANYON is an epic, written by Mother Nature in her
most ecstatic humor, illustrated by Creation in its most ma-
jestic manifestations, published by God Almighty as an inspi-
ration to all mankind.

Far from the foot-worn ways of conventional journeying, its remote
and intimate preserves unfold to the traveler whose eye seeks the extraor-
dinary a masterpiece in magnitudes, incredible colorings, vastnesses of
those mystic influences which mark the earth's contour, and a haven of
distant peace beyond the understanding of him who has never entered
the mouth of Zion Canyon, where the hubbub of the affairs of men has
not yet penetrated, where nature is so big that one may not think small
thoughts, where one is embraced in the spirits of mystery and history
and those fascinating elements untouched by the rude fingers of destroy-
ing humans.

I spent ten delicious days and nights between the unsealed walls of Zion;
I explored it over fords and fallen giant trees down to where, between
great, sheer altitudes of rock, no man has ever gone farther — the stream
becomes too deep to wade, too rocky to canoe, too narrow to swim. On
every side was crude but marvelous nature in bird and foliage and fish
and rock and running water. I stood there and I gasped, though I had
become almost familiar with the miracles of Zion. I gasped: I gasped a
prayer, for one may not behold what one beholds there without know-
ing that there is a God; that His ways are inexplicable to man and to
be taken in faith alone.

Zion Canyon is the most beautiful spot on this continent. I think I
have seen all the famed show-places that the evolution of the earth's
formation has made. And of them all Zion to me stands first, stands
alone. In this opinion I may stand alone. But I saw Zion at its best, and
it captured me. Rich with a phase of American history seldom touched
upon in popular literature, pregnant like the page of knowledge with the
spoils of time, it gives to one who stands within its magnificent dimen-
sions a sounder affection and admiration for the courage of men and a
more profound impression of the wonder-works of God.

Pate three

To the American People:

Secretary of the Interior

Zion National Monument

OWN at the very southern
edge of Utah lies Zion Na-
tional Monument, the new-
est among the many scenic
marvels of our Western
land. Not new in point of time since
its making, but new in presentation as
an attraction for the traveler and lover
of the marvelous in nature. Guarded
for centuries by unconquered barriers
of burning desert and rugged mountain
crests, this treasure house of splendors
was an unknown land.

A Land of Prehistoric Legend

Legend tells us that, in unrecorded
ages, a prehistoric people gathered
within its rock bound amphitheatres
to offer annual ceremonials in adora-
tion of gods now long forgotten. With
the passing of these ancient worship-
pers the area that forms Zion Monu-
ment relapsed into the silence of its
beginning, a silence broken only by the
howl of the mountain lion, the bark of
the coyote or the challenge of the stag
as he hurled defiance to his rival from
some jutting point upon a canyon's
rim. Even among the later arriving
tribes of American Indians, Zion was
held in reverence, none of these super-

stitious people ever daring to spend th<
night within the portals of its man:
winding canyons.

Discovered by Mormon Pioneers

First of all among the Anglo-Saxons,
came the Mormon pioneers to view this
scenic spectacle enacted by the spirits
of the gods, staged in a gigantic setting
of towering battlements and thrones
of glistening sandstone. Amaze<
at the wonders of this nook in th(
heart of Utah's Rockies, these religioi
zealots stood in awe before the loft}
pinnacles and crags of Zion colore<
by streams of brilliant crimson dashe<
against the faces of its mighty cliffs
First among moderns to enter the gat<
of this wonderland, these searchers int<
the unknown saw revealed the handi-
work of the Architect of the Univei
written on walls that tower heaven-
ward amidst a riot of color, bold and
glorious.

Built by Grind of Centuries

Long had Zion's pageant been in th<
making. It required the mantle
winter's snows, kisses of summei
brightness and the grip of untold au-
tumn frosts; building, tinting, smooth-
ing, breaking, to bring about a perf<

Page four

EJ Gobernador — Great White Mountain of Zion. which, flanked on either side by towering peaks, stands out as one of
the most striking gems in this array of scenic grandeur.

Pa fie /JV9

—a gigantic amphitheater shut in by t
rise two thousand feet above its floor.

tion in this maze of splendor destined
to charm countless mortals with its
weird sublimity.

Opening of the Way

For years following the coming of
the Mormons, this gem among Ameri-
ca's wonders was but rarely visited.
Now, placed among our nation's cher-
ished and protected playgrounds, Zion
has finally come into its own. The
way is open to you. Modern service
furnished by roads of steel, allied with
the distance-defying motor car and the
building of good highways, has ren-
dered all this possible. Zion's story
cannot be told — it must be seen. Its
portals thrown open that you may
enter, bid you come. Towering
thrones, sculptured by the winds and
rains, gleam in coral and in gold and
bid you a welcome to the. shrine.

A National Monument

Zion National Monument was cre-
ated and added to America's list of
playgrounds on March 18, 1918.

An area of 76,800 acres was includ-
ed in the territory set aside to form
this Monument and within its bound-
aries are located formations of such

unique colorings as to vie in attractive-
ness with those of any other among
our several National Parks.

Zion Canyon is located in the south-
ern part of Utah, its rugged and broken
acres forming the clefts and crannies
among the southern spurs of
Wasatch range of mountains.

Zion's Wondrous Diversity

First among Zion's wonders is
absolute diversity. With every turn
the visitor is confronted by a picture
differing totally from those he has al-
ready viewed. Next come the woi
drous colorings that have rightful
caused the naming of this giganl
gorge, "Yosemite done in oils."

Within the Monument there
several canyons, each one different in
character and color, at the same time
presenting features seen in no other
section of America.

There are cliff dwellings, telling the
story of a home life among vanished
races.

There are spots where legend local
places of worship dedicated to the ril
of heathen deities.

Page six

There are thousands of unblazed
trails reaching out into the towering
cliffs where the daring mountaineer
may find hazard and the geologist new
formations to puzzle.

There are unsolved problems of
earth's writhing and upheaval when
time was young.

Everywhere are vistas that defy the
talent of the artist to rightfully portray,
for the whole Monument is one great
riot of brilliant color and the fantastic
picturing of nature.

An Artist's Paradise

Such artists as Moran, Knight, Del-
lenbaugh, Culmer and Fairbanks have
penetrated its gorges and brought
forth studies from which paintings have
been developed that have astonished
the critics. Yet when others followed
these artists into this practically un-
known canyon they returned with re-
ports that the weird and brilliant col-
oring of these paintings told but half
the story of Zion's grandeur.

Other explorers, among them Mr.
William H. Holmes, at that time head
curator of the National Museum, and

Major Powell, visited, described and
made drawings of Zion's wonders, but
so far was the canyon removed from
the regular paths of travel, that it re-
mained a "terra incognita" until, by
means of the railroad and auto high-
ways, its attractions were placed within
reach of the traveler. Motor cars now
roll into the very heart of Zion's beau-
ties and deposit their passengers at the
doors of a "Wylie" camp, the proto-
type of those comfortable resorts which
welcome visitors in the Yellowstone.

A Highway of Romance

The opening of Zion has been ac-
complished through the efficiency of
Utah's good roads.

In combination with road construc-
tion carried on by the National gov-
ernment, these state roads have pene-
trated a section of country that will
rapidly take its place with the Yosemite,
the Yellowstone and Glacier Park as
one of America's scenic marvels.

The story of this highway is romantic
in itself, for, away back in the days
when our West was in swaddling

Looking down into Zion from its eastern wal'— from this point of vantage one of the most
glorious v stas of the Canyon meets the eye.

P a £ e seven

ZION
NATIONAL MONUMENT __

UTAH |

Location of natural features and
elevations are approximate.

Automobile Roads
Trails

Spnlncda

NATIONAL
I _ V^MONUMENT

P a £ e eight

clothes, Brigham Young first conceived
the good road plans that were carried
out so many decades later. President
Young was among the earlier visitors
to Zion's wonders and to him fell the
christening of the great central cleft,
around which are clustered the other
gems of the Monument. This canyon
so impressed him that he gave it the
name of "Zion."

First of all to be discovered in this
great area of attractions was this Zion
Canyon, which has, for years, caused
wonder and amazement on the part of
the few people who have braved the
hazard of rough travel and meager
accommodations in order to view the
splendor of this practically unknown
land.

Where the Motor Conquers Distance

By the automobile route now es-
tablished, Zion is just an even hundred
miles from the railroad station of Lund,
Utah.

The auto drive is made in less than
seven hours, with a stop for luncheon
at Cedar City, a most attractive little
community nestled under the shadows
of the southern spur of the Wasatch
Mountains, which really marks the
northern boundary of the area of which
Zion is the leading feature.

All along the way the traveler faces
the range which gradually rises in his
path, its color slowly changing from
the deep purple of distant effects to the
solid greys of the country rock splashed
with vivid tintings of red and yellow
sandstone, the whole softened by the
varied green of scattered cedars and
widespread areas of chaparral and
mesquite.

It is a most pleasant introduction to
a land of mountain wonders where
every mile shows a vista differing en-
tirely from the last.

From Cedar City the route follows
the historic state highway.

Rim of an Historic Sea

About twenty miles to the south
the road tips over the rim of the great

intermountain basin, over which the
waters of prehistoric Lake Bonneville
spread.

The road is flanked with towering
mountains that shut in fertile valleys,
green with growing crops.

Here the rim of the basin is known
as the "Black Ridge" and the rock
formation gives truth to this title where
the road winds down through the rocky
gorge leading into Utah's "Dixie."

Seventy-five miles from the railroad
brings the traveler to the valley of the
Rio Virgin, which here breaks out of
a grim canyon where it has cut its way
through the walls of what science
terms the most marvelous "fault" in all
the world's geological record.

There certainly was some tremen-
dous break, for when the earth's sur-
face was riven by a gigantic disturb-
ance, that portion west of what is
known as the Hurricane Fault, dropped
a full two thousand feet, leaving the
eastern area a great suspended mesa
with an edge ragged as a ripsaw, and
overlooking a stretch of country ex-
tending far over into Nevada and Ari-
zona.

A Glimpse at Utah's "Dixie"

In Rio Virgin Valley grow the fa-
mous "Dixie" peaches, the fig, the pom-
egranate, almond and the walnut; in
fact, everything that characterizes semi-
tropic America save the citrus fruits.

Blessed with the richest of soil ac-
companied by an abundance of water
for irrigation, and just lately brought
into close touch with markets by means
of good roads and the perfection of
auto trucks, this semi-tropic Utah is
coming back into the prosperity that
marked its earlier years when its cotton
fields supplied the intermountain com-
munities and its vineyards furnished
grapes and wines.

With a sharp tuin to the east the
highway climbs over the rim of the
great fault, following the south bank

Page nine

Towers of the Virgin — distant view of one of Zion's scenic gems.

of the waterway, where the state road
leads through the little towns of Virgin
City and Rockville. Here we reach
the confluence of two creeks that form
the head waters of the Rio Virgin.

One of these creeks, called the Par-
unuweap, flows from the east, while its
sister stream, known as the Mukuntu-
weap, comes straight down from the
north, like a crystal chain, and links
rocky temples with green bottom lands
and frowning narrows.

The Western Temple

Long before we reach the northward
turning point, the great divide which
marks the western boundary of Zion
Canyon has loomed before us, and we
are attracted by a massive pile that
throws its summit four thousand feet
above the valley's floor. As the lower-
ing sun strikes this great mountain, its
western side is illumined in a hundred
tints and colors ranging from greyish
white to the deep red of the great sand-
stone crown that caps its summit.

From its pictures we recognize the
peak which the Mormon leader titled
the "West Temple of the Virgin."

A turn northward shows that this
superbly colored mount marks the
eastern side of Zion's portal and any
question concerning the reason for its
christening is dispelled by the grandeur
of its wondrous formation and the mar-
vel of its colorings. It is truly a natural
temple.

Nowhere in all the world can there be
found a more striking facade than
forms the east front of this weird moun-
tain and, in conjunction with the array
of peaks and dome-like summits, that
flank it on the north.

At Zion's Portal

Across the canyon and forming its
eastern portal, rises another mountain
of like formation carrying a duplicate
of the great sandstone cap. This is
known as the "East Temple," and,
though second to its western sister in
magnificence, it stands as a fitting in-
troduction to Zion's glories.

One of Zion's strange formations is
in the shape of a natural bridge, that
stands, like a great bow with either end
anchored to a rocky base, overlooking
the chasm created by an erosion that

Page ten

left this ribbon of rock hanging high in
air.

A backward glance against the west-
ern sky shows a formation that outlines
a human face cut cameo-like upon the
canyon's wall.

Legendary lore has construed this
face to be that of a famous chief who,
after passing on, was transformed into
the guardian of the canyon's portal.

Into Zion's Depths

On into Zion's depths the highway
leads, passing on the right the Three
Brothers, and entering the Court of
the Patriarchs, where another trio of
gigantic pyramids tower in vari-colored
grandeur.

Winding beside the foaming stream
the road climbs over a slight divide and
passes out onto a broad meadow, from
the eastern border of which rises a
dome, rightly christened the Mountain
of the Sun, since its great white sum-
mit is first illumined by the morning
rays and through a break in the western
wall receives the final touch of depart-
ing light.

At the base of this glittering sun
mountain, is located the canyon camp
where are clustered inviting tent houses,

grouped about a social center with
amusement and dining halls.

Among the Trails of Zion

With another day comes a journey-
ing by horseback or on foot, to a hun-
dred places of vantage.

There is a trip to where the lumber
is brought from the canyon's rim on a
cable that carries its load down nearly
three thousand feet.

On the way is passed a huge peak,
cut to a flat table on its summit and
towering over three thousand feet
above the canyon floor. Its chalk-like
strata, in sharp contrast to the reds
and browns that surround it, brings
this splendid mountain out in clear re-
lief. Its name is El Gobernador.

Across the canyon and in an elbow
of the creek, rises a mountain, closely
resembling El Gobernador in every-
thing but color; this western pile, titled
The Angel's Landing, is in deep reds
and deeper browns.

Farther to the north are fields for
most interesting exploration covering
the Zion narrows, where the canyon
shrinks so that the little creek covers
its floor from wall to wall.

On Zion's Western Rim-

showing the depth of one of the Monument's peculiar canyons. where the brilliant colorings of
the lower altitudes have given way to rocks of chalky white.

Page eleven

The Eastern Temple — one of the two mountains which, on either side, flank the southern portal,
and become at sunset one of Zion's most impressive features.

Mystic Temple of Sinawava

Up at the narrows' portal lies a great
circular amphitheatre, with walls over
two thousand feet in height.

Though moderns have attempted to
give to this rock bound circle a twen-
tieth century name, it will stand forever
as the Temple of Sinawava, or the
place of worship for the greatest of
Indian gods, whom legend declared
was here venerated in days before his-
tory first told a story of our continent.

Trails lead from the floor to the rim
of the canyon and the ardent explorer
may find thousands of unblazed path-
ways upon which to invest his energy.
In fact, Zion is the heart of a great
country filled with curious formations.

One of the interesting side journeys
is a climb to the canyon's eastern rim,
made either on foot or by mule back.

It is only by taking a climb upward
to where the ragged sky line joins the
blue, that the massive grandeur of this
canyon can be realized. The trail is
not particularly hard and the reward
is well worth the effort.

At the end of the trail, a point is
reached where the canyon may be
viewed in two distinct directions, for
under the point, the great gorge swings

almost at right angles with its southern
stretch.

Glories of Zion's Sunrise

The best results of this journey to
the eastern rim are secured by making
the climb in the afternoon and remain-
ing "on top" for the glories of the next
sunrise.

With the first coming of the dawn,
the Mountain of the Sun springs out in
dazzling whiteness. In vivid contrast,
the great vermilion cap on the Western
Temple emerges from the gloom and
stands silhouetted against the sky,
while, far below, the canyon's depths
are still sunk in deepest shadow.

The gradual transformation of the
western wall from velvet darkness to
great splashes of vivid colors is a change
so weird, so impressive, that it lingers
distinctly, when the other features of
Zion are but a memory.

To the west of Zion Canyon lies an-
other great break among these old piles
of picture-rocks. This western canyon
has never been officially named and
its visitors have been few.

Differing entirely from Zion Canyon
in coloring and formation, the western
gorge can be viewed only from the
highest vantage points.

Page twelve

To Zion's Western Rim
There are several passes through
which trails will be eventually cut so
that ,the western canyon may be
reached directly from Zion's floor,
but at present, a journey back to the
westward and up the great plateau
that separates Zion from the western
canyon is necessary, if the traveler
would know its beauties. This is a
trip of three or four days.

It will take years to develop trails
to all the unique corners of the Zion
region. Not that they are inaccessible,
but because they are a comparatively
recent discovery.

Not half a score of people have ever
passed through the length of Zion, and
there are branches of the several can-
yons through whose network the foot
of man has never trod.

Zion's Prehistoric Dwelling

A short and most interesting side
trip, requiring but one day from the
Wylie Camp, is to the cliff dwellings,
located in the Parunuweap Canyon,
seven miles above the confluence of
the two creeks. High on the north
wall of the canyon some of these well
denned dwellings are located, with
their walls standing. The rocky arch-
way forming the roof of the community

dwelling, has strange sign paintings in
a long lost language, still undecipher-
able.

In different locations within the
monument's limits are several other
specimens of these prehistoric dwellings,
and as the traveler to Zion develops
in curiosity these relics of an unrecorded
people will be thoroughly examined
and their long hidden secrets given to
the world.

Season

It is probable that Zion National
Monument will ultimately become an
all-year attraction for the tourist, but
for the present the season is May 15,
to November 1 . At this season the
weather is at its best with bright de-
lightfully clear sunshiny days and
nights cool enough to make blankets
necessary.

Transportation and Accommodations

Zion National Monument may be reached
via the railroad stations of Lund, Utah, or
Mlarysvale, Utah. From Lundy Utah the
National Park Transportation Company op-
erates auto stages daily during the season
to Wylie Camp in Zion Canyon, leaving
Lund about 10:00 A. M. and arriving at the
Camp at 5:00 P. M. Returning auto stages
leave Wylie Camp at 9:00 A. M. and arrive
Lund 6:00 P. M. Stops are made at Cedar
City, in each direction, for lunch.

A nook in Zion's western wall, flanked on its northern side by three mountains of unique formation. To these mountains
the Mormon pioneers gave the Biblical title of The Three Patriarchs.

P a & e thirteen

Section of Zion's Brilliantly Colored Western Wall — splashes of vivid red characterize these formations

Wylie Camp consists of central social and
dining halls, and substantially constructed
sleeping tents of wood and canvas, each
accommodating from two to four persons,
The tents are sanitary; have sound board
floors, frames, windows and doors; contain
regular beds and are heated as may be neces-
sary. Hot and cold water is provided.

The cost of ticket including auto stage
transportation Lund to Wylie Camp and re-
turn, lunch enroute in each direction, two
nights' lodging and five meals at Wylie Camp,
is $26.50. For additional time at Wylie
Camp the rate is $ 1 .00 for each meal and
$1.00 for lodging; weekly rate $24.00,
American plan.

Special automobile trips from the Camp
to points within the Canyon, may be made
at rate of 75c per hour for each passenger,
with minimum charge of $3.00 per hour.

Saddle horses are furnished at the rate
of $3.00 per day and mounted guides at
$4.00 per day.

Splendid trout and bass fishing is within
short distance from the camp.

Camp wagons and equipment for extended
side trips may be secured at Wylie Camp.

The National Park Transportation Com-
pany and Wylie Camp are operated by W. W.
Wylie — address: Springdale. Utah.

Administration

Zion National Monument is under the juris-
diction of the Director, National Park Service,
Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.
The Custodian of the Monument is located at
Springdale, Utah.

U. S. Government Publications

The following publication may be obtained
from the Superintendent of Documents, Gov-
ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C.,
at price given. Remittances should be by
money order or in cash.

National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard, 260

Kges, 270 illustrations, descriptive of nine National
irks. Pamphlet edition, 35 cents; book edition,
55 cents.

The following publications may be obtained
free on written application to the Director of
the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

Glimpses of our National Parks. 48 pages, illustrated.
Map showing location of National Parks and National
Monuments, and railroad routes thereto.

U. S. R. R. Administration Publications

The following publications may be obtained
free on application to any consolidated ticket
office; or apply to the Bureau of Service. Na-
tional Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau
-Western Lines. 646 Transportation Building,
Chicago, 111.

Arizona and New Mexico Rockies

California for the Tourist

Colorado and Utah Rockies

Crater Lake National Park. Oregon

Glacier National Park, Montana

Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona

Hawaii National Park, Hawaiian Islands

Hot Springs National Park. Arkansas

Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado

Mount Rainier National Park. Washington

Northern Lakes — Wisconsin. Minnesota, Upper Michigan,

Iowa, and Illionois
Pacific Northwest and Alaska
Petrified Forest National Monument. Arizona
Rocky Mountain National Park. Colorado
Sequoia and General Grant National Parks. California
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Montana, Idaho
Yosemite National Park, California
Zion National Monument, Utah

Page fourteen

PACIFIC OCIAH
THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

The National Parks at a Glance

United States

For particulars as to fares,
to any of

Austin Tex ........ 521 Congress Ave.

Beaumont, Tex., Orleans and Pearl Sts.
Bremerton, Wash ....... 224 Front St.

Butte. Mont ........ ? N. Main St.

Chicago. 111. . ..... 179 W. Jackson St.

Colorado Springs, Colo.

I 1 9 E. Pike's Peak Ave.
Dallas. Tex ......... 1 12-1 14 Field St.

Denver. Colo ............ 601 17th St.

Des Moines. Iowa ..... 403 Walnut St.

Railroad Administration
Director General of Railroads

train schedules, etc., apply to any Railroad Ticket Agent, or
the following Consolidated Ticket Offices.

West

Lincoln. Neb. . . .
Little Rock. Ark.

Duluth, Minn.
El Paso. Tex . .
Ft. Worth. Tex
Fresno. Cal. . . .
Galveston, Tex
Helena, Mont. . . .
Houston, Tex ....
Kansas City, Mo.

Ry. Ex. Bldg., 7th and Walnut Sts.

334 W. Superior St.
Mills and Oregon Sts.
...... 702 Houston St.

. . . .J and Fresno Sts.

.21st and Market Sts.
....... 58 S. Main St.

. . .904 Texas Ave.

Annapolis, Md 54 Maryland Ave.

Atlantic City. N. J. . 1301 Pacific Ave.
Baltimore. Md. . B. & O. R. R. Bldg.

Boston. Mass 67 Franklin St.

Brooklyn. N. Y 336 Fulton St.

Buffalo. N. Y.. Main and Division Sts.
Cincinnati. Ohio. . . .6th and Main Sts.

Cleveland. Ohio 1004 Prospect Ave.

Columbus. Ohio 70 East Gay St.

Dayton, Ohio 19 S. Ludlow St.

I04N. 13th St.
..202W.2dSt.
Long Beach. Cal. . L. A. & S. L. Station

Los Angeles. Cal 221 S. Broadway

Milwaukee. Wis 99 Wisconsin St.

Minneapolis. Minn., 202 Sixth St. South
Oakland. Cal. . . 13th St. and Broadway
Ocean Park. Cal.. Pacific Elec. Station
Oklahoma City. Okla.

131 W. Grand Ave.

Omaha, Neb 1416 Dodge St.

Peoria, 111. . .Jefferson and Liberty Sts.
Phoenix, Ariz.

Adams St. and Central Ave.
Portland, Ore.. 3d and Washington Sts.

: Pueblo. Colo 401-3 N. Union Ave.

; St. Joseph. Mo 505 Francis St.

i St. Louis. Mo.. 3 1 8-328 North Broadway
| St. Paul. Minn. . .4th and Jackson Sts.

East

.801 KSi.

Sacramento. Cal
Salt Lake City. Utah

Main and S. Temple Sts.
San Antonio. Texas

315-17 N. St. Mary'. St.
San Diego. Cal ........ 300 Broadway

San Francisco. Cal 50 Post St.

San Jose. Cal.. I stand San Fernando Sts.
Seattle. Wash ......... 714-16 2d Ave.

Shreveport. La..MiIam and Market Sts.
Sioux City. Iowa ......... 510 4th St.

Spokane. Wash.

Davenport Hotel. 815 Sprague Ave

Tacoma. Wash. .
Waco. Texas. . .
Whittier. Cal
Winnipeg. Man

1117-19 Pacific Ave.
6th and Franklin Sts.
L. A. & S. L. Station
226 Portage Ave.

Detroit. Mich. . . 13 W. LaFayette Ave.
Evansville. Ind. . L. & N. R. R. Bldg.
Grand Rapids. Mich 125 Pearl St.
Indianapolis. Ind.. 1 12-14 English Block
Montreal, Que 238 St. James St.
Newark, N. J., Clinton and Beaver Sts.
New York. N. Y 64 Broadway
New York. N. Y 57 Chambers St.
New York. N. Y 31 W. 32 St.
New York. N. Y 1 14 W. 42d St.

Philadelphia. Pa. 1539 Chestnut St.
Pittsburgh. Pa Arcade Building
Reading. Pa 16 N. Fifth St.
Rochester. N. Y 20 State St.
Syracuse. N. Y 355 So. Warren St.
Toledo. Ohio 320 Madison Ave.
Washington. D. C 1229 F St. N. W.
Williamsport. Pa. . 4th and Pine St«.
Wilmington. Del 905 Market St.

Asheville. N. C

Atlanta, Ga

Augusta. Ga

Birmingham. Ala. . .
Charleston. S. C. . .
Charlotte. N. C....
Chattanooga. Tenn .

Columbia. S. C

Jacksonville. Fla.

14 S. Polk Square
. 74 Peachtree St.

811 Broad St.

2010 1st Ave.

. Charleston Hotel
.223. TryonSt.
. . .817 Market St.
. /Arcade Building
.38 W. Bay St.

South

ih. Ky 430 Broadway

i. Fla.

Lexington, Ky Union Station

Louisville, Ky .... 4th and Market Sts.

Lynchburg. Va 722 Main St.

Memphis. Tenn 60 N. Main St.

Mobile. Ala 5 1 S. Royal St.

Montgomery Ala Exchange Hotel

Nashvile. Ten. .Independent Life Bldg.

NewOrleans.La St. Charles Hotel

Norfolk Va Monticello Hotel

For detailed information regarding National Parks and Monuments address Bureau of
Service, National Parks and Monuments, or Travel Bureau — Western Lines, 646 Transportation
Bldg., Chicago.

SEASON 1919 RATHBUN-GRANT- HELLER CO.. CHICAGO - Pa&O fifteen

Knoxville. Tenn 600Gay St.

Padi

Pensacola. Fla SanC arlos Hotel

Raleigh. N. C 305 LaFayette St.

Richmond. Va 830 E. Main St.

Savannah. Ga 37 Bull St.

Sheffield. Ala Sheffield Hotel

Tampa. Fla HilUboro Hotel

Vicksburg. Miss. .1319 Washington St.
Winston-Salem. N. C . . 236 N. Main St.

Angels Landing — the glorious pile of brilliant color is brought into Striking contrast
by being situated directly across from El Gobernador.

I 1 1 1 !

lilii

ill

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Texts

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "National park series"

See other formats